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Possibilities of using 3D laser scanning in geotechnical practise
Kukutsch, Radovan ; Kajzar, Vlastimil ; Šňupárek, Richard ; Waclawik, Petr
We are experiencing the penetration of modern and smart technologies in all sectors of human activity, including mining and geotechnics. One of these technologies is 3D laser scanning, which has seen significant technological advancements over the last decade and has become an integral part of underground construction monitoring as a tool to enable comprehensive, accurate and unbiased capture of the spatial situation in digital form. This development was behind the fact that since 2013, 3D laser scanner has been used by the Institute of Geonics of the Czech Academy of Sciences as a necessary part of the geotechnical monitoring of mine works, when it is possible to precisely detect and quantify the time-space changes caused by man's intervention in the rock mass compared to the traditional established measuring methods. A leading project of recent years was the monitoring of the strain stress state of the rock massif during the 30th seam extraction during the trial operation of the Room and Pillar extraction method in the CSM Mine shaft safety pillar where, besides many other measuring instruments, 3D laser scanning was used for the convergence measuring of roadways, especially for capturing any deformation changes on the permanent pillars. A complementary function was the comparative evaluation with the results of other tools, e.g. with data measured by horizontal extensometers. The subject of the article will be a general description of the possibilities of using 3D laser scanning in geotechnical practice on spatial data acquired during the monitoring lasting almost 3.5 years, when important phenomena were detected in the movement of the pillar walls and the floor heave in the CSM Mine in the tens of cm, sometimes up to 100 cm.
Bolts loading in the stronly stressed rock mass
Waclawik, Petr ; Sahendra, Ram ; Šňupárek, Richard
The trial test of new mining method “Roadway-Pillar” was finished at the underground coal mine – ČSM Mine. The wide ranging monitoring was focused on the load bearing capacity of coal pillars and strata deformation changes induced by the roadway-pillar mining method. The results of monitoring allowed bolts loading and loading characteristics to be described. Further, an attempt is made to understand the rock bolt loading characteristics at different stages of rib dilation using numerical modelling with the available properties of rock mass and reinforcement for the studied site. Elastic and Mohr Coulomb strain-softening constitutive models are considered in FLAC3D to evaluate the performance of the rock bolts.
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Structural mapping of exploration boreholes walls within first phase - Safety boreholes for Boxcut
Waclawik, Petr ; Souček, Kamil ; Vavro, Martin ; Kukutsch, Radovan ; Ram, S.
Structural-geological analysis, i.e. core fracturing assessment within the boxcut safety\nborehole was carried out on the basis of optical televiewer record evaluation. In general,\noptical televiewer (OPTV) probe provides a continuous, unwrapped, high-resolution digital\n360° image of the borehole-walls oriented towards the cardinal points. This technique\nprovides information about the strike, dip direction, dip angle and depth of foliation, bedding\nplanes and fractures, as well as the frequency, aperture and infillings of fractures. Information\nabout spatial characteristics of structural elements is one of its indisputable advantages and\nallows for subsequent statistical evaluations.\nThe structural mapping of boreholes of Boxcut safety boreholes were carried out within the\ncontract of IG CAS (Contract No. D/18/156/00) GEOMET, s.r.o. (as a customer, contract No.\n01/2018). The aim of the contractual research was the realisation and interpretation of the\nfractures by digital logging of boreholes walls.
Obtaining data from the deep horizons of the Rožná Mine
Bukovská, Z. ; Bohdálek, P. ; Buda, J. ; Dobeš, P. ; Filipský, D. ; Franěk, J. ; Havlová, V. ; Chabr, T. ; Knés, I. ; Kryl, J. ; Kříbek, B. ; Laufek, F. ; Leichmann, J. ; Navrátil, P. ; Pořádek, P. ; Rosendorf, T. ; Soejono, I. ; Sosna, K. ; Souček, Kamil ; Šustková, E. ; Švagera, O. ; Vavro, Leona ; Vavro, Martin ; Veselovský, F. ; Waclawik, Petr ; Zuna, M.
This report summarizes the work and partial results made under the Public Procurement Obtaining Data from the deep horizons of the Rožná Mine in the first phase of the third and fourth subdivisions from February to November 2018. These are in particular technical works (boreholes, access to corridors),seismic measurements, sampling for laboratory analysis (physical-mechanical properties of rocks, breakage fills, bearing revalidation), structural characterization of the rockanalytical work on all samples taken. Parallel to these works3D models are being prepared, especially data preparation for modeling.
Roadways stability within coal excavation by room and pillar mining method at the great depths
Šňupárek, Richard ; Waclawik, Petr ; Kukutsch, Radovan
In order to verify the stress-strain state of mining using the room and pillar method at a depth of up to 900 m below the surface, an extensive system of geotechnical monitoring and observation of deformations and surface movement was implemented. Based on the results of the stress-strain monitoring, detailed analysis of roadway stability from the point of view of the convergence, deformation behavior of the surrounding rock mass and the function of the reinforcement used in the two monitored areas with different geological and operational conditions was carried out.
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Stability of corridors in the coal-pillar excavation process at deep depths
Šňupárek, Richard ; Waclawik, Petr ; Kukutsch, Radovan
In order to verify the stress-strain manifestations of the corridor-pillar excavation at a depth of up to 900 m below the surface, an extensive system of geotechnical monitoring and observation of deformations and surface movement was implemented. Based on the results of the stress-strain monitoring, detailed analysis of corridor stability from the point of view of the convergence, deformation behavior of the surrounding rock mass and the function of the reinforcement used in the two monitored areas with different geological and operational conditions was carried out.
