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Analysis of pharmacotherapy in nursing homes
Šulcová, Hana ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Fialová, Daniela (referee)
ŠULCOVÁ, Hana: Analysis of pharmacotherapy in nursing homes. [Rigorózní práce]/Hana Šulcová - Charles University in Prague. Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy - Prof. RNDr. Jiří Vlček, CSc., Hradec Králové, 2013. Geriatric patients of these days are typical of their multimorbidity and often concurrently use large amounts of drugs. However, their body reacts to certain drugs or groups of drugs differently than the body of younger ones due to all involutional changes that come with aging process. Polypharmacy and the use of medication that is potentially inappropriate in the elderly are a common cause of adverse drug reactions and put the patient's health at risk. Residents of nursing homes are more susceptible to multi-drug use and potential adverse drug reactions than community-dwelling seniors. This study is cross-sectional analysis of the pharmacotherapy in the nursing homes, focusing on the analysis of potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly (using STOPP criteria) and drug interactions (using databases AISLP and Micromedex). Five questionnaires focusing on the comprehensive geriatric assessment and respondents' awareness of their pharmacotherapy were also a part of the study. The respondents' demographic information and medical data...
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Antibiotic use by pharmacy employees
Duvanova, Natalia ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Kolář, Jozef (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of social and clinical pharmacy Candidate Natalia Duvanova Consultant Prof. RNDr. Jiří Vlček, CSc. Title of Thesis «Antibiotic use by pharmacy employees» Introduction: This thesis discusses the issue of the purchase and use of antibiotics pharmacy employees in Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation. The objectives of the study were to investigate their level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding antibiotics. The frequency of consulting the pharmacists about diseases that often require antibiotics is rather high among patients in the Russian Federation. And many pharmacists provide their recommendations. Opinion polls held by WCIOM (Russian Public Opinion Research Center) in 2011 showed that 46% of respondents believe antibiotics kill viruses. Moreover, since 2007 this figure has even increased slightly - then it was 45%. According to the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) total outpatient antibiotic use in Russian Federation from 1997 to 2009 expressed in DDD per 1000 inhabitants and per day was 9.8 (2003), 9.3 (2004), 9.1 (2005), 9.6 (2006), 10.2 (2007), 10.0 (2008) and 12.2 (2009). Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on a random sample of 308 respondents using a...
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The analysis of pharmacotherapy by patients suffering with DM in Greece I
Kalaitzidis, Georgios ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Doseděl, Martin (referee)
The analysis of pharmacotherapy by patients suffering with DM in Greece I Author: Georgios Kalaitzidis Tutor: Professor RNDr.Jiri Vlcek,CSc. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove. Introduction: The diabetes in developed countries concerns 11% of people over 70 years and is the cause of 3% of total deaths in general population. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the Pharmacotherapy of Diabetes mellitus type II in a pharmacy of a small town of Greece, Veria. Methods: It is retrospective cross-sectional study, which was conducted in a pharmacy in a small town of Greece, Veria. The study population consists of 60 patients with known Type II diabetes Melitus. The data collection was performed by a self-reported questionnaire, which was created and developed by the researcher and filled by the respondents. Results: The mean age of the sample was 56.5±17.5 years. Most of them were females (n=40). Most of the patients knew their fasting glucose level (93.3%,n=56).Of the patients who knew their fasting glucose level, 36 (64.3%) patients had high fasting glucose level and 20 (35.7%) had physiological fasting glucose level. From all the patients(n=60), some of them visited their physician every 6 months (n=24), and every 3 months...
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Analysis of the Use of Antibiotics in the United Arab Emirates
Abasaeed Elhag, Abobakr ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Kolář, Jozef (referee) ; Urbánek, Karel (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Candidate PharmDr. Abobakr Abasaeed Elhag Supervisor prof. RNDr. Jiří Vlček, CSc. Title of Doctoral Thesis Analysis of the Use of Antibiotics in the United Arab Emirates Introduction and Aims: The misuse of antibiotics for viral infections (for which they are of no value) and the immoderate use of broad spectrum antibiotics instead of narrower spectrum antibiotics have been well-documented and reported. Therefore the inappropriate use of antibiotics is getting a global problem, mainly in the developing countries. Emergence of antibiotics resistance is often a result of irrational prescribing patterns, misuse of the antibiotics as well as self-medication. Although the United Arab Emirates (UAE]) antimicrobial policy restricts dispensing of antibiotics without prescription , studies revealed the wide availability of these agents over the counter (OTC), their over prescribing pattern and the high prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics, unfortunately and regardless of this results, there is a lack and paucity in studies that tracking the prevalence of antibiotics resistance. The aim of our research was to evaluate the attitude of the community towards the use of antibiotics, estimate...
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The analysis of eating habits of diabetics in the USA
Vaňkátová, Helena ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Matoulková, Petra (referee)
Besides the good drug compliance, appropriate nutrition plays important role in successful management of the metabolic aspects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), and in the prevention of diabetes-related conditions. The goal of this study was to analyze eating habits among DM2 patients in the United States. The Fat- and Fiber-Related Diet Habits Questionnaire (A.Shattuck, 1998) was used in this study to obtain identical data for comparison. The original version was slightly adjusted according to the local habits. The study took place at the El Rio Community Health Center clinics in Tucson, Arizona, USA; during the time period of three months (September to December 2011). Patients with DM2 patients visiting the clinic were recruited for participation. Once patients were given the questionnaire, answers were put into the database created in an Excel application (Microsoft Office 2010) and analyzed using the frequency analysis. 207 patients filled out the questionnaire. The mean age was 56,8 ± 12,6 years, the mean age when diagnosed with DM2 was 45,3 ± 12,7 years, BMI 33,2 ± 7,8 kg/m2, the mean waist circumference 109,7 ± 19,7 cm and the mean A1C was 8,1± 1,7% (ad DCCT). 10% of participants were treated only by the diet, 49% with peroral antidiabetics (PAD), 14% with insulin, and 28% with combination...
