|
|
Reforms of European Labour Markets
Holčapek, Tomáš ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
Diploma thesis "Reforms of European Labour Markets" deals with the various types of approach of the European Union Member States to regulation of labour market and to the related measures in the field of social security and assistance. Nearly all European states attempt to maintain and develop the concept of welfare state, which ideally should provide the population with the necessary level of security and social protection while simultaneously should not inhibit economic activity and progress by overly rigid regulation. The thesis describes the model categories into which the advanced European countries may be divided, particularly the liberal, Scandinavian and traditional approach. Each of them is associated with specific advantages and disadvantages, between which the Member States seek balance. The respective model types are illustrated using the example of six selected European countries. The subject of interest of the thesis also comprises the recent reform efforts in these Member States. The thesis deals with endeavours to coordinate national policies in the area of employment on the level of European Union institutions and examines both the set targets and actually achieved results in this field. From the methodological point of view, a synthesis of economic, juristic and other approaches to the...
|
|
|
Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU and Agricultural Negotiations in the Framework of the World Trade Organization
Drbohlavová, Marta ; Urban, Luděk (advisor) ; Látal, Jan (referee)
The main topic of this diploma thesis is the recent reform of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union (CAP). The second topic is the agricultural negotiations in the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Last but not least, the question of the influence of the negotiations in the WTO on the CAP reform is discussed. The first chapter concerns with the details of the process of the CAP reform and it also shows the main differences between the previous forms of the CAP and reformed one (e.g. the reforms to the intervention mechanism). Secondly, this chapter includes the description and the analysis of the fundamental key elements of the new CAP - the single farm payment (SFP), cross compliance, modulation and rural development. It is expected that the SFP brings visible and necessary changes in the financing of the CAP. The SFP decouples the payments and production. In the future farmers make decisions firmly according to the situation on the market. There is no more any incentive for the production. Full decoupling was an ideal presented by the European Commission. Member states, however, decide to maintain a proportion of direct aids to farmers in their existing form. It means hat in some sectors the idea of the full decoupling is not brought into being. The reform also emphasizes...
|
|
|
European Research Policy. Recent Development and Perspectives.
Zavázalová, Helena ; Urban, Luděk (advisor) ; Rovná, Lenka (referee)
The diploma thesis "European R&D policy. Recent development and perspectives" deals with the last development and the state-of-the-art of the EU research policy. The thesis examines why, despite all efforts, Europe has not managed to increase the volume and efficiency of its research and technological development. The last part of the thesis shortly examines the position of the European research in the Czech Republic and of the Czech Republic in the European research and the benefits for CR. First part of the study deals with the Community sixth framework programme for R
|
|
|
The role of the institutions in the process of formulation of the renewed sustainable development strategy (2006)
Škrábalová, Lenka ; Rovná, Lenka (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee) ; Zadražilová, Dana (referee)
The aim of the disseration is to assess the participation of institutions in the process of the formulation of the EU Sustainable Development Strategy and to find out, which of the institution was mainly responsible for leadership in strategic management towards the sustainable development EU. The participation of institutions in this process was analysed from the point of view of main integration theories (intergovernmental and supranational) and by the application of the model of formulation of strategy (Continuous Improvement Approach to Managing Sustainable Development). The main aspect of this dissertation was to analyse the practical realisation of sustainable development at the EU level as well as to observe various actors which were involved in the process of preparation of the EU Sustainable Development Strategy. The method of analysis was analytical and narrative case study design. The research was embedded in the context of enforcement of sustainable develoment policy at the EU level.
