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Statistical methods for interpreting forensic DNA mixtures
Kubátová, Helena ; Zvárová, Jana (advisor) ; Hušková, Marie (referee)
In the present work we study interpretation of forensic DNA evidence from the point of view of probability theory and mathematical statistics. We provide a detailed mathematical formalization of the problem, which enables us to formulate mathematically accurate and consistent results. We deal with evaluation of a given evidence in terms of a likelihood ratio, which compares two hypotheses speci ed by genotypes of known contributors and the number of unknown contributors to the DNA mixture. We further analyze the case of a subdivided population, performing a thorough revision of the formulas for homozygous and heterozygous genotypes, their general version and a theorem for calculating the probability that an assumed number of random individuals explain a given genetic evidence.
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The possibilities of the use of project teaching at the first grade of primary school
Zvárová, Jana ; Spilková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Tomková, Anna (referee)
The theme of this diploma thesis is project teaching and the possibilities of its use at primary schools. This thesis is based on the points of departure and principles of the transformation of Czech education system after 1989, and it is focused on the internal reform of primary education. The key part of the thesis deals with project teaching - mainly its history, characterization and methodology. The practical part attempts to verify project teaching in practice. The authoress created and realized five projects for first grade primary school pupils. Each one contains educational objectives, a map of thougt, a detailed description of its realization, and an evaluation of the project including selfreflection. The pupils' activity during the projects are documented in the appendixes. On the basis of these projects the conditions for successful realization of project teaching at the first grade of primary school are charakterized. Keywords: internal transformation of Czech education after 1989, project teaching, projects.
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Statistical methods for determination of the weight of evidence in the identification process
Slovák, Dalibor ; Zvárová, Jana (advisor) ; Klebanov, Lev (referee)
In the present work we study an identification of culprit and assesment of evidence against him. At first we define a simple model called the island problem and we derive the weight-of-evidence formula in its basic form. In the next chapters we analyse several modifications of island problem and related issues. We find how we can deal with uncertainty about basic parametres of model, like size of population. We investigate possibility of inclusion of different errors or influence of relatedness and subpopulation structure into model. At the close we enlarge mixtures of DNA, including deriving and programming of appropriate formulas.
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System to support decision making in dental implantology - quality of life of patients with dental implants
Kříž, Pavel ; Dostálová, Taťjana (advisor) ; Mazánek, Jiří (referee) ; Zvárová, Jana (referee)
Title: System to support decission making in dental implantology - quality of life of patients with dental implants Author: MUDr. Pavel Kříž Department: Paediatric Stomatology of 2nd Medical School and Faculty Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5 Supervisor: Prof. MUDr. Taťjana Dostálová, DrSc., MBA Supervisor's e-mail: tatjana.dostalova@fnmotol.cz Dental implants are the method of choice in the treatment of missing tooth/teeth replacement. Implant therapy must be preceded by a detailed examination and the overall treatment plan. As an aid for decision-making for dentists was created decision-making scheme, which gradually, logically and schematically guides the dentists in this particular situation. Health is closely related to the quality of life. Our work evaluates the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with dental implants. The aim of our study was to determine whether treatment with a dental implant(s) improve(s) OHRQoL. We created a questionnaire to determine the quality of life before and after implantation. In our study, we evaluated only patients who were treated by the only one implantological system to eliminate the influence of other systems on the quality of the results of the study; we evaluated a total of 297 implants. It was assessed a total of 97...
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The language of medical reports and its information-lexical analysis
Přečková, Petra ; Zvárová, Jana (advisor) ; Hanzlíček, Petr (referee) ; Skalská, Hana (referee)
The objective of the dissertation thesis has been the information-lexical analysis of Czech medical reports and the usability of international classification systems in the Czech healthcare environment. The analysis of medical reports has been based on the attributes of the Minimal Data Model for Cardiology (MDMC). Narrative medical reports and structured medical reports from the ADAMEK software application have been used. For the thesis SNOMED CT and ICD-10 classification systems have been used. There has been compared how well attributes of MDMC are recorded in narrative and structured medical reports. The language analysis of the Czech narrative medical reports has been made. A new application for measuring diversity in medical reports written in any language is proposed. The application is based on the general concepts of diversities derived from f-diversity, relative f- diversity, self f-diversity and marginal f-diversity. The thesis has come to the conclusion that using a free text in medical reports is not consistent and not standardized. The standardized terminology would bring benefits to physicians, patients, administrators, software developers and payers and it would help healthcare providers as it could provide complete and easily accessible information that belongs to the process of...