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Authentication of real rock mass field voltage to increase safety in anomalous stress states
Koníček, Petr ; Staš, Lubomír ; Ptáček, Jiří ; Kaláb, Tomáš ; Chura, Jan ; Souček, Kamil ; Waclawik, Petr
Voltage fields are one of the key factors that, decisively, along with the mechanical and remodeling properties of rocks, greatly influence the behavior of the mountain massif. Knowledge of stress fields is beneficial for the design and successful implementation of geotechnical underground projects (eg for the assessment of the stability of underground spaces, the behavior of proposed reinforcements of underground structures, for space-time placement of underground structures) especially in non-trivial geomechanical conditions, both in terms of natural factors affecting stress fields structural and geological structure of the rock mass, tectonic stress, cracks and discontinuity in the rock mass) as well as anthropogenic factors (geomechanical configuration of the underground spaces and dynamics of their changes). Geotechnical practice in our (Czech) conditions is usually used only calculations of a voltage field based primarily on the theoretical behavior of the rocks and the assumed vertical geostatic pressure at a given depth. The development of possible progressive deformations of the stress field is then derived from the development of anthropogenic interventions into a relatively homogeneous massif. In fact, tension is also affected by close geological structures. The data obtained from the study of the magnitude, direction and change of stress in the mountain massif are a significant contribution in mathematical modeling where they can be used as input parameters to obtain a more accurate picture of the behavior of mountain massifs and underground structures in the subject areas.
Obtaining data from the deep horizons of the Rožná mine - realization project of work
Švagera, O. ; Bukovská, Z. ; Souček, Kamil ; Vavro, Martin ; Waclawik, Petr ; Sosna, K. ; Havlová, V. ; Zuna, M. ; Jankovský, F. ; Filipský, D. ; Chabr, T. ; Navrátil, P. ; Mixa, P. ; Soejono, I. ; Laufek, F. ; Kříbek, B. ; Leichmann, J. ; Zeman, J.
Realization project summarizes the planned work, its progress and continuity within the environment of Rožná I mine in the extent of the procurement „Získání dat z hlubokých horizontů dolu Rožná“ which is being compiled by Hluboké hluboké horizonty Rožná group. The final goal is to clarify the significance and spatial influence of major tectonic fault on surrounding rock mass. The results will help to clarify localization and safety issues of the potential deep underground repository, especially with respect to the Kraví hora locality.
Final research report to the project PB-2014-ZL-U2301-004-BUKOV
Souček, Kamil ; Vavro, Martin ; Staš, Lubomír ; Kaláb, Zdeněk ; Koníček, Petr ; Georgiovská, Lucie ; Kaláb, Tomáš ; Konečný, Pavel ; Kolcun, Alexej ; Králová, Lucie ; Kubina, Lukáš ; Lednická, Markéta ; Malík, Josef ; Martinec, Petr ; Ptáček, Jiří ; Vavro, Leona ; Waclawik, Petr ; Zajícová, Vendula
Bukov Underground Research Facility (Bukov URF) has been built as a test site to assess the properties and behaviour of the rock mass analogous to selected candidate sites. It is situated at a depth corresponding to the proposed storage depth of the final locality for the Czech Republic´s deep repository of high-level radioactive waste. Bukov URF is located in the Vysočina Region, the cadastral district of Bukov, approx. 3 km south-eastwards from the municipality of Dolní Rožínka. The underground research facility is placed approx. 300 m from the Bukov-1 shaft, namely on the level 12 of the shaft, at the depth of about 550 – 600 meters below the Earth’s surface. As for the regional geology, Bukov URF is found at the southern part of the Rožná uranium deposit, at the north-eastern edge of the Strážek Moldanubicum close to its contact with the Svratka Unit. The rock mass is composed of a relatively monotonous sequence of differently migmatized biotite gneisses to stromatic migmatites, continuing with amphibole-biotite to biotite-amphibole gneisses and amphiboles, with occasional fine intercalations of aplites, pegmatites or calc-silicate rocks (erlanes). Between 2013 and 2017 and within the complex geotechnical characterization of the Bukov URF, the Institute of Geonics of the Czech Academy of Sciences (Ústav geoniky AV ČR, v.v.i.) in Ostrava carried out a series of laboratory and field works in order to provide a detailed description of the geotechnical and geomechanical properties and quality of the rock mass. The works included the determination and assessment of the physical-mechanical properties of the rocks sampled from the walls, boreholes and ground surface in the locality, the determination of stress state and deformation properties of the rock mass using the methods of hydrofracturing of borehole walls, Goodman Jack and CCBO, or CCBM, determination of the rock mass quality based on selected index geomechanical properties, periodic, long-term strain-gauge measurements and convergence measurements, and the assessment of the effect of technical and mine-induced seismicity on the rock mass of interest. The implemented set of research works was supposed to render a sufficient and integral whole of geotechnical and geomechanical knowledge vital for the subsequent implementation of extensive research experiments focused on long-term safety and technical feasibility of the future national deep repository of radioactive waste.
Elevation measurements in the northern area of the Doubrava mining areas and Karvina Doly I in 2017
Kajzar, Vlastimil ; Waclawik, Petr ; Staš, Lubomír
In the northern area of the mining quarters Doubrava and Karviná Doly I, the mining works are carried out at the boundary of the Dětmarovice and Doubrava Regional Authority. For this reason, the points in this area are stabilized on a regular basis twice a year in order to determine possible mine effects on surface and surface objects. Since 2014, the Institute of Geonics ASCR, v.v.i., Ostrava has been chosen as the contractor of these works. In June and November 2017, the campaign measures planned for this year were carried out, during which a total of 4 inter-related leveling routes were created.

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