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ANALYSIS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY AND DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS IN PATIENT WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN GREECE
Papadopoulos, Zisis ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Macek, Karel (referee)
Title: Analysis of pharmacotherapy and drug related problems in patients with arterial hypertension in Greece Student: Zisis Papadopoulos Tutor: Jiri Vlcek Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Background: Arterial hypertension or high blood pressure is a chronic medical condition which is characterized by elevated blood pressure in the arteries and is an important risk factor for future development of cardiovascular disease. Also belongs to asymptomatic diseases because it usually does not cause symptoms for years until a vital organ is damaged. Moreover is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, due to its association with some other serious diseases like coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, atherosclerosis, renal disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Arterial hypertension for adults, who don't suffer from any other kind of diseases, is defined by an elevation of blood pressure to 140 / 90 mm Hg or to higher values. Aim: In the theoretical part the main aim is to analyze information regarding etiopathogenesis, diagnostic methods and treatment strategies of arterial hypertension, as well as classification and causes of drug-related-problems to antihypertensive agents. In the...
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Pharmacovigilance:Spontaneous Reporting Systems
Srba, Jindřich ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Votava, Martin (referee) ; Petráček, Jan (referee)
Pharmacovigilance: Spontaneous reporting systems Srba J. Abstract Introduction: Pharmacovigilance system is consisted of several approaches used for drug safety surveillance. Spontaneous reporting systems in European countries have been established in the second half of the 20th century. Originally, spontaneous collection of adverse drug reactions was designed for healthcare professionals. Under-reporting was in general considered as the main weakness of spontaneous reporting system. To increase the reporting activity, direct patient reporting has been included in spontaneous reporting system at national competent authorities. Aims: The aim of this work was to characterize spontaneous reporting system. Subsequently, we focused on the evaluation of position of patient-reported outcomes of adverse events (PRO-AE) in established systems of the European countries. In particular, we i) characterized reporting activity within European countries, ii) evaluated the position of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports directly submitted by patients to national competent authorities, and iii) overviewed of the processing of PRO- AEs. Methodology: Practical part was based on questionnaires distributed to national competent authorities and literature search of electronic databases with relevant published articles. Results:...
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Analysis of self-medication with antibiotics in Kosovo
Veseli, Ardita ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Kostřiba, Jan (referee)
Title: Analysis of self-medication with antibiotics in Kosovo Student: Ardita Veseli Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. Jiří Vlček, Ph.D. Specialist Supervisor: Mgr. T. Belkina Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Background: Self-medication is described as a behavior during which someone utilizes drugs for the purpose of treating self-diagnosed symptoms or disorders or the intermittent or continued use of a prescribed drug for chronic or recurrent disease or symptoms. When certain individuals self-medicate with antibiotics, they do it without any prior consultation with a physician. The antibiotics are bought from community pharmacies without a prescription, left-over antibiotics are used or they simply decide to follow the advice given from family members, neighbors or friends. Even though antibiotics are considered revolutionary therapeutic agents in order to eradicate microbes, the repeated and improper antibiotic consumption is contributing to the increased prevalence of antibiotic resistance which nowadays is one of the world's most pressing health problems. Aim: The main goal of the theoretical part is to describe self-medication with antibiotics, the patterns influencing it and some complications associated with this...
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Osteoporosis management in primary care in the Czech Republic
Blažková, Šárka ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Šmahelová, Alena (referee) ; Živný, Pavel (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of social and clinical pharmacy Candidate Sarka Blazkova Supervisor Jiri Vlcek Title of Doctoral Thesis Osteoporosis management in primary care in the Czech Republic Introduction: Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic disease of the skeleton characterized by decreased bone mass and a disturbed microarchitecture of the bone tissue associated with increased risk of bone fragility and fracture. OP and its consequences are a major health, social, and economic concern, growing with aging of the population. Currently, most OP patients are not properly diagnosed and treated. In the Czech Republic, primary care that is provided by general practitioners (GPs), gynecologists and pharmacists should play a key role in identifying patients with OP. Generally available guidelines recognize GPs as fully qualified for OP management. GPs are expected to be proactive in OP risk assessment and OP prevention and treatment. In the Czech Republic, due to prescribing limitations, GPs are only authorized to prescribe anti-OP drugs via delegated prescribing. Given the primary care structure in this country, it can be expected that gynecologists will be involved in OP management in women. Unlike GPs, they are authorized to prescribe anti-OP drugs and...
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Pharmaceutical care of Obese Patients
Dobrucká, Katarína ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Rudolf, Kamil (referee)
PHARMACEUTICAL CARE OF OBESE PATIENTS Author: Dobrucká K. * Tutor: Vlček J. ** * Department of clinical pharmacy, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic ** Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Background: Obesity is a chronic disease associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Contact with the obese patient is a daily practice for pharmacists and pharmacy is often the first point of capture of risk patient in terms of developing health problems associated with obesity. The role of the pharmacist is providing pharmaceutical care to patients with obesity in the pharmacy and its involvement in the health care team in management of obesity. Aim of study: The work points out to the possible intervention of pharmacists and FA in securing the safety of self-medication in dispensing drugs OTC orlistat and in individual consultations for weight reduction in pharmacy. Method: The study worked with two groups of patients who visited ÚL IKEM for self- treatment with orlistat in the period June-December 2009 and consultations for weight reduction in the period May 2006 - May 2010. The data were collected by pharmacists and PA through anonymous questionnaires for dispensing OTC orlistat and by pharmacists...
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