National Repository of Grey Literature 281 records found  previous11 - 20nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Monitoring lipid lowering output / / in the pharmacy with specialized centers in the years 2005 - 2006
Sedláčková, Anna ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Tilšer, Ivan (referee)
Cardiovascular diseases present the cause of more than half of all deaths in the Czech Republic. As confirmed by many clinical studies, pharmacotherapy with hypolipidemics is definitely beneficial for patients in a secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease. This thesis aims to observe and compare the consumption and spectra of hypolipidemics dispensed in years 2005 and 2006 using data from a single pharmacy with specialized sites; moreover it aims to observe changes in their consumption after generic atorvastatin preparations entered the Czech market and after atorvastatin was enabled to be prescribed by general practitioners, using a month-by-month analysis of the three mostly dispensed hypolipidemics in year 2005 (atorvastatin, simvastatin and fenofibrate). Using the Paenium pharmaceutical electronic system, the consumptions of individual hypolipidemic medical preparations in years 2005 and 2006 have been recorded as a number of packages actually collected by patients upon their medical prescriptions. To enable the consumptions of individual active substances and also groups of hypolipidemics to be compared, these numbers have been converted into Defined Daily Doses (DDD) and the percentage of individual active substances and groups of hypolipidemics within the total consumption have been counted....
Effects of selected drugs on activity of cholinesterases.
Štochlová, Karolína ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Melicharová, Ludmila (referee)
We investigated the effect of selected compounds on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. For our experimental research colorimetric Ellman method has been applied. The potency and the selectivity of tested compounds has been evaluated via their IC50 for AChE and BChE for. Inhibitory activity of tested compounds against AChE decreased in the order: quinacrine > 9-aminoacridine > proflavine > anatruxonium > BDMDAC > N-(4- trifluoromethylbenzyl) cinchoninium bromide > N-benzylquininium > URA 112 > URA 114 > chloroquine. Ajmaline, brucine, strychnine, tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, nortriptyline, dosulepine), cyclizine and scopolamine exerted a low anticholinesterase activity (IC50 greater than 1 mM) and are therefore clinically insignificant. As the standard substances for comparison with the tested compounds, we used reversible cholinesterase inhibitors: etoproprazine and BW284c51 and as irreversible inhibitor ethylparaoxone. 9-aminoacridine showed the same efficacy as the irreversible standard compound, quinacrine even exceeded the efficiency by several orders of magnitude, however significant error was observed in that case. Other substances tested exerted a lower activity than the irreversible standard and furthermore, they did not reach the clinical efficacy of commonly used...
The use of low organisms for bioassay testing
Váňová, Hana ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
The fact that many various substances produced by industry, metabolised and excreted by animals and human contaminate environment, became the major problem of present years. These substances have a negative effect on number of animals in different ecosystem levels, but retroactively also on human body. Nowadays, the most important substances are endocrine disruption chemicals (EDC) which have many negative effects. They disrupt the reproduction and regular development of animals and endocrine system of human (cancerogenic effect, lower quality of sperm). That is why it's necessary to test these substances. Testing of lower form of life is necessary for two reasons: Partly due to the regulations and legislative organs, which prefer the testing of invertebrates (so called alternative methods of testing) as well as due to the lowering occurrence of these organisms in nature, which has the implications on the whole ecosystem. My effort was to explain how EDC can interfere to inveretebrates life and other lower forms of life, to find their practical use for testing and the specific species for experiments, to classify endocrine active substances and to assess the effect of pharmaceuticals on environment.
Evaluation of a novel series of [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] quinoxalines and related compounds: highly potent adenosine receptor antagonists
Krpelíková, Irena ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Macháček, Miloš (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Czech Republic Performed at: University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Germany Candidate: Irena Krpelíková Supervisors: Prof. Dr. Christa Elisabeth Müller PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Evaluation of a novel series of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- ɑ]quinoxalines and related compounds: highly potent adenosine receptor antagonists Adenosine, a local modulator, acts in many diverse biological processes. Its effects are mediated through adenosine receptors (ARs). Four types of ARs have been described, A1, A2A, A2B and A3, which belong to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. AR ligands are being developed as new drugs. This thesis deals with the study of a novel series of [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- a]quinoxalines and related compounds as potential adenosine receptor antagonists. The presented results were obtained using radioligand binding assays. Series of quinoxalinones and tetrazoloquinoxalines exhibit significant selectivity for human (h) A3 ARs but their affinity is relatively low for tetrazoloquinoxalines and moderate for quinoxalinones. Triazoloquinoxalines comprise the largest group of this series. Generally, the R1...
