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Acute kidney injury in critically ill: experimental and clinical approaches
Valešová, Lenka ; Matějovič, Martin (advisor) ; Nalos, Marek (referee) ; Kieslichová, Eva (referee)
Acute kidney injury (AKI) complicates more than one third of intensive care unit admissions and is burdened by high morbidity and mortality of affected patients, with incidence steadily rising. Sepsis is the leading cause of AKI in critically ill. Despite growing insights into the pathogenesis of sepsis- induced AKI, we are so far not able to define successful AKI prevention and treatment. We aimed at assessing molecular mechanisms of sepsis- induced AKI using clinically relevant large animal model of sepsis and implementing new techniques of molecular biology- genomics and proteomics. Although acidosis is a common acid base disorder in critically ill, its role remains controversial. It is unknown whether acidosis is a marker of disease severity or is directly implicated in pathogenesis of acute organ dysfunction states. Its protective role is discussed with growing evidence of acidosis induced cellular energetics downregulation and reduced oxygen demand in stress conditions. We aimed to evaluate physiological effects of different types of acidosis on healthy organism on systemic and regional level, including a complex research of its effects on kidney to search for new AKI preventive and treatment modalities, which permissive acidosis could represent. Key words Acute kidney injury - sepsis -...
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Acute kidney injury in critically ill: experimental and clinical approaches
Valešová, Lenka ; Matějovič, Martin (advisor) ; Nalos, Marek (referee) ; Kieslichová, Eva (referee)
Acute kidney injury (AKI) complicates more than one third of intensive care unit admissions and is burdened by high morbidity and mortality of affected patients, with incidence steadily rising. Sepsis is the leading cause of AKI in critically ill. Despite growing insights into the pathogenesis of sepsis- induced AKI, we are so far not able to define successful AKI prevention and treatment. We aimed at assessing molecular mechanisms of sepsis- induced AKI using clinically relevant large animal model of sepsis and implementing new techniques of molecular biology- genomics and proteomics. Although acidosis is a common acid base disorder in critically ill, its role remains controversial. It is unknown whether acidosis is a marker of disease severity or is directly implicated in pathogenesis of acute organ dysfunction states. Its protective role is discussed with growing evidence of acidosis induced cellular energetics downregulation and reduced oxygen demand in stress conditions. We aimed to evaluate physiological effects of different types of acidosis on healthy organism on systemic and regional level, including a complex research of its effects on kidney to search for new AKI preventive and treatment modalities, which permissive acidosis could represent. Key words Acute kidney injury - sepsis -...
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Exclusions from patentability - European, Czech and British perspective
Valešová, Lenka ; Dobřichovský, Tomáš (advisor) ; Žikovská, Petra (referee)
The purpose of the thesis is to analyse exclusions and exceptions from patentability which is a negative requirement for an invention to enjoy a patent protection. It aims to answer the question why the exclusions are needed and whether they should be preserved as some of them proved to be very controversial. The law and practice of the European Patent Office, the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom are compared with the emphasis on the European Patent Convention and the EPO's case law. In the national regulation, mainly the differences and peculiarities to the European approach are pointed out. The work is composed of four chapters. The first chapter explains the basic concepts of patent law and presents justifications for patent protection. The second chapter deals with various patent systems and reviews the most important international tools of harmonization. In the third chapter, the exclusions are introduced and the distinction between Article 52(2) and (3) EPC (exclusions) and Article 53 (exceptions) is clarified whereas it is submitted that the difficulty posed by the exclusions lies in the interpretation of the words "as such" used in Article 52(3) EPC. The main focus of the thesis lies in chapter four which is subdivided into nine subchapters, each discussing one of the exclusions and...
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