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Růst Mycobacterium smegmatis na agarovém médiu a agarovém médiu pokrytém celofánovou folií - morfologická a proteomová studie
Ramaniuk, Volha ; Weiser, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Beranová, Jana (referee)
Biofilm formation is one of the most common bacterial survival strategies. Majority of bacterial species are able to form these three-dimensional structures, including pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Representatives of Mycobacterium genus widely occur in the nature, although they can cause serious problems when they appear in medical equipment and artificial replacements of the human body. Non-pathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155 was used as a model organism in our experiments. We investigated morphology of the three- and six-day-old colonies (in fact biofilms) on agar and agar covered with cellophane using Stereo microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope. We found that a type of surface as well as a carbon source has a great influence on the morphology of the M. smegmatis colonies. We isolated proteomes from the agar and cellophane cultures and from planktonic culture. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used as the main proteomic method. Proteomic data were analyzed using PDQuest software. Then the sets of proteins detected by qualitative and quantitative analyses were compared using Venn diagrams. As a result, we recognized 7 unique proteins that might be specific for recognition and adhesion of bacteria to the cellophane, no unique protein in agar proteome and 46 unique...
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Mycobacterium smegmatis biofilm formation om glass and zirkonia beads-proteomic study
Sitařová, Barbora ; Weiser, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Zikánová, Blanka (referee)
Biofilms represent universal strategy for bacterial survival. Living in form of biofilms, bacteria acquire wide range of advantages over planktonically growing cultures. It can be assumed that nearly 99% of world bacterial population is living in form of biofilms. There are benefits and drawbacks associated with bacterial biofilms for mankind. Life in biofilms makes pathogens more effective and persistent through higher antibiotic resistance and helps them to hide before immune system of the host. Mycobacteria, which are capable of forming biofilms on variety of surfaces, differ from most of other bacteria by unique composition of their cell wall. It provides them with high resistance against physical or chemical damage. This is one of the reasons for considering Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a highly potent pathogen. The studies of mycobacterial biofilms are motivated by effort to improve or find new therapeutic methods. This work is aimed at morphological and proteomic comparative analyses of biofilms obtained from Mycobacterium smegmatis grown on surface of glass and silica/zirconium beads, on liquid medium surface or grown submerged in shaken planktonic culture. We have developed technique for preparation of "floating" biofilm sample to be observed in SEM. We have shown that the growth of...
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Birds in teaching at secondary schools with new knowledge in the field
Weiser, Jiří ; Řezníček, Jan (advisor) ; Kopřivová, Kateřina (referee)
In the introduction of theoretical part of diploma thesis is tabularly summed up the systém of birds classification. Other parts are focused not only on general issues and commonly used themes in school textbooks, popular literature and educational media, but also to highlight specific features, characteristic only for the birds. These themes are historical and evolutional questions, cover morphology, the effect of the senses, body structury and function of organs. In detail is analyzed the issue of body composition and skeletal system of birds. In the final sections are mentioned specialities in the behavior and communication between birds and their habits. The practical part includes a SWOT analysis of available textbooks for the four-year gymnasium with regard to the chapters and information about the animal class of birds. The data analyzed in the textbook can only be considered as basic with need to extend and complement by the teacher. Attached to the diploma thesis are two presentations in Powerpoint, containing basic information and specific features, characteristic only for birds. The presentations are created worksheets. For reference classes was developed as a lab practical examination of selected thematic blocks, memorized theoretical interpretation. Students' knowledge of the...
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Streptomycetes surface growth and differentiation on inert microbeads- morphology and proteome study
Tesařová, Eva ; Weiser, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Lichá, Irena (referee)
Streptomyces, filamentous Gram-positive bacteria are producers of more than 70% of antibiotics used in human therapy and agriculture. They are remarkable because of their complex life cycle (morphological differentiation) which leads to a formation of dormant spores able to survive unfavorable living conditions and allowing long-term survival of the organism. Soil represents their mostly natural living environment. In laboratory conditions they are cultivated in liquid media or on agar. We have developed in our laboratory two phase cultivation system which allows quantitative and reproducible preparation of samples for proteomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of Streptomycetes differentiation. The system is composed of inert micro- beads submerged in liquid medium. We used two types of micro-beads in our studies, glass and zirconia/silica beads. We followed the surface growth and differentiation of Streptomycetes on both types of beads using optical and electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. We observed major growth and higher antibiotic production on glass beads. Another difference we observed was in size and shape of colonies. In further research, using comparative proteomics, we attempted to identify proteins which might be responsible for recognition and adhesion of Streptomycetes to...
