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Effect of weight reduction on blood lipids and some other risk factors of ischemic heart disease
Zdeňková Kroužková, Pavlína ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Altschmiedová, Tereza (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the effect of weight reduction on the level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, waist circumference and blood pressure. The effect of education, or changes in dietary and regime habits on weight, blood lipid levels (total cholesterol and triglycerides), waist circumference and blood pressure were monitored in a group of educated persons. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part contains information about obesity, ischemic heart disease, risk factors for these diseases, their prevention and therapy. The practical part of the bachelor's thesis is devoted to monitoring dedicated a group of patients who decided to lose weight by changing dietary and dietary habits. At baseline, patients were measured on by the Accutrend for total cholesterol, triglycerides, waist circumference, and blood pressure. The subjects were educated about the dietary regime and subsequently followed the recommended measures. Repeated measurements of all monitored indicators were performed after three months, when the effect of weight reduction on the monitored parameters was evaluated. After three months, all subjects demonstrated on average weight loss of 11.9 kg, BMI lowered by 3.94 kg / m2, and waist circumference parameters reduced on 8.9 cm. Systolic pressure decreased by...
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Nutricional care for patients with TBC
Vlášková, Lenka ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee)
The thesis deals with the nutritional care for patients with TBC. The theoretical part describes the history of the disease, its etiology, pathogenesis, treatment and epidemiology. The tuberculosis current care of patients in the Czech Republic, the incidence of tuberculosis in our country and in the world and the specifics of nutricional care for patients with tuberculosis. In the practical part i deal with nutritional care in five case reports and interpret the records from the patient's medical records. I suggest to each patient an optimal diet based on the calculated nutritional need. Keywords: tuberculosis, nutritional care, disease, nutrition, diet
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Whey-based enteral nutrition and its effect on glycemic variability in intensive care
Jirků, Jitka ; Křížová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (referee)
Background: The most patients in intensive care experience hyperglycemia. These may include patients with pre-existing diabetes or stress hyperglycemia as an organism's offense reaction. Our aim is not only to correct this hyperglycemia early by a reserve, but also to prevent acceleration of hyperglycemia above their commended level. In addition to insulin, the correct choice of enteral nutrition can prevent not only hyperglycemia but also glycemic variability, which seems to be a much greater risk for these patients than stable tolerable hyperglycemia. In addition to diabetic-specific formulas, whey-based enteral nutrition can support our pursuit of optimal glycemia, due to its insulinotropic effect and its ability to stimulate incretin release. Much evidence will still be needed to confirm these benefits, but we can already look at whey not only as a source of quality protein, but also as a diet with a potential to limit glycemic variability. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of enteral nutrition based on whey (Peptamen Intense) on parameters associated with the assessment of glycemia in intensive care patients. Assess whether there is a relationship between the variables and draw conclusions with possible application in practice. Methods: Thirty-seven patients were...
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Prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases
Hrdinová, Zuzana ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Tůmová, Eva (referee)
Preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is one of the main components of preventive medicine. This thesis deals with prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The theoretical part describes the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which is at the background of 90 % of CVD. The next chapters deal with the most common cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. There is described determination of cardiovascular risk and a nutritional prevention is included at the end of the theoretical part. A part of this work is a research carried out on 107 randomly selected individuals. The main objective was to find out the level of knowledge of this individuals about the possibilities of prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The survey was performed in a questionnaire survey, both in electronic and printed form. The survey revealed that the majority of respondents (87,9 %) correctly associate the CVD with an inappropriate lifestyle, only 12,1 % of respondents considered the most important factor in genetics. The negative influence of inappropriate meals and lack of physical activity prevails in the respondents' awareness. Most respondents also correctly stated that CVD accounts for almost 50 % of all deaths in the Czech Republic. An active interest in lifestyle, which is an integral part of preventive measures,...
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The effect of high protein enteral nutrition on the nutritional status of the patients in intesive care
Jirků, Jitka ; Křížová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (referee)
Background: The paper presents a broad view of the issue of providing sufficient nutritional support (enteral nutrition) with a high level of protein for the target group of patients in intensive care. Patients in these types of departments (ARO, ICU) have different metabolic requirements at different time intervals of their acute illness. Understanding the essence of metabolism of essential macronutrients with all the consequences on the organism is the basis for understanding metabolism in intensive care with a significant influence on the different nutritional requirements of these patients and maximizing our efforts to adapt the type of enteral nutrition to the needs of intensive care patients. Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the new enteral formula Peptamen Intense on the nutritional status of patients in intensive care. Assess the possibility of achieving the nutritional target of proteins (energy) according to the guidelines. Evaluate other parameters that influence management of nutritional support in patients with intensive care. Methodology: Ten patients were selected from the workplaces (ARO, JIP) throughout the Czech Republic according to clearly defined input criteria between November 2017 and March 2018. Subsequently, all patients were enrolled in the...
