National Repository of Grey Literature 30 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Biochemical diagnostics of expansive brain contusions
Vajtr, David ; Průša, Richard (advisor) ; Bouška, Ivan (referee) ; Zima, Tomáš (referee)
TBI is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Outcome for brain-injured patients is determined by the type, severity, location of the injury, ischemia and inflammatory response following TBI. Aim of the study: We focused on the relevance of a risk factor, kinetics of all markers in the blood reflecting different types of pathophysiological changes of the BBB in focal and diffuse injuries. We analyzed the BBB impairment in focal and diffuse brain injuries by immunohistochemistry and electon microscopy. Methods: The patients (n=38) were divided into group of diffuse axonal (DAI, n=10) and focal (n=28) brain injuries. Blood samples were collected during 10 days after admission to the hospital. Serum protein (S-100B, NSE) concentrations were measured on immunoassay analyzer Roche Cobas e411, GFAP by Biotrak activity assay systém, NF-H by ELISA immunoassay, and inflammatory markers on immunoassay analyzer. The BBB was studied by immunohistochemistry and electon microscopy. Results: With regard to the kinetics of NSE and S-100B we found the decrease of value of NSE and S-100B protein in survived patients with focal brain injury, on the other hand the increase of NSE (32,72 μg/l up to 86,95 μg/l) and S-100B protein (3,41 μg/l up to 5,80 μg/l) 2 up to 3 day was observed in 5 patrients who died. Within...
Identification and determination of metalloproteins and metalloproteinases in experimental models and in groups of patients
Kukačka, Jiří ; Průša, Richard (advisor) ; Zima, Tomáš (referee) ; Stoklasová, Alena (referee)
Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-containing metalloproteins which take part in many processes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. These enzymes participate in most processes degrading connective tissue during ontogenesis. Changes in MMP expression and activity can be observed in most inflammato ry, degenerative, and malign processes. Methalothionein also belongs to the group of zinc-dependent metalloproteins and it is involved in metal trafficing, detoxification or protection of cells against reactive oxygen species. Aim: The aim of th is study was to analyze MMP and metallothionein in various experimental models of caridac tissue remodeling (under hypoxia and methamphetamine administration) and in groups of patiens with dislipoproteinemia and traumatic brain injury. Methods: Laboratory rats were exposed to 1) hypoxia for 3 weeks and treated with MMP inhibitor 2) hypoxia and hypoxic hypercapnia for 4 days. 3) ln another experimental set methamphetamine was aplicated to rats for 9 weeks. 4) A group of patiens with dyslipoproteinemia was investigated before and after 1 month therapy by diet or hypolipidemics. 5) Blood samples were collected from patiens with traumatic brain injury during hospitalization. MMPs were analysed by zymography, immunochemical method, and...
Investigation of thyroid disorder in pregnancy and reference intervals in evaluation of maternal thyroid function
Springer, Drahomíra ; Zima, Tomáš (advisor) ; Průša, Richard (referee) ; Zamrazil, Václav (referee)
The importance of maternal thyroxine for the development of the fetus brain early in pregnancy has received increasing acceptance. It has more recently become evident that maternal hypothyroxinemia results in the birth of children with decreased mental and psychomotor development. In our group of 7,530 women in 9-11 week of pregnancy were determined TSH, anti TPOAb and FT4. For evaluation of results was necessary to set reference intervals for pregnant women. The TSH reference interval was determined to be 0.06 - 3.67 mU/l and for FT4 9.8 - 23.43 pmol/l was used. The limit for anti-TPO positivity was determined to be 143 kU/l. A raised concentration of TSH was found in 5.14% of women; and a suppression of TSH was found in 2.90% of women and 11.5% of pregnant women were found positive. Serum concentrations of FT4 were lower in TPOAb positive as compared to TPOAb negative women and differences of FT4 in euthyroid women with suppressed, normal and elevated TSH were found. (...) In Czech Republic, case finding screening is able to disclose only about 20% of asymptomatic mild or deep hypothyroidism or women with positive anti TPO in pregnancy. Foreign study report 70% of these high-risk pregnant women, consequently is evident need of general screening of pregnancy thyroid failure in Czech Republic. Moreover the...
