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Low carbohydrate regimes (low carb diet, the cyclical ketogenic diet, intermittent fasting) and their impact on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, muscular strength, sports performance and muscle cells resistance against exercise
Kysel, Pavel ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Otáhal, Jakub (referee) ; Stackeová, Daniela (referee)
(EN) Low-carbohydrate diets are a debated topic in relation to athletic performance, overweight and obesity, but also to the health status of the individual. The impact on health and fitness is still ambiguous. The aim of this study was to compare and investigate the effect of a low carbohydrate, in this case ketogenic, diet on body composition, sports performance at different exercise loads and levels of selected circulating cytokines. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of a cyclic ketogenic reduction diet (CKD) vs. a nutritionally balanced reduction diet (RD) combined with regular resistance/aerobic training in healthy young men for 8 weeks. Participants in both the CKD and RD groups reduced their body weight, body fat, and body mass index (BMI) values. In the CKD group, the amount of fat-free mass (net body weight) and the amount of water in the body decreased. In the RD group, however, the volume of these parameters did not change significantly. Muscle strength parameters were not affected in the CKD group, while maximal strength performances in chest pulldown and lower limb press increased in the RD group. Similarly, endurance performances were not affected in the CKD group, whereas maximal power output and maximal oxygen consumption increased in the RD group. Our findings suggest that...
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Diet comparison of athletes from different types of gymnastics
Kudláčková, Tereza ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Petráková Doležalová, Radka (referee)
Gymnastics is an aesthetic sport in which the emphasis is placed on optimal physical appearance. However, this is often associated with maintaining an inadequately low body weight, which can have a negative impact on both health and sports performance. For some of its features, gymnastics is thus found to be one of the possible risk factors for eating disorders. When it comes to the teenage population of female athletes, the aforementioned issue becomes even more important. Teenage gymnasts between the ages of 15 and 18 from two gymnastic sports, rhythmic gymnastics and aerobic gymnastics, participated in the research carried out as part of this diploma thesis. The aim was to find out whether the diet of gymnasts differs depending on the different sports and whether these gymnasts consume food adequately both in terms of its quantity and quality. For this purpose, the gymnasts recorded their food intake, while the 4-day food records provided by 8 representatives of rhythmic gymnastics and 8 representatives of aerobic gymnastics were subsequently evaluated. Based on the average of 4 individual days data and comparing the results with the recommendations, it was found that the diet of the gymnasts was insufficient from an energy point of view. On average, the participants did not reach the...
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Comparison of a standard adult non-athlete diet and a diet of an athlete in preparation for bikini fitness competitions
Jakubičková, Tereza ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Petráková Doležalová, Radka (referee)
Title: Comparison of a standard adult non-athlete diet with a diet of athlete in preparation for bikini fitness competitions Aim of the thesis: The primary goal of this bachelor's thesis was to compare the differences between the regular diet of adult non-athletes and the pre-competition diet of female athletes who are preparing for bikini fitness competitions. The aim of the work was to analyze the individual differences between the diets, with the help of calculations of the total daily energy intake of the respondents, the amount of macronutrients, simple sugars and fiber in their diet, a comparison of the daily drinking regime, subsequent entry into graphs and a visual comparison of the diets. The secondary goal of this work was to acquaint the reader with the nature of the pre-race diet, its principle and its effect on the change in the body composition of the female athlete during the pre-race preparation. This work also aimed to present the effect of a precisely set and strictly observed diet, thanks to which a significant change in body composition can be achieved. Readers of this work will, among other things, learn about various dietary methods for reducing body fat and at the same time for preserving muscle mass during a caloric deficit. Methods: The work was carried out in the form of a...