New trends in the treatment of diabetes
Vodrážková, Tereza ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Melicharová, Ludmila (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is the name for the group of chronic diseases, which are manifested as malfuction metabolism of saccharides. It's one of the oldest global disease. 200 milions people, both sexes and all age bracket suffer from it. Diabetes is dividing in DM I.type, which attack 7% of patiens, and DM II.type, which rises from a lot of stress, unhealthy food and absence of sport activities. The objective of diabetes treatment is early diagnosis, which can prevent the expansion of severe insulin deficiency, resistence of insulin and other metabolic disorders. Diabetic treatment includes pharmacology treatment - with insulin and peroral antidiabetics, and unpharmacology treatment, which cooperate with drugs in reducing morbidity and mortality. My dissertation specializes in new types, new production technology and new styles of aplication insulin to the body. It's also targeted the description of new groups of peroral antidiabetics, especially their development and clinical testing. Treatment of diabetes also involves transplantation of pancreas and therapy by steam-cells, which is still only in phase of clinical trials. To good compensation of DM contribute phytoterapy, diabetic diet and recommended sport activities.
Identifikace peptidického konjugátu s toxickým metabolitem paracetamolu N-acetyl-p-benzochinon iminem
Landíková, Kateřina ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is one of the most used analgesic drug. It is considered as a safe drug, although its administration in large doses can lead to due to known metabolism to impairment of hepatocytes with subsequent necrosis. Acetaminophen is metabolized primarily in the liver where it is converted to inactive compound by conjugation with sulphate or glucoronide. However a small proportion is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes to a minor but toxic intermediate metabolite N-acetyl-p- benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). This metabolite binds with the macromolecules of the hepatic cells causing dysfunction of the enzymatic systems, structural and metabolic disarray and eventually necrotic cell death. This thesis is a part of larger work intended for preparation polyclonal antibodies which can be used for further research in vivo / in vitro. The objectives of this study are a) the confirmation that NAPQI is the toxic intermediate that can react with free thiol groups and b) the in vitro production of the formed NAPQI-peptide conjugate. Using dexamethasone-induced rat liver microsomal fraction led to the expected production of NAPQI, that was linked on a synthetic peptide containing free thiol group. This adduct was collected and purified by HPLC with gradient elution. The outcome of this...
Current therapeutic options for the treatment of cystic fibrosis in children
Čapková, Lucie ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Lucie Čapková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D Title of diploma thesis: Current therapeutic options for the treatment of cystic fibrosis in children The aim of this thesis was to summarize current therapeutic options used for cystic fibrosis therapy in children. In the introduction, the pathogenesis of the disease, and methods of diagnosis are provided. The main part of the thesis is focused on the pharmacological possibilities of treatment including complications. In the concluding part, new options of causal therapy (currently in phase III clinical trials) are mentioned.
Prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases
Pavlásek, Karel ; Tilšer, Ivan (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases Student: Karel Pavlásek Tutor: Doc. MUDr. Ivan Tilšer, Csc. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové The Charles University in Praque, Czech Republic Theme: The research is particularly focused on Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Objective: The purpose of the Thesis is to summarize briefly contemporary attitude to the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Methods: Data processing and research.The information gathered for the purpose of the Thesis are from Czech, foreign and internet sources. Results: The purpose of the Thesis is to summarize up to date attitude to the cardiovascular disease, especially to the ischemic heart disease. It is focused on prevention and pharmacological therapy. The pharmacological therapy is divided into therapy that leads to decrease of mortality and into therapy which might cause relief, but where any influence on mortality exists. Especially drugs that decrease mortality is the significant part of prevention. With their therapeutic effect we can ensure higher standard of living of the patients. Conclusion: I have tried to describe the attitude of scientific society to the ischemic heart disease.
Effects Evaluation of Quinazolin Alkaloids from Justicia Adhatoda
Žampachová, Pavla ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
v anglickém jazyce Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Mgr. Pavla Žampachová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of rigorous thesis: Effects evaluation of quinazolin alkaloids from Justicia adhatoda The aim of our experiment was the evaluation of a relaxing activity of natural substances obtained from Justicia adhatoda by an in vitro method on an isolated trachea of rats. Specifically, we tested: a standardized ethanol extract from Justicia adhatoda, vasicine and vasicinone. As a standard substance, we used theofylline. Theofylline was also used for inducing maximal relaxation of a trachea. Our experiment was carried out on rat males of Wistar tribe, weight between 250-300 g. The scheme of our experiment was in following sequence: inducing trachea contractions by giving a carbachol solution (10-5 M), a cumulative intake of separate doses of a tested substance ensued; finally, theofylline (3×10-3 M) was used for inducing maximal trachea relaxation. Every measured value of relaxation of tested substances was compared to maximal relaxation by theofylline and issued with percentage. Acquired values were compiled by GraphPad Prism 5 program. Through this program, for every tested substance, we gained a DRC...
The pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus with oral antidiabetic agents
Vrbová, Aneta ; Melicharová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Oral antidiabetics treatment is an integral part of complex therapy in type 2 diabetic pacients. This thesis provides a topical/up-to-date summary of diabetes pharmacology and of clinical application of oral antidiabetic agents. The individual chapters deal with single groups of used oral antidiabetic agents. Finally, the thesis outlines possibilities of pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus by new antidiabetic preparations.

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