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Financial support of small and medium enterprises through the European structural funds in the time of financial crisis
Karlíková, Aneta ; Teplý, Petr (advisor) ; Vacek, Pavel (referee)
The goal of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of subsidy programme OPPI 2007-2013 aimed at softening the impacts of the economic crisis 2007-2009 on small and medium enterprises and also to characterize the influence of this crisis on drawing on the funds from the subsidy programme OPPI. The intention of this paper is to explain why the small and medium enterprises are in financial difficulties and facing the problem with receiving credit during the financial crisis. It describes alternative funding using the subsidy from the European Union structural funds provided within the OPPI and the programmes of Českomoravská záruční a rozvojová banka (Czech-Moravian guarantee and development bank). In conclusion, a verbal analysis is used to evaluate the efficiency of the alternative anti-crisis measures in practice. The outcomes of the analysis are compared to the case study of the small enterprise.
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Predatory Behaviour in Transportation Sector - "Czech Railways v. Leo Express" case
Slámová, Iva ; Vacek, Pavel (advisor) ; Schwarz, Jiří (referee)
It is important to control whether dominant companies in particular market sectors follow laws and rules and do not abuse their dominance at the expense of weaker companies. This behaviour is likely to damage current or avoid the entry of new competitors, shrink the competition and set the environment for price changes the consumer is exposed to. The thesis clarifies the theoretical aspect of this issue and tries to apply it on the real case from the railway transport sector in order to describe the procedure of defining relevant market and market share and investigating the abusive behaviour. A questionnaire survey among railway passeners is an integral part of the thesis. JEL Classification D21, D22, K21, L11, L12, L40 Keywords Predatory prices, relevant market, SSNIP test, railway transport, Czech Railways Author's e-mail Iva-Slamova@seznam.cz Supervisor's e-mail vacek@fsv.cuni.cz
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The Main Determinants of European Trade Integration
Spivacenco, Carolina ; Vacek, Pavel (advisor) ; Dingová, Vilma (referee)
The importance of international trade cannot be neglected as it represents an important channel of wealth creation in the actual globalised world. Thus, the present writer aims to identify how the commercial flows have changed after the adoption of Euro and once the financial crisis has burst. Furthermore the main factors that influence trade are researched by using the gravitational econometric model and employing panel data for 14 EU member countries. The results show that the intensity of commercial exchanges are highly influenced by the level of development (GDP) of the country and the amount of FDI that are attracted, while the use of a common currency appears to be not too significant. At the same time, indicators are more sensible during the crisis period than the stable one, hence even small changes in independent variables can lead to higher decrease in trade. Key words: European trade, liberalization, competitiveness, financial crisis, contagion, Euro, gravitational model.
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Measuring Welfare Effects of the US-China Trade War Using General Equilibrium Models
Kim, Ha Eun ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Vacek, Pavel (referee)
This study analyzes the trade war between the United States (US) and China using the GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) CGE (Computable General Equilibrium) model. Five scenarios focused on economic decoupling are ana- lyzed: 1. Mutual tariff levels increased to 25%, 2. Mutual tariff levels increased to 45%, 3. Bilateral export levels decreased by 25%, 4. Bilateral export levels decreased by 45%, and 5. Trade efficiency decreased by 10%. The analysis shows both the US and China's consumer welfare and GDP decreased across all scenarios, with a larger decrease in China. In addition, when exports from China and the United States decrease, there is an increase in exports from the ASEAN region. JEL Classification C68, F13, F11, Keywords Trade war, CGE, General Equilibrium Title Measuring the Welfare Effects of the US-China Trade War Using a Computable General Equi- librium Model Author's e-mail hehaeunk@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail vilem.semerak@fsv.cuni.cz
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Analysis of the EU - South Korea FTA and its effects on their mutual trade using the gravity model
Vinšová, Katarína ; Paulus, Michal (advisor) ; Vacek, Pavel (referee)
The European Union (EU) and South Korea signed the EU- South Korea free trade agreement (FTA) in 2011 and since then they started to gradually remove barriers to their mutual trade. This thesis is analyzing the effects of this agreement on their bilateral trade flow in 10 commodity sections from 2005 until 2018. For this analysis we are using gravity model that is estimated by OLS and PPML method for comparison. This analysis showed that the EUSouth Korea FTA influences their mutual trade in all 10 sections differently due to different levels of protectionism at the beginning. The FTA had a positive influence on their mutual trade in 9 commodity sections out of 10. In the Section 9 we found a negative effect of the FTA. Contrary to our beliefs we also found out that the highest increase in their mutual trade was not in automobile and electronic industry but in the chemical industry. JEL Classification C23, F14, F33, C16 Keywords Free Trade agreement, South Korea, European Union, gravity model Title Analysis of the EU - South Korea FTA and its effects on their mutual trade using the gravity model Author's e-mail katarina.vinsova@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail michal.paulus@fsv.cuni.cz