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Regulation of triglyceride metabolism in circulation in postprandial phase.
Zemánková, Kateřina ; Kovář, Jan (advisor) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee) ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (referee)
Increased triglyceride (TG) concentration has been generally accepted as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease and, therefore, lowering TG is therapeutic target that should reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Traditionally, concentration of TG is measured in the fasting state (8-12 hours after an overnight fasting) mainly because the rise in TG levels after meal leads to the high variation in TG values. However, human beings spend larger portion of the day in a postprandial state and postprandial hypertriglyceridemia may then play a substantial role in determination of cardiovascular disease risk. The increased and prolonged postprandial lipemia has been found in patients with coronary heart disease. Moreover, recent data from Copenhagen Heart Study point out that the non-fasting TG concentration is associated with cardiovascular disease risk more tightly than the fasting TG concentration. Importantly, concentration of non-fasting TG is substantially affected by individual behavioural habits such as diet composition and physical activity. It remains to be determined whether it would be appropriate to identify individuals at higher risk of cardiovascular disease due to increased postprandial TG using tolerance test analogous to glucose tolerance test. The protocol of standardized fat tolerance...
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Nutrition in children with chronic skin disease
Tomíšková, Markéta ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Matoulek, Martin (referee)
1 Children and chronically ill are two groups of people with specific dietary requirements. Therefore, if the patient falls into both groups at the same time, it can be very difficult to determine a suitable nutritional plan for him/her and to determine the recommended diet. The aim of this thesis is to describe basic specifics and requirements for nutritional care for chronically ill children with skin diseases. In particular, this thesis focuses on the nutrition of children with atopic eczema. In the practical part of the thesis it was investigated how key findings of current research and recommendations of the Czech Paediatric Society are followed in practice and how the education of the patients related to atopic eczema is ensured. The conclusions of research and recommendations of the Czech Paediatric Society on exclusive breastfeeding lasting at least until the end of the 4th month have been respected in the majority of cases (85 %). Recommendations on the introduction of solid food around 6 months of age were also largely observed in the sample of patients studied - solid food was introduced later than in 6 months later in 23% of patients. Recommendations regarding elimination of food limited to proven allergens was mostly not respected. In 86% of patients 3-6 foods were eliminated. In 62% of...
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Nutrition and health claims on food packaging
Laštovičková, Jitka ; Pejšová, Hana (advisor) ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (referee)
Food producers must provide food packaging with a mandatory nutrition label in conformity with the contemporary food legislation of the Europian Union. There have been several changes of the legislation in last 10 years. Moreover new rules for providing the health and nutrition claims on food packaging have been issued. Main objectives were to unite legislation valid in the European Union and also to protect the rights of customers. This diploma thesis focuses on nutrition and health claims on food packaging. The aim of the thesis is to summarize changes and current state of legislation on nutrition and health claims on food packaging and also to explore patients' awareness of nutrition and health claims. To analyse the theme of the research the quantitative method was used in a form of a questionnaire given to the patients, who are visiting a dietician. There were 83 patients, who participated in research, 80 questionnaires were analysed (3 questionnaires were not filled in properly, therefore they were not included). Most of the respondents think, that information in nutrition labels on food packaging are true and trustworthy. Respondents also read a nutrition label of food, when buying it for the first time. Most of the respondents have sought the information about health and nutrition claims on...
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Nutrition and sedentary jobs
Řehounková, Alena ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Pejšová, Hana (referee)
In my bachelor thesis I'm looking little bit closer to one of the key problems of our ages, which in my opinion is the fact, that too many people spending their working days only by sitting a whole day in front of the computer.At the same time, they have almost unlimited access to food. Both factors together might have significant affect to an unhealthy life style, which has a big influence to metabolic deseases develompment, so called "Lifestyle deseases". In the first part of the thesis, I am describing nutrition itself. How the nutrition intake should look like. Data I used is focused on proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins or mineral substances intake. In the second part, the major metabolic deseases are described, especially those associated to a wrong lifestyle behaviours and sedentary lifstyle. The practical part of the thesis is based on a questionnaire survey. The main objective of this survey is to determine dietary and exercise habits of those employees, who spend the most of their working days sitting behind the office desk. The research shows, that majority of respondents care about a food they consume. The most of them trying to adjust their behaviour and shopping habits. Some of the respondents are not able to reach their goal, even though they're interested to change. Possible...
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