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Microbial synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB)]
Dugová, Hana ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Kovalčík, Adriána (advisor)
This diploma thesis studied the ability of Cupriavidus malaysiensis, Delftia acidovorans and Azohydromonas lata to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate), [P(3HB-co-4HB)], by using -butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol as carbon substrates. The objective of this work was the production and characterisation of isolated polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). The theoretical part deals with the basic description and classification of polyhydroxyalkanoates. Next, the biosyntheses of the most investigated PHAs were described. The practical section of the work discusses and presents the output of the cultivation of five bacterial strains selected for the production of [P(3HB-co-4HB)], namely, Cupriavidus malaysiensis (DSM 19379), Delftia acidovorans (DSM 39), Delftia acidovorans (CCM 2410), Delftia acidovorans (CCM 283) and Azohydromonas lata (CCM 4448). The effect of the modified cultivation conditions for each of the used bacteria on the PHA production yields was discussed. The produced biomass after the cultivation was characterised spectrophotometrically, gravimetrically and by gas chromatography. Polymers were isolated from the biomass by the extraction in chloroform. The isolated polymers were characterised from the viewpoint of chemical composition, molecular weight and thermal properties by using Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, Size exclusion chromatography, Differential scanning calorimetry and Thermogravimetric analysis.
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Preservative systems for natural cosmetics
Koblasová, Dana ; Veselá, Mária (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of naturally derived preservatives against selected microorganisms. Theoretical part is focused on description of the most used natural, naturally derived and synthetic preservatives, on the safety of preservatives and finally, the issue of contamination of cosmetic products by microorganisms. In experimental part, antimicrobial activity of 4 naturally derived preservatives was evaluated against selected microorganisms, which were bacteria Micrococcus luteus, Kocuria rosea, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Serratia marcescens and one yeast Candida vini. The tested preservatives were from MinaSolve company - E-LEEN Green A, which contains pentylene glycol and phenylpropanol, E-LEEN Green OR, which is composed of citrus extracts, citric acid, ascorbic acid and pentylene glycol, Green B, which contains benzoic acid, sodium benzoate and pentylene glycol and Hexam+, which is a mixture of pentylene glycol and hexamidin diisethionate. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar diffusion method. The highest antimicrobial activity showed Hexam+, the lowest E-LEEN Green OR. E-LEEN Green A and Green B did not show any antimicrobial activity against any microorganism in the 1% tested concentration. The measured values of the inhibition zones show that the most resistant microorganisms from all the tested in this thesis are Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis and the least resistant are Micrococcus luteus and Kocuria rosea.
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Utilization of bees products in cosmetics
Kobza, Martin ; Bednář, Michal (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the problem of utilization of bees products in cosmetics. The aim of this thesis was to elaborate a literature review focused on individual bee products, their properties and their utilization in cosmetics. Honey, beeswax, propolis, pollen, royal jelly, apisin are said to be the bee products. Properties, utilization, determination of kvalitative properties and aplication into cosmetic products of individual bee products are mentioned in this thesis. Beeswax is used in production of lipsticks, creams and for basis of smears (oily creams). Royal jelly is aplicated into lotions, face masks, lipsticks, night creams, hair waters, hydration preparations etc. Honey is used for preparation of shower gels, soaps, body milks, hydration creams. Propolis is added into creams, body milks, body lotions, shampoos, lipsticks, soaps and mouth sprays. Pollen has significant content of vitamins, aminoacids and other substances in nature form for cosmetics. These substances are important for nutrition, regeneration and hydration of skin. Apisin is used in pharmacologic preparations, like healing creams and smears.
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Biologically active substances of the Gotu kola plant
Šumberová, Michaela ; Nábělek, Jakub (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
The Bachelor thesis focuses on the preparation and characterization of the extract of Gotu kola (Centella asiatica). The theoretical part summarizes commonly analyzed groups of biologically active compounds of herbs and introduces potential applications of the extract in food industry. Moreover, an overview of possibly used extraction methods and analytical methods for the evaluation of biologically active compounds of the extract are presented. As for the experiment, the extract of the fresh Centella asiatica herb was prepared by maceration in ethanol and then analyzed by three chosen methods. The total phenolic content of the extract analyzed by the Folin-Ciocalteu test was 0.74 ± 0.08 mgGAE·g-1. As for the quantification of antioxidant activity, the TEAC test was performed and the antioxidant activity of the extract was 289 ± 81 µg·ml-1. The volatiles present in the extract were identified by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry in combination with solid-phase micro-extraction. Sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbons were the most dominant group of the extract, in which -farnesene (33.28 %), -caryophyllene (25.01 %), and -humulene (20.91 %) were the major compounds.