Czech film advertisin during the first republic
Zima, Tomáš ; Vošahlíková, Pavla (advisor) ; Bednařík, Petr (referee)
The thesis is aimed on film advertising in the period of the Czechoslovak First Republic, which is often a neglected, but extremely interesting chapter in the study of advertising history. The origin of film advertising is examined from the point of view of the advertiser, creators, but also the technical possibilities and available technical background, which was often a limiting factor for the development of film as such. The possible reach of the film advertising at the time is then illustrated by the development of the number of cinemas in Czechoslovakia, their total attendance, as well as the number of these films and the average attendance per show.
Metabolic Effects of L-Carnitine Supplementation in Hemodialyzed Patients
Cibulka, Roman ; Racek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Zima, Tomáš (referee) ; Eiselt, Jaromír (referee)
Chronic kidney failure is associated with many kinds of metabolic disorders caused by the kidney disease and also attributable to dialysis treatment. Phenomena such as accumulation or deficit of various substances and dysregulation of metabolic pathways participate in the pathogenesis of these changes. One of these disorders, which we studied in more detail, is a deficit of carnitine. Carnitine is a substance which plays an essential role in beta-oxidation of fatty acids by catalyzing their transport into the mitochondrial matrix. It enables obtaining of energy, namely in muscle cells including myocardium. Patients with chronic kidney failure treated by hemodialysis are known to have decreased carnitine concentration in plasma and tissues due to its impaired synthesis in kidneys and the great loss across the hemodialysis membrane during dialysis sessions. A single hemodialysis session reduces plasma free-carnitine concentrations to about one-third of their predialysis values because of small molecule of free-carnitine. On the other hand, renal elimination of acylcarnitine, which is physiologically ineffective, may be impaired in chronic kidney failure, leading to increased blood concentrations of acylcarnitine. Considerable evidence suggests that carnitine deficiency and abnormalities of carnitine...
Changes in the iron metabolism and its regulation in patients with end-stage renal disease treated by hemodialysis and kidney transplantion
Turková Sedláčková, Terezie ; Racek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Zima, Tomáš (referee) ; Teplan, Vladimír (referee)
Iron is a very important biogenous trace element, which is involved in many of cell processes in organism. For its character iron can be also involved in Fenton reaction, where a toxic hydroxyl radical is produced. The iron metabolism is very carefully regulated in order to avoid formation of hydroxyl radical. Iron Responsive Proteins-Iron Responsive Elements (IRPs-IREs) system is involved in the regulation of iron metabolism on cell level, small peptide hormon hepcidin is involved in the regulation on systemic level. Hepcidin was discovered in 2000 as a peptide with antimicrobial properties. It is a key regulator of iron metabolism, as was discovered later. The target of hepcidin is ferroportin-the only known iron cell exporter. The expression of hepcidin is downregulated by hypoxia and anemia and upregulated by iron overload and inflammation. Hemodialyzed patients suffer from anemia very often. This anemia is caused by many factors, e.g. inadequate production of erythropoietin, chronic inflammation, chronic oxidative stress, blood loss during hemodialysis process or lower lifetime of red blood cells. We realized three studies on the patients with end-stage renal disease in our laboratories. Our aim was to find a relationship of hepcidin and other parameters of iron metabolism, inflammation and...
Effects of obesity on the course of Trypanosoma cruzi infection
Brima, Wunnie ; Zima, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šimánek, Vilím (referee) ; Škrha, Jan (referee)
Obesity is very widespread and detrimental to health. Obesity brings with it many changes including heightened immune function, and a higher prevalence of major cardiovascular disorders, cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer disease. Obesity is also associated with shortened lifespan. The detrimental effects of obesity are linked to the "metabolic syndrome", a broad range of changes in metabolic processes and immune function. As a first approximation, we agree with this formulation but we will then proceed to document some of its weaknesses. (i) Crude mortality rates increase with increasing body mass index (BMI) but as the BMI approaches the normal range, mortality rates reverse (the now classic "J-shaped curve") so that individuals with reduced BMI have elevated mortality. (ii) A multiplicity of medical and surgical conditions have been reported where short term and medium term outcomes are better for overweight patients. These conditions are placed under the heading of "obesity paradox". (iii) The medical community has introduced a binary system for the metabolic syndrome ---- yes, patient has it or no, the patient does not have it, despite the fact that all of the changes that are considered components of the metabolic syndrome are continuous variables. Our work is focused on sharpening focus and improving...