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Selection of Relevant Rules Within Clinical Decision Support
Kalina, Jan ; Zvárová, Jana
Clinical decision support systems represent important telemedicine tools with the ability to help physicians within the decision process leading to determining diagnosis, therapy or prognosis of patients. We proposed and implemented a prototype of a clinical decision support system, which has the form of an internet classification service. A specific property of this system is a sophisticated statistical component, which allows to handle also a large number of symptoms and signs. It namely optimizes the selection of such symptoms and signs which are the most relevant for determining the diagnosis. The performance of the prototype was verified on an analysis of gene expression data from a cardiovascular genetic study. The paper discusses principles of multivariate statistical thinking and reveals challenges of analyzing high-dimensional data with the number of observed variables (symptoms and signs) largely exceeding the number of observations (patients).
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System to support decision making in dental implantology - quality of life of patients with dental implants
Kříž, Pavel ; Dostálová, Taťjána (advisor) ; Mazánek, Jiří (referee) ; Zvárová, Jana (referee)
Title: System to support decission making in dental implantology - quality of life of patients with dental implants Author: MUDr. Pavel Kříž Department: Paediatric Stomatology of 2nd Medical School and Faculty Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5 Supervisor: Prof. MUDr. Taťjana Dostálová, DrSc., MBA Supervisor's e-mail: tatjana.dostalova@fnmotol.cz Dental implants are the method of choice in the treatment of missing tooth/teeth replacement. Implant therapy must be preceded by a detailed examination and the overall treatment plan. As an aid for decision-making for dentists was created decision-making scheme, which gradually, logically and schematically guides the dentists in this particular situation. Health is closely related to the quality of life. Our work evaluates the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with dental implants. The aim of our study was to determine whether treatment with a dental implant(s) improve(s) OHRQoL. We created a questionnaire to determine the quality of life before and after implantation. In our study, we evaluated only patients who were treated by the only one implantological system to eliminate the influence of other systems on the quality of the results of the study; we evaluated a total of 297 implants. It was assessed a total of 97...
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The language of medical reports and its information-lexical analysis
Přečková, Petra ; Zvárová, Jana (advisor) ; Hanzlíček, Petr (referee) ; Skalská, Hana (referee)
The objective of the dissertation thesis has been the information-lexical analysis of Czech medical reports and the usability of international classification systems in the Czech healthcare environment. The analysis of medical reports has been based on the attributes of the Minimal Data Model for Cardiology (MDMC). Narrative medical reports and structured medical reports from the ADAMEK software application have been used. For the thesis SNOMED CT and ICD-10 classification systems have been used. There has been compared how well attributes of MDMC are recorded in narrative and structured medical reports. The language analysis of the Czech narrative medical reports has been made. A new application for measuring diversity in medical reports written in any language is proposed. The application is based on the general concepts of diversities derived from f-diversity, relative f- diversity, self f-diversity and marginal f-diversity. The thesis has come to the conclusion that using a free text in medical reports is not consistent and not standardized. The standardized terminology would bring benefits to physicians, patients, administrators, software developers and payers and it would help healthcare providers as it could provide complete and easily accessible information that belongs to the process of...
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Statistical methods for interpreting forensic DNA mixtures
Kubátová, Helena ; Zvárová, Jana (advisor) ; Hušková, Marie (referee)
In the present work we study interpretation of forensic DNA evidence from the point of view of probability theory and mathematical statistics. We provide a detailed mathematical formalization of the problem, which enables us to formulate mathematically accurate and consistent results. We deal with evaluation of a given evidence in terms of a likelihood ratio, which compares two hypotheses speci ed by genotypes of known contributors and the number of unknown contributors to the DNA mixture. We further analyze the case of a subdivided population, performing a thorough revision of the formulas for homozygous and heterozygous genotypes, their general version and a theorem for calculating the probability that an assumed number of random individuals explain a given genetic evidence.
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The possibilities of the use of project teaching at the first grade of primary school
Zvárová, Jana ; Tomková, Anna (referee) ; Spilková, Vladimíra (advisor)
The theme of this diploma thesis is project teaching and the possibilities of its use at primary schools. This thesis is based on the points of departure and principles of the transformation of Czech education system after 1989, and it is focused on the internal reform of primary education. The key part of the thesis deals with project teaching - mainly its history, characterization and methodology. The practical part attempts to verify project teaching in practice. The authoress created and realized five projects for first grade primary school pupils. Each one contains educational objectives, a map of thougt, a detailed description of its realization, and an evaluation of the project including selfreflection. The pupils' activity during the projects are documented in the appendixes. On the basis of these projects the conditions for successful realization of project teaching at the first grade of primary school are charakterized. Keywords: internal transformation of Czech education after 1989, project teaching, projects.
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