|
|
|
Economic performance of the EU vis-a-vis the USA
Marek, Lukáš ; Urban, Luděk (advisor) ; Svačinová, Tereza (referee)
Diploma thesis "Economic performance of the EU vis-à-vis the USA" deals with the issue of EU economic underperformance vis-à-vis the US economic efficiency. This negative trend can be observed since the early 70's. The analysis is based on the assumption that the economic gab between both economies rests on structural grounds. This paper focuses on two areas, which are important for economic growth in the EU. Firstly, it is the economic competition in the Common market. This theme is directly related to the process of European economic integration. The analysis indicates that good market accessibility for competitors stimulates productivity growth in the respective industry. However, firms in the Common market have to face higher barriers to entry and exit than their counterparts in the US. The second field of study deals with research and development in the member states. Present endogenous growth theories assume that technological progress is a crucial factor of long-term economic growth. European Common market should therefore create conditions favourable to business funded R&D so that more and better innovations can be introduced in Europe. However, the analysis indicates that the economic gab between the EU and the US takes place not just due to underdeveloped ICT and biotechnology sector. A great deal...
|
|
| |
|
|
ENERGY POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Pazderníková, Kamila ; Urban, Luděk (advisor) ; NÁHRADNÍ, OPONENT (referee)
This work focuses on the reasons and beginnings of creation of European energy policy, the role of environment in this policy and different kinds of energy sources with special focus on the renewable ones. The hot topic of liberalization of European energy policy is also discussed. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
Emission trading: evaluation of the European experience
Řízková, Markéta ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
Our aim is to show complex picture and highlight the most discussed features of the emission trading and especially the functioning of the European System of Emission Trading (EU ETS) as a representative of the biggest functioning emission trading system. The key approaches involved in our analysis are both theoretical and practical. In the theoretical section we compare emission trading and environmental taxes and we discuss when it is better to regulate by price and when by quantity instruments. We will discuss the possible allocation methods and especially method of auctioning as the most theoretically preferred allocation method. The practical approach will tackle following two aspects: how the emission allowances have been allocated within the EU ETS in Phase 1 and Phase 2 and what the planned changes are in post 2012. Finally, we will look at the results of allocation versus emission during the first trading period in years 2005-2007 and how it might look in the future in Phase 2 and beyond..
|
|
|
Characteristic position of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the European Union illustated on the event of British rebate
Brožová, Lucie ; Rovná, Lenka (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
This thesis deals with the problem of British attitude towards European integration. The relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union is described via the existence of a phenomenon of British European budget rebate. The budget rebate is a British reduction in price of the cost of contribution annually sent to the common European Union's budget. It was won by the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in Fontainebleau Summit in 1984. The main reason for giving Great Britain this privilege was the fact that the UK was one of the biggest net contributor to the budget. On the other hand, the UK received too little from the budget because it had only a small agricultural sector. The European budget was aimed primarily for subsidising the European farmers. The UK's annual VAT-based contribution to the European budget is reduced according to a formula first set out in the Fontainebleau Agreement. This reduction is equal to 66 % of the difference between what the UK pay for the EC budget and the receipts, which the UK gets back. But, the rebate applies only as for spending within the EU and the British contribution is calculated as if the budget were financed only by VAT. The European Commission is responsible for determining and calculating the amount of the UK's abatement. It is generally calculated...
|
|
|
Tax competition in the European Union : No need for worries?
Vitásek, Jan ; Schneider, Ondřej (advisor) ; Urban, Luděk (referee)
High capital mobility creates headache in some of the European countries who afraid of potential race to the bottom in corporate taxes. They warn the tax competition can have a negative impact on tax revenues and redistributive motives of European governments. These concerns became more pronounced in the wake of the EU enlargement in 2004, when 10 mostly low tax countries entered the EU. Tax competition theories generally conclude there is a pressure forcing corporate tax rates downwards. Nevertheless, under certain conditions the race to the bottom does not have to materialize. Downward trend in corporate taxation is not confirmed by European reality either. Despite lower corporate taxes in new member countries enlargement has not so far led to erosion of tax bases. It is unclear, however, how corporate taxation in the EU will evolve in the following years, especially in face of new European Commission's plan to introduce Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) and ongoing process of economic catching-up by new member states. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
guest ::
RSS feed.