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Bacterial biofilm formation
Sochorová, Zuzana ; Weiser, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Zikánová, Blanka (referee)
Biofilms are formed by microorganisms living together in a hydrated extracellular matrix. Formation of such clusters of bacteria brings many benefits. The increased resistance to antibiotics is the main one. Creating a biofilm is analogous to the development of multicellular organisms. Biofilm cells communicate with each other with signaling molecules. Signaling molecules make the biofilm more compact structure. Extracellular matrix, in which bacteria live, maintains biofilm structure, affects cell adhesion and protects cells against environmental influences. Bacteria also interact with the environment through the extracellular matrix. The matrix is composed of various biopolymers and proteins. Biofilms are a common cause of infections associated with implants. There are several ways to prevent bacteria in biofilm to antibiotics. These include a slow diffusion of substances, a slow growth or an adaptation to stress. The formation of persistent cells that are tolerant to the antibiotics is the cause of their survival as well as a new population may arise from them. The surface proteins are important elements for the formation of biofilms, they facilitate adhesion and subsequent establishment of biofilm. A protein Bap was the first identified protein. Later its homologues were found, such as BapA,...
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Analysis of intracellular pathogen Francisella tularensis expression upon cultivation under stressfull conditions and during the interaction with a host cell
Lenčo, Juraj ; Stulík, Jiří (advisor) ; Rychlík, Ivan (referee) ; Weiser, Jaroslav (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Lékařská fakulta v Hradci Králové Analýza exprese intracelulárního patogena Francisella tularensis kultivovaného za stresových podmínek a v průběhu interakce s hostitelskou buňkou Autoreferát dizertační práce Mgr. Juraj Lenčo Hradec Králové 2007 2 Dizertační práce byla vypracována v rámci doktorského studijního programu lékařská biologie na Ústavu lékařské biologie a genetiky Lékařské fakulty v Hradci Králové, Univerzity Karlovy v Praze a Ústavu molekulární patologie Fakulty vojenského zdravotnictví Hradec Králové, Univerzita obrany Brno. Uchazeč: Mgr. Juraj Lenčo Ústav molekulární patologie, Fakulta vojenského zdravotnictví Hradec Králové, Univerzita obrany Brno. Školitel: Doc. MUDr. Jiří Stulík, CSc. Ústav molekulární patologie, Fakulta vojenského zdravotnictví Hradec Králové, Univerzita obrany Brno Školitel konzultant: Prof. MUDr. RNDr. Miroslav Červinka, CSc. Ústav lékařské biologie a genetiky, Lékařská fakulta v Hradci Králové, Univerzita Karlova v Praze Oponenti: RNDr. Ivan Rychlík, Ph.D. Oddělení bakteriologie Výzkumný ústav veterinárního lékařství Brno RNDr. Jaroslav Weiser, CSc. Mikrobiologický ústav Akademie věd České republiky Stanovisko k dizertační práci vypracovala oborová rada oboru lékařská biologie akreditovaného na Ústavu lékařské biologie a genetiky Lékařské...
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Molecular Phylogeny, Biology and Classification of the Microsporidia (Microsporidia,Fungi) According to the Model Groups from Caddis Flies (Insecta, Trichoptera) and Butterflies (Insecta, Lepidoptera).
Hyliš, Miroslav ; Vávra, Jiří (advisor) ; Koudela, Břetislav (referee) ; Weiser, Jaroslav (referee)
RESULTS: Theresultsof thePh.D.thesiscanbesummarizedinto4 thematicareas: l ) screeningand experimentaldataconcemingthe prevalence,genusand speciesdiversíty. hostandtissuespeciťrcityand of ecological. pathofyziologicalcharactersof infectionsand of theirtransmission. 2) classificationandtaxonomystudies 3) resultsofsequencingfollowedby phylogenyanalysis 4) resultsoťcomparativestudybasedon summarizeddata Ad r) T\."enty-fourmicrosporidiafrom Trichopteraand Lepidopteraas well as 5 microsporidiafrom potentialintermediatehosts (Crustacea,Amphipoda) were isolatedand screenedusing light andelectronmicroscopyandmolecularbiologymethods.The screenedorganismsrepresented thefollolving generain theconventionalclassificationof Microsporidia (Canrringand Vávra, 2000)ů,osema(7). Endoreticulatus (3), C1lstosporogenes(2). Thelohania (4), Gurleya (1), Cougourdella(l), Pyrotheca(l), Episeptum(5), Toxoglugea(1),Larssoniella (2),unresolved isolates(2)(thenumberofspeciesexaminedin respectivegenerais givenin parentheses). The publications(l-3) and the abstract(8) reportthe ecologicaland experimentaldataon the prevalence,hostand tissue specificity and transmission of l0 examinedmicrosporidia.The :.';!:rtion(.1)and the abstract (7) describe ecological and experimentaldata on several 'f microsporidiaof theglpsy moth,Lymantria dispar...
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