Study of protein changes in patients with nephrotic syndrome and Anderson-Fabry disease
Vojtová, Lucie ; Zima, Tomáš (advisor) ; Teplan, Vladimír (referee) ; Průša, Richard (referee)
Background: Heavy proteinuria may be caused by either increased glomerulal basement membrane permeability or membrane or podocyte structural damage, and also by impairment of secretion-reabsorption tubular processes. In this study, 60 patients with nephrotic proteinuria and other diagnoses (lupus nephritis, membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, Wegener's granulomatosis) and 20 patients with Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD),which is an X-linked genetic disorder with deficient a-galactosidase A activity, were analysed by the 2D electrophoresis method. The main aim of this work was to investigate possible differences in urine proteins in nephropaties, between healthy controls and AFD patients and to identify abnormal proteins as potential biomarkers of disease. Methods: The urine proteins were devided by isoelectric focusing method using polyacrylamide strips (pH 3-10 linear). The second dimensional SDS electrophoresis was performed in 12 % polyacrylamide gel. The proteins were visualized by silver method and selected proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. The gels were evaluated by Phoretix 2D expression software 2005. Results: We found out that without adding protease inhibitors we can detect proteolysis, with increased quantity of proteins manifested in the area about 10 kDa and decreased quantity...
Laboratory diagnostics of micrometastases in breast cancer patients
Mikulová, Veronika ; Zima, Tomáš (advisor) ; Svoboda, Marek (referee) ; Průša, Richard (referee)
Introduction: The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the peripheral blood has been associated with worse prognosis and early relapse in breast cancer patients. CTC determination in the peripheral blood has been considered as a liquid biopsy. The aim of this project was to analyze the presence of CTC followed by their molecular characterization with the potential use not only as a new biomarker for real-time monitoring of therapy efficacy but also as a suitable tool for patient's stratification and individualization of treatment for breast cancer. Methods: A total of 54 patients with diagnosed early breast cancer were enrolled into a prospective study. Ten millilitres of peripheral blood were sequentially collected to test for the presence and characterization of CTC during the follow-up of patients. CTC isolation and detection was performed by AdnaTest BreastCancer™ (AdnaGen AG, Germany), which is based on the detection of EpCAM, HER2 and MUC1 specific transcripts in enriched CTC- lysates. cDNA from isolated CTC has been further used for newly optimized qPCR assays for breast tumor and therapy resistance associated genes: TOP1, TOP2A, CSTD, ST6GAL, KRT19 and reference gene actin. qPCR results have been analyzed by Genex software (MultiD Analysis). Results: 195 blood samples have been...
Research of vitreous and vitreoretinal interface in microvascular retinal disorders focussed on eye complications of diabetes mellitus
Křížová, Libuše ; Zima, Tomáš (advisor) ; Průša, Richard (referee) ; Sosna, Tomáš (referee)
In this work I present conclusions of clinical-laboratory research focused on the patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). We performed biochemical and immunochemical analyses of vitreous samples that were collected during the pars plana vitrectomy. Moreover, at patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) we assessed morphological characteristics of DME using optical coherence tomography (OCT). According to our findings, the vitreous and serum concentrations of uric acid and glucose were significantly higher in patients with diabetic retinopathy and DME compared to controls. Also total ratio (serum/ vitreous concentration) of uric acid and glucose was in diabetics significantly higher than in controls. The most important determinant of increasing concentration of both uric acid and glucose in the vitreous was the grade of diabetic retinopathy. Moreover, we demonstrated significant correlation between vitreous concentration of uric acid and concentration of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with DME and NPDR. We found further, that the volume of the macula (cube volume - CV) computed with the software of Cirrus HD-OCT correlates in diabetics significantly with the vitreous VEGF concentration, but not with uric acid. This OCT parameter could be used to...

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