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Czechia as a target country for cross-border reproductive care
Volejníková, Adéla ; Šťastná, Anna (advisor) ; Fait, Tomáš (referee)
Czechia as a target country for cross-border reproductive care Abstract Since the 1970s, economically developed countries have been experiencing a change in the reproductive behavior of their populations, with one of the main trends being the postponement of fertility to a later age. However, this trend is associated with an increasing risk of infertility, as the chances of natural conception decrease as women age. In this context, there is a growing interest in the treatment of infertility through Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), which are regulated and governed by legal regulations in many countries. As a result, there is an increase in the provision of cross-border reproductive care, where infertile couples, primarily for legislative reasons, undergo assisted reproduction abroad. Since this is a relatively new and unexplored phenomenon, the aim of this study is to map the main trends in the provision of cross- border reproductive care, focusing on the perspective of Czechia as a destination country. Individual anonymized data on all initiated cycles of assisted reproduction in Czechia from 2016 to 2019 are used. It has been shown that assisted reproduction trends in Czechia are significantly influenced by the provision of cross-border reproductive care, as reproductive tourists accounted for...
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Stimulation of pancreatic β-cell proliferation by synthetic mRNA
Volejníková, Anna ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Bořek Dohalská, Lucie (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is a severe metabolic disease associated either with loss or functional impairment of insulin-producing β-cells. A major goal in diabetes research is to develop effective ways of pancreatic β-cells restoration. One of the possible approaches is the stimulation of β-cell proliferation. Transcription factor c-Myc is one of the promising targets for stimulation of β-cell proliferation. However, the adenovirus-mediated long-term overexpression of this oncoprotein is associated with risk of cellular dedifferentiation, apoptosis and development of cancer. Therefore, the applicability of an alternative approach for the c-Myc ectopic expression, based on the in-vitro transcribed synthetic mRNA, was verified in this thesis. Use of in vitro transcribed c-Myc-mRNA allows achieving short-term overexpression of transcription factor c-Myc in host cells. High level of c-Myc expression by the β-cells, was detected following the transfection with c-Myc-mRNA. However, within the 48 hours the expression level of c-Myc protein declined to the basic level. The physiological degradation of c-Myc-mRNA by the host cells is a key factor that reduces the risk of cancer development. Transfection of rat islet cells with c-Myc-mRNA resulted in a significantly increased β-cell proliferation. Under the...
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Body mass estimation by skeletal features in juvenile individuals
Volejníková, Anežka ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Jarešová, Pavla Alexia (referee)
Body mass is one of the basic human characteristics used in various anthropological disciplines and can be used in behavioral and environmental studies of present and past populations. This thesis provides a brief summary of methods by which the body mass can be retrospectively reconstructed from skeletal dimensions in juvenile individuals. It also summarizes the important factors which may affect the weight reconstruction, as the child skeleton is more sensitive to environmental influences than the adult skeleton. The effects of nutrition, genetics, physical activity and ecogeography are discussed. Key words: body mass estimation, body mass, ontogeny, growth, postcranial skeleton
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Assisted reproduction from the perspective of cross-border reproductive care
Volejníková, Adéla ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Assisted reproduction from the perspective of cross-border reproductive care Abstract The importance of assisted reproduction and associated cross-border reproductive care, which is often due to limited availability or inappropriate ART-related legislation, is significantly increasing in the context of delaying parenthood to a higher age. Therefore, the aim of the submitted work is to compare the Czech Republic as one of the target countries for cross-border reproductive care with selected European countries, chosen based on the highest proportion of female patients travelling to the Czech Republic for fertility treatment. Thus, the result is a comparative analysis of Czechia, France, Italy, Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom in terms of the usage and availability of ART and public attitudes towards ART. The work also seeks to answer why Czechia is an attractive target for cross-border reproductive care and how its increased intensity is manifested in Czechia. Data is adapted from ESHRE's European IVF Monitoring, and data from the latest wave of European Value Study from 2017 is then used to analyse public attitudes towards ART. The comparative analysis mainly works with graphic elements and descriptive statistics. Binary logistic regression is used to analyse the public attitudes. The research results...
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Stimulation of pancreatic β-cell proliferation by synthetic mRNA
Volejníková, Anna ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Bořek Dohalská, Lucie (referee)
Diabetes mellitus is a severe metabolic disease associated either with loss or functional impairment of insulin-producing β-cells. A major goal in diabetes research is to develop effective ways of pancreatic β-cells restoration. One of the possible approaches is the stimulation of β-cell proliferation. Transcription factor c-Myc is one of the promising targets for stimulation of β-cell proliferation. However, the adenovirus-mediated long-term overexpression of this oncoprotein is associated with risk of cellular dedifferentiation, apoptosis and development of cancer. Therefore, the applicability of an alternative approach for the c-Myc ectopic expression, based on the in-vitro transcribed synthetic mRNA, was verified in this thesis. Use of in vitro transcribed c-Myc-mRNA allows achieving short-term overexpression of transcription factor c-Myc in host cells. High level of c-Myc expression by the β-cells, was detected following the transfection with c-Myc-mRNA. However, within the 48 hours the expression level of c-Myc protein declined to the basic level. The physiological degradation of c-Myc-mRNA by the host cells is a key factor that reduces the risk of cancer development. Transfection of rat islet cells with c-Myc-mRNA resulted in a significantly increased β-cell proliferation. Under the...
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Development of a model system to study adhesion of Burkholderia cenocepacia to epithelial lung cells of patients with cystic fibrosis
Volejníková, Anna ; Bořek Dohalská, Lucie (advisor) ; Kubíčková, Božena (referee)
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common autosomal recessive disorder that primarily affects epithelial cells in respiratory system. As a consequence of lung damage the patients are chronically colonized by a number of pathogenic microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Burkholderia cepacia komplex. Due to the seriousness of these bacterial infection and its primary resistance to commonly used antibiotics the suitable therapeutic alternatives are being sought. The passive immunization with yolk antibodies seems to be a suitable alternative. This thesis studied the bacterial adhesion of Burkholderia cepacia, the opportunistic human pathogen, to lung epithelial cells of healthy individuals and patients with CF, respectively. The aim of this study was to develop a model system suitable for this research. Two types of immortalised cell lines have been used for this purpose. CuFi-1 is the cell line derived from patient with CF caused by ∆F508 mutation , NuLi-1 is a healthy epithelial cell line. The strains of B. cenocepacia (ST28 a ST32) were fluorescently labeled with fluorescent cell linker PKH26. Furthermore, the way of fluorescent labeling of cell lines CuFi-1 and NuLi-1 using PKH67 dye was optimized. Using this model system, the adhesion of bacteria to cell line CuFi-1 was up to three times higher...
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