National Repository of Grey Literature 5 records found  Search took 0.01 seconds. 
Variability of the MTNR1B Melatonin Receptor Gene in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Chocholová, Denisa ; Vejražková, Daniela (advisor) ; Bendlová, Běla (referee)
The human MTNR1B gene has been identified as a candidate gene associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, a rapidly spreading disease characterised by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The strongest association with impaired glucose metabolism shows a single nucleotide polymorphism of this gene rs10830963. MTNR1B encodes the melatonin receptor 1B found in a variety of tissues, including human pancreatic beta cells. It is involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, especially affecting fasting glycemia and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Its ligand, the hormone melatonin, inhibits insulin production from the pancreatic beta cells, which contributes to hyperglycemia. Melatonin controls the regulation of circadian rhythm. In carriers of the minor G allele, the secretion of melatonin shifts towards a delayed rise in the evening and a slower decline in the morning. If these individuals are forced, for example by working hours, to have early breakfakt, late dinner or they have to eat at night due to night-time shifts, the concurrence of high melatonin levels and food intake significantly increases their risk of glucose tolerance disorders. This bachelor thesis presents the latest findings explaining disorders of glucose melabolism in connection with the variability of...
Energy metabolism control, selected genetic and hormonal factor
Vejražková, Daniela ; Bendlová, Běla (advisor) ; Rossmeisl, Martin (referee) ; Pelikánová, Terezie (referee)
I I I I I I I 4, CONCLUSIONS r) The postulatedaim of thework was fulfilled: Quite a large cohorts of DM2 patients,direct offspring of DM2 patients,and obese subjectsas well as a group of women suffering from PCOS, and sufficiently large groupof controlsubjectswerecompleted a. All the probands underwenta detailed anthropometricand biochemical characeterization b. The DNA bank was establishedandcompleted An electronicdatabasewas established Molecular geneticmethodsPCR, RFLP, andSSCP wereestablishedandoptimized Specific polymorphismsin the selectedcandidategenes were genotypedand unique data regarding genotypic frequenciesof these polymorphisms in Czech population wereobtained Genetic, biochemical and anthropometric data underwent statistical analysis. Especially associationsbetweengeneticpolymorphisms/adipocytokineconcentrations andanthropometric/biochemicalparametersweretested Final resultswere evaluatedand possibleeffectof the studiedgeneticpolymorphisms and/oradipocytokineson body compositionanďor biochemical statuswas assessed. Also an eventual involvement of the studied genetic and hormonal factors in aethiopathogenesisof obesity,DMZ, metabolicsyndrome,and PCOS was considered Main resultsand conclusionsof theresearchwerepublishedin scientificjournals.The publicationsrepresentthepivotal partof...
Metabolic specifics of women with a positive history of gestational diabetes
Jarošová, Adéla ; Vejražková, Daniela (advisor) ; Krejčí, Hana (referee)
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a disorder of glucose metabolism arising for the first time in pregnancy and spontaneously receding after birth. The issue of GDM is very topical since, according to the latest update of diagnostic criteria, up to 17% of pregnant women is threatened by this disorder. The incidence of GDM correlates with the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. It is proved that women who have had gestational diabetes have an enormously increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2T). The risk accosiated with a gestational diabetes pregnancy stretches beyond the host, and can affect the fetus both directly (e. g. macrosomia development), and epigenetically (increases susceptibility to obesity, DM2T development or cardiovascular disease). Significant influence on the development of GDM (or DM2T) is a body composition that is directly related to lifestyle (nutritional intake and physical activity) and genetic role i salso involved. Early intervention may help delay the risk of developing DM2T and other metabolic complications. In this diploma thesis we monitored metabolic profiles of glucose and lipids and body composition based on anthropometric examination and questionnaires of nutritional income and physical activity. For the complex...

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