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Determination of Lead by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Vošmiková, Anna ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Rychlovský, Petr (referee)
EN This diploma thesis presents the results of determination of lead amount in aqueous samples using chemical a electrochemical hydride generation methods. Both chemical and electrochemical generation methods are widely used for elemental analysis of the hydride forming elements in trace and ultra-trace levels. First of all the electrochemical generation method was used with HCl (1,0 mol dm-3 ) as anolyte. Determined analyte with the relevant concentration was added into the HCl solution (equal concentration). During the optimization experiments the electrochemical generation method was performed in different setups and constructions (eg. membrane, and non-membrane cells, different electrode materials). Also different acids (HNO3, H2SO4) of different concentrations were tested. Unfortunately achieved results were not satisfied and reproducible. Therefore, chemical generation method was used to provide relevant results. Determination of lead was performed in both and continuous flow and flow injection mode. A crucial step for chemical hydride generation insisted in usage of hexacyanoferrate (III) (17 % m/v solution for FIA and 2 % m/v solution for continuous flow) in solution of HCl on the relevant concentration. It was found that, K3[Fe(CN)6] significantly increases the efficiency of the chemical...
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Influence of interfering elements on the electrochemical selenium hydride generation
Vošmiková, Anna ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Rychlovský, Petr (referee)
This work is focused on the influence study of selected hydride forming elements (As, Sb), transition metals (Ni, Cu, Zn), anions (Cl- ,NO3 - ,SO4 - ) and cations (Ca2+ ,Na+ ), on the electrochemical hydride generation of selenium hydride. The analyte was converted to the volatile form and consequently atomized in a quartz tube atomizer. Atomic absorption spectrometer was used as a detection technique. For comparison, the same interference study was used to investigate for chemical hydride generation. The biggest influence on the analytical signal suppression was observed for other hydride forming elements at higher concentration (from 1mg/L of interfering elements the signal was suppressed by nearly 100 %). The transitions elements nickel and copper suppressed the analyte signal significantly. Neither selected anions nor cations suppress the signal significantly. No effect on the analytical signal was observed whet the sodium and calcium were tested at different concentration.
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Role of diagnostic imaging in hydronephrosis
VOSMÍKOVÁ, Anna
I have chosen the topic of my thesis ?The task of displaying methods for a hydronephrosis ground diagnostic? thanks to the many possibilities of diagnostic and laboratory screening methods. Hydronephrosis and its matters is often discussed topic within a medical staff - how to examine it and which method is the most effective. This is the main goal of my work as well. The main goal of my work is to compare the most effective and the most informative screening methods of the outcome urinary system. Furthermore, I would like to introduce a proposal of an applicable method of the outcome urinary system visualization. I set up the hypothesis, that an outcome urography which used to be the main radiologic method of diagnostic of hydronephrosis, is nowadays successfully replaced by the complex of the modern displaying methods. I have done a quantitative research in two Prague´s hospitals with an accreditation. I focused on 30 patients with a hydronephrosis (also derived from the secondary source) in each hospital. I compared a number of the screenings to which the patients were indicated and also the screenings the clearly displayed the ground of the hydronephrosis. I have also registered the ground of hydronephrosis, which primary was not the goal of my work. It is used to apply an ultrasonography as the first choice of diagnostic in cases where there is the suspection of hydronephrosis in FNM and ÚVN. Ultrasongraphy is a method without ionising radiation and with the fast kidney structure evaluation. It was not always shown clearly by ultrasound by patients with hydronephrosis, and that is why the other methods like RTG, CT, IVU and MR were used. The scintigraphy was done as well, but only for TNM staging tumours. The first objective of my work is a comparison between diagnostic methods. This target was met in the research results, added by charts. The second objective, to present a plan for an appropriate method to display outcome urinary system, is not possible to fulfill. The same procedure cannot be used for each patient ? considering the different ground of the hydronefrosis, we need to use individual attitude. I also present an extensive chapter on causes of hydronefrosis in my work. According to the results I confirm a hypothesis, that an outcome urography is nowadays mainly replaced by modern diagnostic methods, mostly by the computer tomography. In the end, I would like to mention, that the work of the radiologic assistant has changed nowadays, especially thanks to the development of radiodiagnostic and of the digitalization. Radiologic assistant has become very important part of the medical team. His/her work also includes a communication with a patient, his/her monitoring during the screening, and a professional communication with the medical team. The knowledge of the new work methods, its principles and the work with the new Pc programs (e.g. PACs) is also indispensable.
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