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Cultivation of Trematodes
Vrbová, Kristýna ; Kašný, Martin (advisor) ; Chanová, Marta (referee)
Many of Trematode species are serious pathogens of human and animals; therefore they are the subjects of intensive investigation. The successful in vitro cultivation of these organisms could represent the first step for further sophisticated experiments focused on characterization of crucial biological processes related to the particular phases of fluke life cycle or for the studies focused on testing the anthelmintic effect of various compounds. This thesis reviews majority of information published in relation to in vitro cultivation of Trematodes. It shows that for many Trematode families is our knowledge of culturing methods very limited. In contrast to the first attempts to cultivate some species of Trematodes about 100 years ago, nowadays we dispose of technologies enabling to cultivate particular live cells isolated from different tissues of flukes. Some of the cultivation media originally used for cell cultures are now commercially available and they were successfully used for cultivation of whole worms. Nevertheless, we still haven't been able to continuously cultivate a Trematode species by using an egg at the beginning and finish with fully developed adult producing eggs. However, there are some partially successful experiments in which development of particular life stages of some flukes has been...
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Suicidal behaviour in adolescent age
Vrbová, Kristýna ; Chudomelová, Lenka (advisor)
The present thesis aims to concentrate available sources of scientific literature on adolescent suicidal behavior, which would also provide a tutu on certain issues holistic view. In the introductory part of the thesis points to the fact that suicidal behavior is being explored especially psychiatric disciplines because in psychiatric disorders are at high risk of suicidal behavior. The seriousness of this issue and the benefit of that statistical data on both the domestic and the World Health Organization, the number of suicide attempts and suicides are mentioned also the trends per decade for the Czech Republic (from r. 1990). In the next part of the thesis are presented in various forms of suicidal behavior with an indication of the usual motivation, quantitative data on the most frequently used methods of suicide in this country and abroad. In connection with the study of adolescent suicidal behavior are also explored in parallel manifestations of self-harm, stating the characteristic differences. The analysis of risk factors for suicidal behavior in children and adolescents. Special attention is paid to the influence of the family, the school environment, the role of their own state of health, religion, social situation, etc. Separately are analyzed negative effects of drug addiction. Attention is also...
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Effect of oxidative stress on antioxidant systems, telomere length and telomerase activity in \kur{Locusta migratoria}
VRBOVÁ, Kristýna
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. Oxidative stress generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) occurs when protection of antioxidants fails or when an amount of ROS is too high. Telomeres, regions of repetitive nucleotide sequences at the end of chromosomes, are especially sensitive to oxidative stress because they contain a lot of guanine which is often oxidised. Antioxidants play an important role in protection against oxidative stress. In this thesis I analysed the effect of oxidative stress caused by paraquat on activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and telomere length in Locusta migratoria. I also studied differences in telomere length between locusts of various development stages and telomerase activity in locusts and other Orthoptera.
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Genetic variability of dung beetles on pastures.
VRBOVÁ, Kristýna
The aim of this thesis was a research of the genetic variability of 8 populations of the dung beetle Aphodius prodromus using allozyme markers. Following population-genetic analysis were used to determine genetic structure of these populations: estimates of heterozygosity, Wright´s F- statistics, estimates of gene flow, Mantel test, PCA, Nei´s genetic distance, testing of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium. The results revealed low gene flow between populations, low number of heterozygotes and disequilibrium within and between populations. Cluster analyses showed, that populations from Tichá and Rychnov nad Malší-hřbitov are genetically most different from other populations.
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