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Posuny v turecké zahraniční politice v éře R. T. Erdoğana a její dopady na vztahy s USA a Izraelem
Ikizgül, Varol
My bachelor's thesis deals with the shape and development of Turkish-American and Turkish-Israeli foreign relations, especially in the era of R. T. Erdoğan. The aim of the thesis is to answer the question of how Turkey's foreign policy has changed after the accession of R. T. Erdoğan and how significantly these changes have affected the gradual development of foreign relations with the United States and Israel. Turkish, Israeli, and American interests, particularly in the Middle East, often overlap, which is why their foreign relations are very dynamic. The thesis points out that although Turkey remains one of the United States' main partners in NATO, Erdoğan's foreign policy has repeatedly come into conflict with the foreign policies of the Biden administration, the Trump administration, or the Obama administration before that. In particular, I see the Kurdish issue, or the issue of acquiring military technology outside NATO structures, as a fundamental core of the conflicts. Also central to the strengthening of Russia and Iran's positions of power is the position of Israel, which is an important strategic ally of both the United States and Turkey. Despite the fact that Turkish-Israeli relations have been in very good shape most of the time, the Gaza Strip was, especially in the first half of the 2010s, a bone of contention between the two countries.
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The Puzzle in the Turkish Foreign Policy Decision-Making Process: Beyond the Nexus of Continuities and Changes
Kiousi, Dimitra ; McDonagh, Ken (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee) ; Unkovski-Korica, Vladimir (referee)
The puzzle in the Turkish Foreign Policy decision-making process: Beyond the nexus of continuities and changes July 2020 International Master in Security, Intelligence, and Strategic Studies This dissertation analyses the puzzle over the nexus of continuity and change in the Turkish foreign policy decision-making process. It aims to demonstrate that in Turkey's case what seems to best explain the changing patterns in the country's foreign orientations are the so-called adjustment changes in its foreign policy outlook. This study seeks to address two interrelated research questions. The first research question is highly related to the complexity behind the nexus of consistency and inconsistency and to what extent changes in the country's foreign policy direction are radical or a product of adjustment changes. The second research question is related to how an interplay of interrelated variables can provide an insightful explanation regarding Turkey's convergences and divergences with states in high and low political salience issues. This study uses two decision models, the prominent 'Two-Level Games' introduced by Putnam, and a more recent model, the very well-known Poliheuristic theory introduced by Mintz, to demonstrate how the interplay of the individual, domestic and international component acts...
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Relations of the Turkish Justice and Development Party with the Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Government and the Syrian Democratic Union Party between 2011 and 2014
Gümplová, Anna ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
This thesis compares relations between the Turkish ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) the Syrian Democratic Union Party (PYD) and the Iraqi Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) between 2011 and 2014 on the background of its Kurdish minority policy and approach to the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK). Since AKP came to power the governmental approach towards so called "Kurdish question" have changed and it started to be more open to negotiations with the PKK. However, there were major changes in the AKP's stance on the "Kurdish question" during the peace processes with the PKK. In 2011 the AKP established closer, especially economic, relations with the KRG. This profitable partnership included a cooperation regarding the approach towards the PKK. In 2014 problems arose when Turkey almost did not help KRG militarily in its fights against ISIS. Turkey's approach towards the PYD was from its conception hostile, which has even worsened after the launch of the Syrian civil war, because PYD was getting stronger politically and militarily. The thesis describes different approaches of the AKP towards KRG and PYD and substantiates it on the background of the issue of the Kurdish question.