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Possibilities of determination of metalocompounds present in living systems
Hauerlandová, Petra ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Vitoulová, Eva (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of metallomics. There are explained basic concepts and definitions, differences between the metal-binding proteins and metalloproteins. This thesis also deals with metallothioneins and theirs basic types. The study describes possible interactions of metals and organic compounds. Attention is paid to interactions between metals and peptides or proteins. There are given examples of some essential metals, which are linked to important organic compounds, which are necessary for the proper function of the organism. Mainly there are described enzymes necessary for the human body. There are also referred organic compounds of toxic metals. Another part of the thesis is devoted to analytical methods used for determination of metallocompounds. There are described methods for separation and detection, which are combined for qualification and quantification of metallocompounds. There are referred examples of the determination of some metallocompounds.
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Aronia as a raw material for cosmetic production
Palkovská, Kateřina ; Sýkora, Michal (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with extraction of polyphenols from fruits and leaves of aronia and consequent use of obtained extract in cosmetic production. In the theoretical part are information about the origin of the aronia, the botanical characteristics of Aronia Melanocarpa and about its utilization. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the plant material of the aronia is described, which is also common for fruits. At the end of the theoretical part are described extraction and separation techniques, methods of determination of total polyphenolic compounds and brief characteristics of the material safety data sheet. The experimental part describes the optimization of the prepared extract so that the extract contains as many polyphenolic compounds as possible. 50% ethanol at room temperature was shown to be optimal for leaf and fruit extraction, and the maceration time was found to have a significant effect on the polyphenolic compounds obtained. For the obtained optimized macerate, some chemical and physical properties such as pH, density, refractive index were determined for the purpose of producing a material safety data sheet and product specification. At the end of the experimental part were prepared cosmetic products with the addition of macerate from crushed aronia fruits.
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Biopolymer particles based on polyhydroxybutyrate
Gregušková, Zuzana ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Přikryl, Radek (advisor)
This Bachelor´s thesis deals with preparation of abrasive particles from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and their optimization for cosmetics usage. It explores morphology of prepared particles and its effect on their abrasive ability. Moreover, it compares abrasive effectiveness of prepared particles with those commercially available. Several types of preparation methods of biopolymer particles such as milling, fibre spinning, pelletisation and solution preparation were carried out and optimized. Prepared particles were analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Semi-automatic system for testing of abrasiveness of prepared particles was made up from basic parts of 3D printing machine. This device was tested and calibrated using floral foam and sandpaper with different grades of granularity and used for comparison of abrasiveness of prepared particles. Mechanical response of particles under pressure was also investigated. It was found out that measured mechanical properties correlate with the data from abrasiveness test. Size and shape of particles, their morphology, mechanical properties and abrasiveness can be controlled depending on the preparation method used. Selected prepared and commercial abrasive particles were applied into prepared cosmetic foundations for peeling with the goal of sensory evaluation of abrasive effectiveness of prepared particles.
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Profile of fatty acids in Edam type cheese
Babištová, Lucie ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This bachelros thesis is focused on identification and qualification of free and bound fatty acids in edam type cheese. The samples were produced in Univarsity of Tomáš Baťa in Zlín. The theorytical part characterizes the cheese, their classification, composition and production process. This part also contains description of fats, fatty acids and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. In the experimental part the contents of free and bound fatty acids in the model samples, produced using combination of microbial cultures are determined and compared. The method described in EN ISO 1735:2005 was used for extraction of lipids from the samples. Fatty acids were converted to methylesters by acidic esterification with methanolic solution of bortrifluoride as a catalyst. Then the fatty acids were assessed using the gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The total number of 17 fatty acids in both free and bound form were assessed in samples. Unequivocal influence of addition of thermophilic culters on the contents of fatty acids cannot be proven.
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Assessment of chosen aroma compounds in foods
Greifenthalová, Ivana ; Zemanová, Jana (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the problematic of assessment of 26 most important allergenic aroma compounds in foods, flavoured herbal teas were chosen as the model samples. Aroma is the one of the main characteristics of tea, which is closely linked to taste and odour. The theoretical part of this work is focused on the characteristics of tea, tea types, producing technology, classification according to the fermentation and also their undeniable impact on the human organism. In the experimental part, the allergenic aroma compounds in 10 chosen samples of flavoured tea were identified and quantified using the solid phase microextraction (SPME-GC-FID) in conjunction with gas chromatography. The work also includes sensory evaluation of taste and smell of tea samples by qualified assessors.
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Principles and utilization of cosmetotextiles
Škrabalová, Lada ; Omelková, Jiřina (referee) ; Zemanová, Jana (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to create a literature review about cosmetotextile. Cosmetotextile is the combination of the cosmetic industry and the textile industry. The future of the textile industry is represented by the progress of new kinds of technical textiles, that are based on revolutionary technologies, innovative materials and utilization. This means developement of new products with high added-value properties, for example application of antimicrobial and UV-protective agents, fragrances, anti-cellulite treatments or skin softeners. Such textile finishes are both important commercial target and challenge for technical developement. This thesis focuses on the field of intelligent textiles and combination of textile and cosmetics. It digests agents, that are used and their effects and describes the principle of microencapsulation, which is a very important principle applied here.
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