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Essays on Health Economics and Health Policy
Votápková, Jana ; Gregor, Martin (advisor) ; Stavrunova, Olena (referee) ; Horný, Michal (referee) ; Menclová, Andrea (referee)
Dissertation Thesis: Essays on Health Economics and Health Policy Author: PhDr. Jana Votápková Advisor: doc. PhDr. Martin Gregor, Ph.D. Academic year: 2019/2020 This dissertation thesis is a collection of three applied economics essays and a comprehensive discussion essay which includes policy recommendations resulting from the empirical essays included in this dissertation thesis, and other early work of the author. The topics analyzed were motivated by recent Czech healthcare reforms that address the recommendations raised by the OECD. Firstly, efficiency of Czech general hospitals is analyzed stressing the need for a well-functioning DRG system. Secondly, inpatient user charges which were introduced in 2008 and abolished shortly after, are analyzed as a tool which increases private participation in healthcare expenses and thus may boost healthcare efficiency both through additional resources and reduction of excess demand for healthcare services. Thirdly, personal savings, pre-retirement savings in particular, are viewed as another private source which could ease the tight public healthcare and pension budgets. It is shown that health status is a positive determinant for pre-retirement liquid savings, thus preventive health programs should be given a priority within the Czech healthcare system.
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Do family policies really affect fertility levels?
Jiráková, Zuzana ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
One of the main objectives of family policies in countries with low fertility levels is to stimulate birth rates and incentivize the citizens to have more children. Nevertheless, the research on whether this objective is being met remains inconclusive. In this thesis, we analyze two reforms which took place in the Czech Republic in 1995 and 2008, which adjusted the period of reception of the parental allowance. We use data from selected European OECD countries along with the synthetic control approach to construct a synthetic counterpart to the Czech Republic which gives us an idea about how fertility levels would have developed if the interventions did not take place. In both cases, 1995 reform and 2008 reform, we do not find any conclusive evidence that the interventions affected fertility levels in the Czech Republic. Moreover, we observe a change in the trend of total fertility rate about 2 years before each reform which suggests that these reforms were more likely reactions to changing fertility rates rather than remedies. JEL Classification J13, J17, J11, J12, E61, E65, F68 Keywords fertility, family policy, synthetic control estimator, parental allowance, parental leave Author's e-mail 31609261@fsv.cuni.cz Supervisor's e-mail barbara.pertold-gebicka@fsv.cuni.cz
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The correlations of economic changes to the super luxury car sector
Hönig, Maximilian ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
Within the thesis, the effects of macroeconomic and societal changes on the sale of Ferrari automobiles is examined. The main focus of this thesis is to discover, whether known factors, influencing luxury goods and total car sales, are also relevant for super luxury sport cars. This is done, by regressing Ferrari sales and total car sales on these factors and comparing the results to the ones for normal car sales, in each of the analyzed regions.
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Health technology assessment: case study on breast carcinoma treatment in the Czech Republic
Šlegerová, Lenka ; Bryndová, Lucie (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
Health technology assessment: case study on breast carcinoma treatment in the Czech Republic Bc. Lenka Šlegerová January 4, 2019 Abstract This thesis proposes an original method for assessing total costs of med- ical treatment. It defines the semi-Markov model with four states that are associated with specific costs of the treatment, and not with patients' health statuses. This method is applied to individuals' treatment data drawn from the Czech clinical practice in the treatment of the metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. The aim is to assess the cost-effectiveness of adding medication per- tuzumab to the combination of trastuzumab+docetaxel within first-line therapy and to examine whether using individual data on Czech patients and the economic conditions leads to different results from foreign stud- ies. Furthermore, employing censored data from the clinical practice in the thesis complicates the estimation of patients' overall survival in compari- son to clinical-trials data that form random samples. Therefore, survival functions were not only estimated by the Kaplan-Meier estimator but also using the Cox proportional hazard model and the Accelerated failure time model that both control for the effects of included covariates. The addition of pertuzumab does not result in significantly longer pa- tients'...
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The Importance of Preschool Education System as a Tool for Harmonization of Family and Working Life of Mothers
Ruml, Jiří ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the relationship between the system of pre-school care and the posi- tion of women with small children on the labor market in the Czech Republic. The purpose of this thesis is to find out whether the insufficient capacity of pre-school care facilities has a negative im- pact on the employment of Czech women and which other determinants can affect the employment of women with small children. The analysis uses an individual data from the Labor Force Survey in 2013 supported by data from the Czech Statistical Office and the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports. At first, this thesis deals with demographic development of the population after 1990. Following is the definition of pre-school care system in the Czech Republic and a description of the development of the availability of pre-school care services. Diploma thesis is then devoted to the situation of women with small children in the labor market and to the potential negative impacts associated with the limited possibilities for harmonizing family and work life balance. Finally, an analysis is made. As a result, we can sum up that there is no significant impact of the lack of availa- bility of pre-school care on young children mother's ability to work. From the point of view of other socio-demographic...
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Gender gap index and happiness
Procházková, Vendula ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis investigates the relationship between the level of gender inequality given by The Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) and women's happiness. Using the cross-sectional data from The World Values Survey from 22 different countries, the main goal was to explore the possible existence of a positive relationship between the GGGI index (which reflects the rate of gender differences in particular country where lower values represent higher rate of gender inequality) and relative happiness of women in comparison with happiness of men. The work introduces not only the variables that are considered to be the main determinants of happiness according to the current studies, but also specific indexes related to the issue of gender inequality. All in all, the work is comprised of seven models working with the whole dataset of 22 countries, six models working with the data divided by gender and two different models created for each of four groups into which the countries were divided based on their rate of GGGI index. These models estimate the effect of GGGI index and its four components on happiness of individuals, on relative happiness of women and also the difference between women's and men's happiness in groups with different average GGGI index. Considering the results from previously...
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Willingness to pay for e-books in the Czech Republic
Tomášková, Lenka ; Polák, Petr (advisor) ; Votápková, Jana (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to explain willingness to pay for electronic books in the Czech Republic. Data were collected via online questionnaire. Using the logit model, following variables were identified to have significant influence on probability of buying an e-book. These variables are ownership of an e-book, online shopping, membership in the library, buying printed books, physical appearance of book and thinking about e-books as electronic documents which should be for free. Moreover, in case of printed book's price equals 270 CZK, respondents are willing to pay 132 CZK in average for an electronic version of the same title. Keywords ochota platit, e-kniha, logit, Česká republika
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Relationship between consumption of cigarettes and alcohol in the Czech Republic
Kania, Vojtěch ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Martin (referee)
This thesis investigates the relationship between the consumption of cigarettes and pure alcohol in the Czech Republic during 1955-2016. It tests for a unit root in both series using ADF test and KPSS test. Next, Engle-Granger procedure and Johansen trace test are used to test for a cointegration relation between the two time-series. Both the ADF and the KPSS test found a presence of a unit root when controlled for a shift in a mean in 1989. However, Engle-Granger procedure did not find enough evidence for a cointegration relation, which was confirmed by Johansen trace test. The same results were obtained when only a subsample 1955-1989 was considered.
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