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Percolation column tests and investigation of contaminant leaching from mineral wastes: theory and experiment with metallurgical slag
Gottvald, Matouš ; Ettler, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Vítková, Martina (referee)
Leaching represents an essential concept related to the natural processes that occur at the contact between solids and solutions. The leaching properties of mineral wastes point to the mobility of contained contaminants in various scenarios and, thus, the environmental risk of the wastes. Experimental tools have been developed to determine the leachability over a range of conditions and to be a part of the waste evaluation workflow. Special emphasis is given to the dynamic column leaching tests that approximate percolation occurring in the field and enable to describe the time dependence of leaching. Processes that are observed in full-scale systems may substantially differ from those in the laboratory simulations. Apart from the field experiments and geochemical modelling, also modifying the original leaching test protocols expands our awareness of the mineral waste behaviour. We performed a column leaching test. Secondary Pb metallurgical slag coming from the Pb-scrap recycling was leached according to the standardised column leaching test EN 14405 as a part of broader research on the leachability of slag exposed to the wetting-drying cycles. The cumulative leached mass of both metal and major elements was lower compared to the previous turn; bulk leached masses of the main contaminants related...
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"I confess to evangelical belief." The Non-Catholics World in the South-west Moravia and Transformations of Tolaration Period
VÍTKOVÁ, Martina
The graduation thesis "I confess to evangelical belief." The Non-Catholics World in the South-west Moravia and Transformations of Tolaration Period deals with a question of hid-den (later tolerated) non-Catholicism in 18th and the first half of 19th century. It seeks to take a portrait of a confessional development in this area and it tries to enter non-Catholics thinking on the one hand and catholic priests or officials on the other hand. The sources for this re-search are literature, editions and archival sources. There are hearings and trials with people who received prohibited books - that is the most interesting question in the time before the Patent of the Toleration. The interrogations unveil partly a network of non-catholic relation-ship, their considerations, attitudes, social standing, mobility and their "world". They reflect catholic priests and missionaries (from Jesuit Seminary in Telč) working. The second part is focused on the changes in formal and informal relations in a rural scene in Toleration time. It denotes perhaps an inherent tolerance, solidarity persisting from the time of persecutions, but also a confessional intolerance in Toleration time, etc.
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Bioavailability of arsenic in the mine waste in Kaňk near Kutná Hora
Raus, Karel ; Drahota, Petr (advisor) ; Vítková, Martina (referee)
Summary: Arsenic relative bioavailability (RBA) in mine wastes is always lower than 100%. Total concentration of As at Kaňk varied between 87 and 15500 mg.kg-1 in collected samples of road dust, urban soil and mine waste, however the bioaccessible amount of arsenic obtained with SRBC-G method was much lower (6-795 mg.kg-1 ). Crucial factors influencing arsenic bioaccessibility are pH value and solubility of mineral phases which are stable under given conditions of the sample. Although the highest total As concentrations were found in the mine wastes (9250-15500 mg.kg-1 ), these samples displayed the lowest As bioaccessibilities (5,1 ± 1,3%). This is probably due to the prevalence of poorly soluble Fe- arsenates and As-sulfides in the low-pH mine wastes. In the near-neutral samples of road dust and urban soil the As bioaccessibility showed slightly higher values (7,5 ± 2,6%; 8,2 ± 2,6% respectively). From the chemistry and mineralogy of the samples it is possible to recognize the mine wastes as the main source of As contamination in soil and road dust at the Kaňk village. The bioaccessibility of arsenic and other pollutants from the specific site provides more accurate data for the health risk assessment, although the valid in vivo/in vitro comparison doesn't seem to be revealed.
