|
|
Study of bilirubin and its oxidation products
Capková, Nikola ; Dvořák, Aleš (advisor) ; Vejražka, Martin (referee) ; Holendová, Blanka (referee)
Phototherapy (PT) with blue-green light (420-490 nm) is the standard treatment for severe neonatal jaundice to prevent infants from toxic bilirubin (BR). Upon blue-green light exposure, BR is converted to more polar photoisomer (PI) lumirubin (LR) and the other oxidation products (mono-, di-, tripyrrols) which can be more easily disposed of the body via urine and/or bile. Although generally considered to be safe, PT is accompanied by an increased risk of various pathophysiological conditions (inflammatory processes, allergies, diabetes, and some types of cancer), in extremely low-birth-weight newborns. Thus, to account for these consequences, our study aimed to understand the mechanism of BR secretion in different tissues and cell lines and investigate the bioactive properties of BR and its main photooxidation product LR. At first, we focused on the detection of BR in the bile and feces of hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rats. Simultaneously, we tested the antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects of unconjugated BR in human hepatoblastoma (HepG2), proximal tubular (HK2), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), and murine endothelial (H5V) cells by exposing them to progressively increasing concentrations of BR. To compare the BR and LR effects on metabolic and oxidative stress markers, the biological activities were...
|
|
|
Obsahové složení vybraných genotypů Actinidia arguta z různých lokalit ČR
Vejražka, Martin
The aim of the thesis was to compile a review of literature on the species Actinidia arguta and other main representatives of this genus (Actinidia deliciosa and Actinidia kolomikta), together with a description of the genus Actinidia. For selected genotypes to determine the content of the substance in the flesh and skins of species Actinidia arguta (varieties 'Issai', 'Ananasnaya' a seedling 1) and Actinidia deliciosa (varieties 'Hayward' and 'Sorelli'). Mentioned representatives described their origin and distribution, botanical characteristics, varietal characteristics, their habitat requirements, methods of reproduction and substances contained in fruits. The experimental part deals with the determination of ascorbic acid, all acids, antioxidants, soluble solids content and the determined methods FRAP and DPPH. The results of individual measurements were processed and statistically analyzed. The values obtained were sorted into tables and graphs, and subsequently described in the text part.
|
|
|
Glutathion a glutathion dependentní enzymy za různých patofyziologických stavů.
Kodydková, Jana ; Tvrzická, Eva (advisor) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee) ; Vejražka, Martin (referee)
Backround: Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in pathogenesis of human disorders such as depressive disorder, sepsis, cardiovascular disease, acute and chronic pancreatitis, and cancer. Increased OS is result of imbalance between increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) production and / or insufficient activity of antioxidant defence system. Antioxidant system, which is composed of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidases (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR) and non- enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in the protection of cells against enhanced OS. The aim of this study was to assess the OS markers and antioxidant enzymes in different pathophysiological states. Materials and methods: Activities of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), GR and concentration of GSH as well as levels of OS markers were analysed in six different pathophysiologic states. These parameters were measured in 35 women with depressive disorder (DD), 40 patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), 30 septic patients (S) followed up in the course of sepsis; 15 non-septic critically ill patients (NC), 13 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP), 50 with chronic pancreatitis (CP) and 50 patients with pancreatic cancer (PC), compared to...
|
|
|
The role of NSD(P)H oxidase in signal transduction
Vejražka, Martin ; Štípek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pelouch, Václav (referee) ; Zima, Tomáš (referee)
Reactive oxygen species are usually assumed as dangerous, cytotoxic substances included in pathogenesis of variety of diseases due to their ability to damage biomolecules. However, ROS also play an indispensable role in many physiological processes. Low concentrations of ROS are involved in signal transduction as a part of pathways regulating protein phosphorylation, gene expression, NO availability or intracellular Ca2+. They are important for cell cycle control and apoptose. In the last years, the role of ROS in regulation of vascular tonus is intensively studied. NAD(P)H oxidases are supposed the major source of ROS. These are enzymes similar to phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a key enzyme of phagocyte respiratory burst in immune response. We have studied NAD(P)H oxidase of vascular wall in normotensive and hypertensive rat. Activity of superoxide production by NAD(P)H oxidase differ between cells from normotensive and hypertensive rat. Control of NAD(P)H oxidase activity is also changed in hypertensive animals, at least with respect to the effect of angiotensin II and uric acid. In our experimental work, we encountered unexpected properties of apocynin, a known inhibitor of phagocyte NADPH oxidase. We proved that apocynin can increase ROS production. The reason is that NAD(P)H oxidase is not inhibited directly...
|
|
|
Netradiční druhy ovoce pěstované v České Republice
Vejražka, Martin
In this thesis were described unusual types of fruit grown in the Czech Republic. Select was focused on species with a higher content of vitamin C. For selected species, which are Hippophae rhamnoides, Cornus mas, Sorbus aucuparia, Aronia melanocarpa, genus Rosa and Actinidia arguta, were described the origin and expansion, botanical characteristics, environmental conditions in where they can be grown and propagation. An important role also play contained substances, especially vitamin C.
|
guest ::
