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The issues of juvenile criminal justice
Sovák, Ondřej ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
of the Thesis "Problems in Juvenile Crimininal Justice" The thesis is dedicated to the juvenile criminal justice issues in the Czech Republic. The work is divided into three parts. The first part includes a historical view of the punishment of minors and the situation before the adoption of Act No. 218/2003 Coll. It then focuses on the complex legislative process of adopting the juvenile justice act and the reasons leading to its adoption. The largest space is devoted to individual amendments. The aim was to acquaint the reader with the development of the legislation with particular focus on the latest amendment introduced by Act No. 41/2009 Coll. which it has not been possible to pay attention to as appropriate in university theses so far. The second part describes the basic principles of juvenile criminal justice which are important for the understanding of the meaning of the Act. A study of basic principles can assist in drawing attention to controversial issues, or perhaps also assist in resolving them. At the same time, this part tries to highlight the ideological coherence of the whole Act which is reflected in its individual institutes. The third part is divided into four subparts by individual selected institutes of the Act. What is analyzed in detail are issues of the protection of minors'...
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Domestic violence and its prevention
Krénová, Julie ; Vanduchová, Marie (advisor) ; Jelínek, Jiří (referee)
ZÁVĚR Domácí násilí bylo po dlouhá staletí běžnou součást rodinného života. Muž, hlava rodiny, měl moc nad životem svých blízkých. Rozhodoval o sňatku dcery, vzdělání syna, trestu pro "neposlušnou" manželku. Rozdělení na mužské a ženské role bylo ve společnosti striktně dodržováno. Co se událo v rodině, to tam také zůstalo. Žádné domácí násilí oficiálně neexistovalo. Přístup státu a společnosti se postupem času změnil. Vývoj směřoval od ignorování problému, přes postih nejkřiklavějších incidentů až po snahu domácímu násilí předcházet. Dnes společnost fenomén domácího násilí nejen zná, ale také vnímá jeho závažnost a nutnost zásahu zvenku při jeho řešení. Zcitlivění veřejnosti, ať už laické či odborné, je klíčové. Jen nulová tolerance násilí uvnitř rodiny může vést k důslednému řešení problému. Na začátku 21. století téměř všichni obyvatelé České republiky vědí, co je domácí násilí.1 Nebyla to snadná cesta. Na jejím počátku bylo zavírání očí před problémem, případně nedostatečné a nesystematické postihování nejzávažnějších činů. První pozitivní změnu přineslo vložení samostatné skutkové podstaty § 215a do trestního zákona. Umožnilo trestat zlé zacházení pachatele s osobou, která s ním sdílí obydlí, bez ohledu na to, zda jednotlivý útok dosáhl intenzity trestného činu. Kriminalizace domácího násilí byla...
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The Crime of Dangerous Stalking under Section 354 of the Criminal Code
Kuřinová, Jana ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
Resumé v anglickém jazyce The issue of this thesis is the crime of dangerous stalking, which is set out in section 354 of the Act No 40/2009 Coll., Criminal Code and which criminalizes behavior commonly known under the term of stalking. The thesis aims not only at clarification of the criminal-law aspects of this crime, but also at its presentation in a more complex approach. So the thesis is divided into three parts, which are comprised of seven chapters. The first part, which is comprised of first two chapters, deals with stalking and its victims. This part addresses both the contemporary concept and historical development of this pathological phenomenon, frequency of its incidence, its possible manifestation, impact on pursued individuals and risk, which follow to them from stalking. The second part, which is comprised of third, fourth and fifth chapter, deals with issue of the crime of dangerous stalking itself. This part addresses the process of its implementation in the Czech criminal law and also its criminal- law aspects. So this part analyses this crime and deals also with possibilities of its concurrence with another crimes and with various tools of protection, which for pursued individuals provides the whole legal system. The last third part is comprised of sixth and seventh chapter. These...
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Domestic violence and its prevention
Minaříková, Lenka ; Zapletal, Josef (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
CONCLUSION The family violence is a problem which figure in the centre of the attention in our society. The family violence isn't in its substance only social or political problem, it's a suffering which individual people spend, people who don't deserved to live in a shame, in a pain or in a humbleness. Each woman or man who spent the domestic violence, are the individuals with the individual needs and not only the faces without names from the statistics. The good news is that the solutions are accessible and each individual with help and with a dose of courage will find his or her own way how to deprive of the violence. All depends on the victim who must realize that if she or he doesn't leave from the offender, nothing will be changed and his or her life won't be saved. Very important and necessary step is disproving the myths and the prejudices about domestic violence in the society. The public must realize that this action needs the regular check and the intervention from the state or the public authorities although domestic violence takes place in a privacy, at home. The big role play here the adult education and the educational and pedagogical programmes which are organised by the governments or nongovernmental organisations. Very positive thing is that the domestic violence and generally women or...
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Error in criminal law
Tylšarová, Kateřina ; Vokoun, Rudolf (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
Diese Diplomarbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem Irrtum im Strafrecht und seine Problematik. Zweck der Arbeit ist die Wichtigkeit von diesem strafrechtlichen Institut zu betonen und seine Rolle im Rahmen des Strafrechts klarzustellen. Daraus entspringt auch seine sehr enge Verbindung zwischen dem Irrtum und dem Grundsatz der Subsidiarität der Strafrepression, auf welchen muss man in einigen Fällen des Rechtirrtums eine besondere Rücksicht nehmen. Der Irrtum des Straftäters ist für die Rechtstheorie wesentlich. Und es hat eine große Bedeutung auch für den Täter, weil es Einfluss auf seine strafrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit hat. In dem ersten Teil definiere ich erstens einige Begriffe, die wesentlich für das Verständnis des Irrtums sind und auf welche wir nicht verzichten können. In dem ersten Kapitel geht es um den Straftat. In dem zweiten Kapitel verlege ich mich mit der subjektiven Seite der Straftat und mit den Begriffen wie das Verschulden, der Vorsatz, die Fahrlässigkeit, der Versuch, die Vorbereitu ngshandlung und Weitere, also die meist mit Zusammenhang mit dem Strafrechtirrtum verwendeten Begriffe. In dem dritten Kapitel stelle ich kurz auch die Umstände, die die Widerrechtlichkeit beseitigen, vor. Kurzgefasst zahle ich auf, um welche es geht und was wir uns unter diese Begriffe vorstellen...
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House Arrest Punishment, Its Execution and Control
Sommer, Ivo ; Tlapák Navrátilová, Jana (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
House Arrest Sentence, Its Execution and CHouse Arrest Sentence, Its Execution and CHouse Arrest Sentence, Its Execution and CHouse Arrest Sentence, Its Execution and Controlontrolontrolontrol House arrest is one of the new types of sentences brought by the new penal code, which came into force in 2010. This thesis should give a brief view on the matter of imposing, executing and control of the house arrest sentence in the Czech Republic. House arrest is a type of sentence when offender serves his sentence at home instead of prison. He or she must stay at home at night from 22.00 till 5.00 or in time determined by court and all the weekends and public holidays. It means that the sentenced person is able to perform his job or studies and take care of his/her family. Other reason for enacting the house arrest sentence is that the convicted person is not affected by the prison environment, which makes his return to normal life difficult or even impossible. Very important is also the financial matter of the sentence, because compared to imprisonment, the house arrest should save more than 2/3 of expenses. A court may impose house arrest when the criminal offence is punishable by the prison sentence in maximum duration of 5 years. The offender's explicit consent with the imposing of this sentence and other...
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