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Analysis of the Investment Environment of Chinese Commercial Properties in Czech Republic
Wang, Yining ; Vacek, Pavel (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee) ; Radošević, Slavo (referee)
Many countries would like to use foreign direct investment to increase the growth of GDP and promote stable development. The Czech Republic is one of the countries having the largest FDI within Central and Eastern Europe. Meanwhile, Chinese investments have increased significantly and already became an important feature of the China-Europe relationships during recent years. The closer cooperation between China and Europe could encourage FDI. Within the kinds of FDI, the real estate industries experienced a rapid increase in many developed and emerging regions. Therefore, the aim of this study is aiming to analyse the investment environment of Chinese commercial properties in the Czech Republic. Two basic research designs will be employed for this research. The first design is focusing on collected recent available data to present the investment climate of the Czech Republic. In this part, we also make comparisons of the Czech Republic with serval economies. We found that the relatively low cost of labour, low inflation rate, easier to set-up a business (in terms of both times consuming and cash consuming) make the Czech Republic becomes more attractive. And this is consistent with the empirical analysis. Secondly, the questionnaire method was used for the study and we get back 108 questionnaires....
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The Impact of the EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement on EU's Exports
Czakojová, Kristýna ; Polák, Petr (advisor) ; Vacek, Pavel (referee)
1 Abstract To support exports, the European Union (EU) and South Korea concluded the EU-South Korea free trade agreement (FTA) in 2010. An objective of the FTA was to reduce or remove barriers to international trade. This thesis examines the impact of the FTA on EU's exports. The gravity model of international trade was applied in the study with using the data over the years 2005-2017. The hypothesis was tested using static and dynamic GLS random and fixed effects, static LSDV model and dynamic GMM model. The two-step SYS- GMM model was concluded as a valid estimate. Empirical analysis shows that the exports between the two countries are predicted to be about 13.8 % higher if they have signed the EU-South Korea Free trade agreement, holding other factors fixed. Moreover, a positive impact of GDP and a negative impact of distance on export were detected, as expected.
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How does death of a household member affect consumption? The Case of Mexico
Šedivý, Marek ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Vacek, Pavel (referee)
In this thesis, we study the effect of death of a household member on the evolution of household per capita consumption. We provide multiple contributions to the available literature. We are the first to analyze all three waves of the Mexican Family Life Survey and use them to estimate the effect of within-household mortality on consumption. Furthermore, we assess to what extent this effect depends on the characteristics of the deceased household member. We also provide evidence on the persistence of the shock into consumption. We rely on a fixed-effects model. We find that households are capable of perfectly smoothing shocks into consumption caused by within-household mortality. However, we find evidence indicating that the effect of within- household mortality on consumption is likely to depend on the characteristics of the affected household. We consider multiple robustness checks. Based on these we conclude that our findings are robust against variations in the specification of our model.
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The Scale of Corporate Profit Shifting out of the United States
Stárek, Martin ; Janský, Petr (advisor) ; Vacek, Pavel (referee)
There is a large body of literature indicating that profits are shifted into countries with better conditions, i.e. lower tax rates. It was showed that the problem is nonlinear. However, precise estimates are missing in the available literature. In this thesis we improved the precision by allowing for nonlinearity, time-variant tax semi-elasticity of profits and financial secrecy is a driver of the profit shifting. We showed that all three elements of the estimation are very important. Our analysis suggests that the profit shifting problem started at the turn of millennium and increases since, with some temporal drops. The highest amount of profit shifted out of the United States was almost 300 billion of U.S. dollars with the consequent revenue loss of 62.3 billion of U.S. dolars.
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