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Changes in Turkish foreign policy towards Iran in the Davutoğlu era (2002 - 2012)
Marcinová, Slávka ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
The principal aims of the research are to identify the nature and scope of Turkish foreign policy change towards Iran in the period 2002-2012 - the first ten years of the successive governments of the Justice and Development Party (AKP). Then, individual sources of foreign policy change and their respective roles in shaping Turkish foreign policy toward Iran will be investigated. As the research is theoretically grounded in the subfield of foreign policy analysis known as foreign policy change, the reader is familiarized with a variety of different models used in the study of foreign policy change. In order to assess the relevance of the individual sources, an alternative explanatory model is designed. The application of the designed foreign policy model highlights the necessity of applying a wider approach in the quest to assess Turkish foreign policy change, taking into account the different domestic and international sources in order to achieve a comprehensive explanation that can evaluate the relative power of international and domestic political, economic, and ideational sources serving as its driving mechanisms. The role of economic factors - long seen as fundamental in shaping Turkey's foreign policy toward its neighbors - and the role of security concerns are subsequently identified as...
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Limits of Europeanisation in Turkey: The Potential Relation between Economic Policy and Foreign Policy towards the EU
Blažek, Ondřej ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the Europeanisation of the third states and its limits. The thesis is a one-case study focusing on Turkey and Europeanisation of its foreign policy. Foreign Policy Analysis has been chosen as the research method. The method focuses on economic relations between Turkey and the EU and other subjects and searches for potential correlation with foreign policy making process. At first, the thesis researches the historical context of the relations of the EU and Turkey, describes the governing party AKP and analyses the changes in foreign policy. Economic relations are presented by Turkish exports and imports and inward and outward foreign direct investments. At the beginning of its government, the AKP party put a lot of effort to Europeanisation of the country in matter of reforms which brought better legislation and increase of FDI, but also mutual trade with the EU. During the years, fluctuations in mutual relations appeared but these did not have any significant influence on the political relations. As well as deterioration in political relations did not influence mutual trade. The EU is still the most important trade partner of Turkey despite the fluctuations. If a turn away the EU should have come, the motives would come most probably from internal politics...
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Relations of the Turkish Justice and Development Party with the Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Government and the Syrian Democratic Union Party between 2011 and 2014
Gümplová, Anna ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
This thesis compares relations between the Turkish ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) the Syrian Democratic Union Party (PYD) and the Iraqi Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) between 2011 and 2014 on the background of its Kurdish minority policy and approach to the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK). Since AKP came to power the governmental approach towards so called "Kurdish question" have changed and it started to be more open to negotiations with the PKK. However, there were major changes in the AKP's stance on the "Kurdish question" during the peace processes with the PKK. In 2011 the AKP established closer, especially economic, relations with the KRG. This profitable partnership included a cooperation regarding the approach towards the PKK. In 2014 problems arose when Turkey almost did not help KRG militarily in its fights against ISIS. Turkey's approach towards the PYD was from its conception hostile, which has even worsened after the launch of the Syrian civil war, because PYD was getting stronger politically and militarily. The thesis describes different approaches of the AKP towards KRG and PYD and substantiates it on the background of the issue of the Kurdish question.
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The Limits of Europeanisation in Turkey: The Influence of Economy and Religion on Foreign Policy towards the EU
Blažek, Ondřej ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Najšlová, Lucia (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the phenomena of Europeanisation of the third states and its limits. The thesis is a one-case study focusing on Turkey and Europeanization of its foreign policy. Foreign Policy Analysis was chosen as the method of the paper. It focuses here on the internal changes in Turkey that came up with the AKP party government and led to the change in foreign policy in which the relations with the EU were given less room. Economy and religion are analysed as two major limits of Europeanization. Economy was one of the motives on which the change of orientation of foreign policy was based when Turkey started establishing tighter relations with states in the regions of Middle East and Africa. Turkey was building its image as the hegemon and mediator in the region to protect its foreign investments. The AKP was a pro-Islamic political party and religion plays also a role in Turkish foreign policy. Since the AKP started ruling the country it has been reducing the secularization despite it was one of the pillars of the republic since it had been established. Islam became the unofficial but important factor in orientation of Turkish foreign policy. These factors had influence on Europeanization of the country because EU was becoming less priority region and this fact divided the...
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