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Thyroid tumors and their molecular genetic causes.
Šmídová, Barbora ; Dvořáková, Šárka (advisor) ; Soták, Matúš (referee)
The aim of this work is to summarize actual literature overview and to collect the up- to-date knowledge on genetic causes of the development of thyroid carcinomas. Thyroid carcinomas represent the most often endocrine malignancy and its incidence is still growing. This work describes all types of thyroid carcinomas derived from different cell types and are distinguished also according to the degree of differentiation. The main genetic changes in the tumor tissues of the medullary, papillary, follicular and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma are described. Thyroid carcinomas occur mostly in sporadic form, rarely as a familial disease. The causes of familial forms of thyroid carcinomas are also summarized and the main mutations in the germ-line DNA are identified. Key words: carcinoma, genetics, mutation, thyroid
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Laboratory tests for thyroid function assessment from the economic point of view
Stehlíková, Petra ; Martínková, Markéta (advisor) ; Hýsková, Veronika (referee)
In 2011 Recommendation for laboratory diagnostics of functional and autoimmune thyroid diseases was published. Its target is to recommend correct method when choosing thyroid examination parameters to general practitians and thus find a way how to save money on useless examinations which then can be used by hospital in other area. To verify physicians adhere to these recommendations file of VFN patients in Prague for year 2011 was used and statistically evaluated. Watched parameters included thyrotropin (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (FT4), total thyroxine (T4), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti - TPO), thyroglobulin antibodies (anti - Tg), thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroxine - binding globulin (TBG). Basic test according to published recommendation should include only TSH and if out of reference limits then it should be followed by FT4 test or antidote assessment. Other parameters are unnecessary for initial examination, some of them are not used anymore or should be examined only by clinics specialized in endocrinology. Based on the file records many physicians are still ordering unnecessary examination parameters. In one year 13,8 % of unnecessary parameters out of 44 415 thyroid function examinations were determined. This is 1 095 013 points that could by...
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Foods affecting function of the thyroid glande
Ciprová, Markéta ; Chrpová, Diana (advisor) ; Ezechiášová, Věra (referee)
6 Abstract Basis: This master's thesis deals with the issue of foods affecting thyroid function. The thyroid gland is an important endocrine organ involved in many bodily processes, it is completely dependent on external iodine intake and at the same time it is susceptible to some naturally occurring antinutritive substances. The main subject of research were therefore the sources of iodine and strumigenic substances in the diet and their occurrence in the diet of adults. The main sources for this thesis include the monograph Thyroid Gland, organized by Zdeňka Límanová, websites of professional institutions of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic and the World Health Organization and of course current studies dealing with this issue available in world health databases. The topic was chosen by the author on the basis of finding current topics in the field of nutrition, that have not yet been reserched by other students in the Nutrition Specialist field of study in recent years. Aims: The primary goal of the master's thesis was to examine and process current issues of thyroid function, especially in connection with the consumption of foods that affect this function. For this purpose, a questionnaire was compiled to obtain sufficient base and data to determine the average consumption of iodine and...
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Reakce neuroendokrinního systému koní na stres
Šimková, Daria
ŠIMKOVÁ, D. Reaction of Horse´s Neuroendocrine System to Stress. Mendel University in Brno, 2017. Bachelor thesis. The bachelor thesis deals with the issue of stress in connection with neuroendocrine systems. The work is focused on the comparison and cooperation of these two systems depending on the stress. The first part describes general characteristics of the endocrine system and hormones, a general description of the nervous system and the definition and view of stress. In the next part are given the specific organs of the given systems and their main function. End of the chapter is devoted to the pathological processes of both systems. In conclusion the effect of stress on these systems and the impact on possible desorders and diseases of the neuroendocrine system are summarized.
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How does the fluid intake affect the gastrointestinal absorbtion of levothyroxine.
Kročová, Radka ; Krátký, Jan (advisor) ; Hána, Václav (referee)
Thyroid diseases belong among the most common endocrinopathies, and, therefore, thyroid hormones are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in the Czech Republic, as well as in the world. Even though untreated thyropathies may cause several health complications for the patients, poorly administered treatment can also hurt the health of the individual. Several factors make the treatment difficult. A type of fluid used to ingest the drug belongs among such factors, and it represents the focus of this Master thesis. As is indicated by its title, the thesis focuses explicitly on the gastrointestinal absorption of levothyroxine after being ingested with water, black tea or cow's milk. The thesis was aimed at determining whether and to what extent, if any, the fluids may influence the gastrointestinal absorption of the drug. Based on this premise, research was conducted with six test subjects who underwent a relatively challenging absorption test with four blood samples taken over six hours. The data set (altogether 56 samples taken from all test subjects) had revealed that the gastrointestinal absorption of levothyroxine reached its maximum values when the drug was ingested with water. The other test fluids impair the bioavailability of L-thyroxine, and patients should wait to indulge in them at least...
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Accumulation 99mTc-pertechnetate in the thyroid gland
BARTOŠ, Štěpán
The objective of this bachelor thesis is to answer the following research question: "What is the extent of normal values of Technetium-99m accumulation in the thyroid gland?" I gained the answer by collecting data and subsequently assessing results of static scintigraphy of thyroid gland examined in 34 patients at the Department of Nuclear Medicine in the hospital Nemocnice České Budějovice. The reference file of patients was collected from January to December 2017. On the basis of clinical data on the examination request form, the supervisor excluded results that showed symptoms of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism or thyroiditis. The anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland and parathyroid glands are described in the introduction of the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis. The following chapter characterizes thyroid disorders. The last chapter describes the examination of thyroid gland using methods of nuclear medicine, check-up, radiopharmaceutical drugs used and making and processing an image. The practical part describes the procedure of elaborating my bachelor thesis at the Department of Nuclear Medicine in the hospital Nemocnice České Budějovice. There I worked with evaluating computer program Xeleris with the Thyroid Uptake Index application. I plotted the region of interest around the thyroid gland manually and calculated the value of accumulation in the thyroid gland with a programme. I processed the gained values statistically using formulas to count the average, standard deviation and percentile in Microsoft Excel. I fixed the percentile for 10 % and 90 %. Calculations show that a normal value of Technetium-99m accumulation in the thyroid gland ranges from 0.4 % to 1.8 % and the average is 0.85 %. This work can serve as evaluation of normal values of accumulation during examining thyroid gland at departments of nuclear medicine.
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