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Stability of amorphous Mn oxide-based sorbent as a function of pH
Tomášová, Zdeňka ; Ettler, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Vítková, Martina (referee)
Soil systems contaminated by toxic metals and metalloids from anthropogenic sources present hazard for human health and other environmental compartments. Chemical stabilization using the Fe, Al and Mn oxides is one of the potential decontamination techniques. Manganese oxides exhibit a number of properties for being efficient sorbents of toxic metals, such as low point of zero charge, structure that allows ion acceptance and large specific surface. The focus of this thesis is to determine the stability of novel synthetic amorphous manganese oxide (AMO) as a function of pH using the pH-static leaching test. Manganese was released into the solution, with decreasing concentration in leachate as a function of pH: Mn concentration at pH 3 was 34 100 mg/L and at pH 8 only 90 mg/L. The data show that the solid phase mass loss is clearly dependent on the pH value, with the mass loss of 98,4 % and 11,2 % at pH 3 and 8, respectively. On the AMO surfaces, the newly formed crystals of rodochrosite (MnCO3) were observed; they partly control the Mn release at pH > 5. Based on the observed pH-dependent stability, it appears that the use of AMO as a sorbent of toxic metals could be a suitable method for neutral or alkaline soils, while its application for acidic soils seems to be unsuitable. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Evaluation of running in floorball category U10
Vítková, Martina ; Kaplan, Aleš (advisor) ; Červinka, Pavel (referee)
Thema works: Evaluation of running in floorball category U10 Student: Bc. Martina Vítková Supervisor: PhDr. Aleš Kaplan, Ph.D. Aims: Monitoring the running technique of school age children, who plays floorball and improve their technique in a short-time program. Methodology: In this thesis I evaluated the running technique of the selected group of children playing floorball in TJ Tatran Stresovice in order to identify different running techniques. To assist this evaluation I used photographs focussing on certain areas of the body (see Results section). Results: From the front view the feet are most commontly found in the feet out position, with the most common arm movement being across the front of the body. From the side view most commontly seen is arm movement from the shoulder joint, upright posture, running on the toes. The tests showed that the children's running technique is not established as the second test showed different mistakes to those occurring in the first test. Key words: the running technique, physical literacy, floorball and deviation from the running technique.
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Use of LCA (life cycle assessment) in environmental sciences
Francová, Michaela ; Ettler, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Vítková, Martina (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to describe the analytical method called the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and to show its practical applications in case studies especially in waste management. The LCA method consists of four phases. The first phase is the definition of the intention and volume of the study, which includes the subject, the recipient, the place concerned and the purpose of the study together with specifications of the scope of product system. The second phase deals with the life cycle inventory. The investigators collect the accessible data on individual inputs and outputs of the product system, which are consequently embedded into the inventory chart. The third phase applies to the assessment of the life cycle impact on predefined categories using the impact categories indicators. The final phase summarizes the interpretation of the life cycle, its intelligibility for the submitter being mainly considered.
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In vitro assessment of copper-chelating properties of isolated pure compounds from silymarine
Vítková, Martina ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Polášek, Miroslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Mgr. Martina Vítková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Consultant: doc. Ing. Kateřina Valentová, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: In vitro assessment of copper-chelating properties of isolated pure compounds from silymarin Copper is a trace element. Copper is important in many enzymatic reactions, for haemopoiesis, sugar metabolism, bone formation and for the nervous system. Disorder of copper homeostasis in organism will lead to Wilson disease, Menkes disease, Alzheimer's disease or Prion disease. Chelation agent binds redundant copper from tissues during chelation. The subject of this thesis was to in vitro designate effectivity of chelation cupric and cuprous ions by selected pure compounds isolated from silymarin and sulphates which are arised in organism as a metabolite. I used two spectrophotometric methods - hematoxylin method (to detect if the compound chelate copper) and bathocuproin method (more competitive assay) at various pH levels. All tested compounds chelated cupric and cuprous ions in hematoxylin method. 2,3-dehydrosilybin A+B and 2,3-dehydrosilychristin had the highest chelation effect in bathocuproin method. Keywords: silymarin, flavonolignans, copper, chelation, hematoxylin,...
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Quality of life and development of nutritional status of patiens on home parenteral nutrition
Vítková, Martina ; Křížová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Trachta, Pavel (referee)
My Bachelor thesis focuses on life quality evaluation and nutritional status development in patients on a home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Theoretical part focuses on general information about patient examination after their arrival in a hospital. It further focuses on indication, division, composition and complications of parenteral nutrition and it gives a brief summary of basic knowledge about parenteral nutrition applied in home environment. HPN is most often recommended in patients with short bowel syndrom, ileus or some oncological diseases. The main expected benefit of HPN is an option for the patient to persist at home surrounded by family as opposed to being in a hospital. Even though HPN still comes with many complications, these patients still have a chance to live a relatively normal life. Two goals were set to evaluate the practical part of the thesis. First goal is to assesses the quality of life of patients on HPN and to determine whether the quality of life is changed and if so then how. Second goal is to describe the change of nutritional status in patients on home parenteral nutrition. These goals were achieved by using research questions focused on determining patient's feelings, health complications, ability to take part in physical activity and to integrate back into their work...
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