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Changes in the content of gliadin protein fractions in two genotypes of winter wheat with different lengths of vegetation time depending on nitrogen fertilization with drought interaction.
Francová, Marie ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Hrstka, Miroslav (advisor)
In this diploma thesis the influence of the nitrogen fertilization and drought on the change in the content of gliadin protein fractions in two genotypes of winter wheat Avenue and Tobac was studied. These two genotypes differ in vegetation time length. Half of the plants were fertilized using nitrogen fertilizer at 200 kg N/ha. One third of the plants were cultured under the conditions of early drought (in bloom season), other one third was grown under the conditions of of late drought (grain filling season), and last third was grown under the conditions of natural irrigation. Individual gliadin fractions were separated by using A-PAGE method and their content quantified by computer densitometry. Our results have shown increase in gliadin fractions content after nitrogen fertilization. Early drought itself caused significant increase in the levels of -gliadin fractions in Tobac genotype. Early and late drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization increased levels of gliadin fractions in Tobac genotype. Early drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization had no effect on Avenue genotype, except of -gliadin fractions which decreased significantly. Late drought in combination with nitrogen fertilization caused significant increase in gliadin content in Avenue genotype. The highest increase in gliadin content was observed in fraction -5 of the Tobac variety during interaction nitrogen fertilization with late drought.
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Nutritional benefit of cricket flour
Šťastná, Martina ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
Edible insects have been part of the diet of many countries across the world for several decades. It is becoming increasingly popular in the europian developed countries, mainly because of the content of nutritionally important substances. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the characterization of edible insects in terms of nutritional benefits, explains the reasons and method of breeding edible insects. For the analysis of nutritionally active substances, flour of house cricket (Acheta domesticus) was used. A. domesticus belongs to the representatives of insects legalized from 1.1. 2018 on the EU market. Of the significantly nutritional substances, proteins, lipids, fatty acids, fiber and selected minerals were analyzed. In this study, optimalization of vertical electrophoresis SDS-PAGE was performed to determine protein fragment sizes. In the second part the influence of acricket flour addition protein bars was investigated by sensory analysis. In the experimental part that was found that cricket flour contains protein, lipids and fatty acids in significant amounts. It also contains important minerals for human health such as magnesium, potassium, iron or zinc. However, the sensory properties of protein bars for consumers were not very attractive.
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Preparation and characterization of extract from elderberry flowers
Lukšová, Leona ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the determination of conditions for the preparation of elderberry extract so that the prepared extract retains as many biologically active substances as possible and the way of preserving this extract. Furthermore, the work deals with the transmittance of already specific phenolic acids, namely chlorogenic acid, coffee and ferulic skin, through the Franc diffusion cells. In the theoretical part of the thesis there is a taxonomic classification, description and use of elderberry. Furthermore, significant active substances, in particular phenolic acids, are mentioned. beneficial effects on the skin. The anatomy of the skin and the problem of the penetration of phenolic acids through the skin are described in detail. Finally, a description of high performance liquid chromatography is provided. The experimental part is devoted to verification of optimal conditions for preparation of extract. The best option is to extract the flowers with water at 100 ° C for 10 minutes in a ratio of 1 part by weight of dry flowers and 10 parts by volume boiling water. The ratio of flowers and stems to the phenolic acid content of the extract was also investigated. In the flower extract and its thickened version, the skin permeability was examined by transdermal absorption. The aim of this experiment was to find out if and how much the above mentioned phenolic acids go through the skin. As skin membrane, pork skin from the auricle was used. All determinations of the above phenolic acids in all samples were carried out by liquid chromatography.
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Comparison of aroma active compounds of selected types of cheese
Brožová, Michaela ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the determination of aroma active substances in selected white mold cheeses, which are/are not awarded with the „Protected Designation of the European Union“ and their mutual comparison. In the theoretical part cheeses are characterised , including general production technology. The white mold cheeses are then described in detail. This is followed by the literary search dealing with the problematic of aroma active substances in cheeses. In conclusion of the theoretical part the method of their determination using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography with mass detection is described. The SPME-GC- MS method was chosen for the experimental part of the determination of aroma active substances in selected white mold cheeses. A total of 12 cheeses were analyzed, of which 6 were Czech and Slovak and 6 were French with a protected designation of origin. The differences between individual samples were found in the number and type of the identified volatile compounds. A total of 78 volatiles were identified in selected cheeses, of which 20 were alcohols, 19 esters, 12 ketones, 11 acids, 4 sulfur compounds, 3 hydrocarbons, 3 lactones, 2 aldehydes, 2 phenols, 1 nitrogen compound. The cheeses were compared in terms of the identified compounds, and finally the results were statistically evaluated by the PCA method.