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Influence of placebo effect on sports performance
Jarchovská, Alžběta ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Starnovská, Tamara (referee)
Introduction: Placebo has long been a well-known concept and the placebo effect phenomenon has been studied in a number of medical fields. In addition to its effect on pain, depression and other illnesses, other attempts are increasingly being made to find a possible use of the placebo effect. The aim of the thesis was to determine whether the administration of placebo has an effect on sports performance. Methodology: The research was conducted in two phases. The first phase was the measurement of three runs of amateur crossfit athletes at a distance of 800 m. After the run, time and subjective evaluation of the perceived effort Borg scale were writen down. In the first run placebo was administered, in the second run a commercially available preworkout supplement(L-carnitine) was administered and the third run was a control run without a tablet. The measurement results were statistically processed using Student's two-sample unpaired t-test to the mean value. The second part consisted of filling in questionnaires and then processing the resulting data. Results: After evaluating the research part, we found that in our research, placebo had no effect on athletic performance. Conclusion: The placebo and placebo effects have proven effects in many industries. Further research is needed on placebo and...
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Consumption of food supplements for different groups of clients fitness center
Tůmová, Olga ; Svačina, Štěpán (advisor) ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the consumption of dietary supplements for different groups of fitness center clients. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part focuses on the basics of nutrition, and is described by energy intake and expenditure, macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and fats), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and drinks. The following chapter describes the basic supplements most commonly used in fitness. The practical part was processed using a questionnaire on social networks and in the fitness center Kentoya, Prague 10. The aim was to explore the most commonly used supplements, assessment of knowledge of the main effects of the supplements and visitors' experience with diets. The results are reported in tables and graphs and the answers on the internet and in the fitness center Kentoya are compared. The results show that almost 79 % of visitors to the fitness center take dietary supplements, the most widely used supplement is a protein drink. Approximately 67 % of visitors were during their life on some kind of diet and unfortunately the most common source of information concerning diet is the internet. Keywords: fitness, food supplements, supplements, nutrition, fluid intak
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The readiness of patients after acute coronary syndrome for a change in living habits
Šírová, Lucie ; Tuka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (referee)
Acute coronary syndrome as a manifestation of ischemic heart disease is one of the most frequent causes of mortality. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to determine the knowledge of patients after experiencing acute coronary syndrome regarding proper lifestyle changes, and especially to establish their motivation to implement these changes. The research compared respondents who experienced acute coronary syndrome during the previous year and also those who suffered from the syndrome more than a year before the research. A quantitative method of research in the form of anonymous questionnaires was used to collect the data. There were 31 respondents who participated in the survey. The outcome showed that respondents who experienced acute coronary syndrome during the previous year knew less about proper lifestyle changes, yet they had greater motivation to implement these changes than the respondents who suffered from the syndrome more than a year before the research. The results reveal that it is necessary to engage in education regarding proper changes as well as in motivation at the same time. Since both these aspects are very important for the implementation of lifestyle changes, it is desirable for the respondents to be both motivated and properly educated. Keywords: atherosclerosis, acute...
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Effect of reducing the three-month program of physical activity on body composition and weight change.
Dyrcová, Martina ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (referee)
The thesis is dealing with the effect of the three-month reduction program with physical activity on body composition and changes in body weight of each participant in the program. To reduce weight and reach health benefit means especially to reduce single components of body fat. The goal was to find out what changes in body composition and body weight have been done, analyze it and evaluate the success rate of this program. The three month reduction programmes took place in a recondition centre VŠTJ Medicina Praha, o.s. The results of the research were compared and evaluated on the basis of input and output measuring by a bioimpedance device InBody. The evaluated components were: body weight, BMI, waistline, muscle mass, lean body mass, total body water and the amount of work-out hours in the recondition centre. Program duration was also considered. From the total number of 60 participants (11 men and 49 women), 42 successfully finished the program (7 men and 35 women). Statistically significant differences have been found in the input and output of body weight, BMI, waistline and amount of body fat. Each mentioned parameter has been decreased. The other parameters have not been significantly changed. The effectiveness of the three month reduction program is noticeable especially in increasing...
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