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Extraction of anthocyanin pigments from black chokeberry pomace
Martinková, Patrícia ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the preparation of extract and concentrate of anthocyanin dyes from aronia moldings (Aronia melanocarpa). It also determines chemical properties important for human´s health, which are important also for further possible use of extract/concentrate as natural red food coloring. A series of extractions of dried and powdered aronia moldings was carried out in the experimental part of the thesis, aiming for the optimization the conditions of the extraction. Extracts were characterized by content of total anthocyans, content of total fenolic substances and total antioxidant activity. The best laboratory conditions for extraction were determined as follows: amount of moldings 12,5 g, composition of extraction agent ethanol:water 1:1, volume of extraction mixture 60 ml and time of the extraction 11 hours. Prepared extracts were concentrated on vacuum evaporator. It has been found that the temperature of the water bath in the vacuum evaporator can not exceed 40 °C. At higher temperatures there is significant degradation of anthocyanins. Furthemore, the content of individual anthocyanic dyes in extract and concentrate, from aronia moldings, was quantified by HPLC. The major anthocyanin, cyanidine-3-galactoside, was contained in the concentrate at 923,6 ± 8,5 mg·l-1, the other specified anthocyanin, minor cyanidine-3-glucoside, was present at a concentration of 53,5 ± 0,3 mg·l-1.
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Tumor cell lines viability testing after exposure to chemicals and chemotherapeutics
Horáčková, Lucie ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Brázda, Václav (advisor)
Individual types of viability tests based on colorimetric changes of the solution are desribed in the theoretical part. Furthermore, HSP proteins are characterized, which are not connected only by heat shock, but also during other cell stresses such as exposure to UV, cold, extreme pH or heavy metals. They are important for the cell, because they help to reformulate proteins that have been damaged by cellular stress and also bind to new unpacked proteins and ensure their correct folding. Proteins that are affected by molecular chaperones are collectively called client proteins. Some HSPs also contribute to membrane transport or degradation. These proteins are co-operative with the cochaperones, which are important for heat shock proteins because they help them to pack protein, in particular by catalyzing the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP. Herein is also described cisplatin and its derivatives, including mechanism of action and adverse effects. This work was focused on detection cytotoxicity of cisplatin and its derivatives. Cells were exposed to stress condition induced by cytostatics and huge changes in heat shock proteins and cochaperon levels were observed. There was also observed colocalization of heat shock proteins and their client protein p53 by confocal microscopy in these stressing conditions.
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Influence of aroma compounds on sensory quality of sweets
Motúzová, Eliška ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This master´s thesis is focused on determination of aroma active compounds in non-chocolate sweets and their influence on sensory quality/flavour. The theoretical part describes production of non-chocolate sweets, characterizes aroma active compounds including allergenic ones, method for their determination by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with mass detection. For experimental part were used as model samples gummy candies purchrased in regular market. Four flavors were used, specifically yellow (lemon), green (apple), red (strawberry) and orange (orange). The HS-SPME-GC-MS method was used to identify volatile aroma active compounds. To evalutate the sensory quality were used scales, a profile test, and a time course evaluation. Owerall 120 volatille compounds were identified including 8 allergens.
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Legal status of persons taking care of children in the labor market
Seemanová, Jana ; Vysokajová, Margerita (advisor) ; Štangová, Věra (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (referee)
Legal status of persons taking care of children in the labor market This dissertation deals with the legal status of persons taking care of children with respect to their participation in the labor market. The dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal status of these persons, focusing especially on the employees' work-life balance. The dissertation deals in particular with the issues of working conditions of pregnant women, breastfeeding employees and employed mothers in the period of nine months after childbirth, and employees taking care of a child. The dissertation analyses the legal regulations of individual labor law institutes in relation to person taking care of children such as part-time work. The dissertation analyses atypical employment relationships resulting from the need to care of a child. In addition to providing an analysis of the current legislative framework, the dissertation also deals with contemporary case law, in particular the judicial decisions concerning part-time work. The dissertation describes overlaps with other areas of law, i.e. social security law and tax law, and identifies new trends such as the development of childcare services, in particular for children under three years of age, and process getting shorter parental leave resulting from changes...
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Regulatory developments allowance for care
Pechan, Lubomír ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor) ; Koldinská, Kristina (referee)
The topic of this rigorous thesis is the development of regulatory social security of "helpless persons" - individuals suffering from long-term health problems that are severe and functionally debilitating enough to necessitate the care and assistance of another. I attempt to track the development of social security of the helpless from its beginnings shortly after the emergence of Czechoslovakia as an independent state in 1918 to the present day - a period of nearly one hundred years. My aim is to create an in-depth, exhaustive description of the development of the legal basis for the "helplessness allowance" (currently defined as carer's allowance), as well as to evaluate the consequences of the various changes to the law and their impact on the current state of the relevant legal framework. I believe that my readers will be interested in the opportunity to track how the legal basis of helplessness- or care dependence- related social security transfers has evolved from a brief, rather sparse chapter of the Social Security Code, one which was seen for many decades as little more than a necessary addendum to the code, into a self-contained, highly sophisticated area of social security law. This work should make clear the impulses and reasons for the emergence of important new and modified...
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