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Lipoprotein study by SEC/LLSD method
Šinglárová, Simona ; Tvrzická, Eva (advisor) ; Staňková, Barbora (referee)
The disorders of the lipid metabolism have to be monitored for a number of socially significant diseases. For the diagnosis of these disorders, it turned out in the last 10 years as very beneficial to determine the particle size of the individual lipoprotein classes, in particular the low-density lipoprotein. Among several known methods, we have chosen gel filtration with the light scattering detector. Lipoprotein fractions were separated by ultracentrifugation from the plasma of four donors. Three biochemical parameters - total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and total protein - were routinely determined for plasma and for each fraction. The silica column BioBasic SEC 300x7,8 mm was calibrated by the proteins thyroglobulin, ovalbumin and angiotensin II with UV detection (280 nm). These proteins are not suitable (due to the size) for the calibration method SEC-LLSD. Therefore, latex beads of various modifications and sizes were tested. The only usable measurement was obtained for the deep-blue latex beads of the size 55 nm, the others remained retained in the column. The lipoprotein fractions of VLDL and LDL were examined by the SEC-LLSD method at different pH (7.3, 7.5, 7.7, 8.0) and ionic strength (0.1M phosphate buffer, 0.1M phosphate buffer and 0.9% NaCl, 0.05M phosphate buffer and 0.9% NaCl)....
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Qulity of lipids in foods
Křivohlavá, Renata ; Doležal, Marek (advisor) ; Tvrzická, Eva (referee)
The title of the work is "Quality of lipids in food". The work is divided into two parts. The first is theoretical, the other is experimental. The theoretical part is divided into two chapters. The first section describes general chemical composition and properties of lipids. This point is further divided into four sections, which are specifically focused on different groups of lipids. The second theoretical point of attention is focused on the importance of fat in the diet, the synthesis of fatty acids, lipid digestion and issues related to absorbancy and lipid transport. This section also contains a passage which refers to further dietary recommendations, among which highlights the question of the proper quantity and quality of fat contained in food. There are not omitted principles of proper use and storage of fat. The last section of this section deals with dietary supplements and functional foods from which the positive effect on human health is expected. The experimental part is based on chemical analysis of twenty samples of dietary supplements containing n-3 fatty acids. These fatty acids play a vital role in the prevention and treatment of many diseases, especially myocardial infarction or ischemic heart disease. In the screening of these products, attention was focused on the content of...
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Aktivita antioxidačních enzymů za různých patofyziologických stavů.
Vávrová, Lucie ; Tvrzická, Eva (advisor) ; Borovanský, Jan (referee) ; Oliyarnyk, Olena (referee)
Background: Oxidative stress is supposed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases which are connected with increased formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). Oxidative stress could play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and sepsis, acute and chronic pancreatitis or in the development of cancer. Organisms are protected against RONS from antioxidant system that is composed of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants. To the most important antioxidant enzymes belong superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and paraoxonase (PON). The aim of this Doctoral Thesis was to investigate the behaviour of three of these antioxidant enzymes - CuZnSOD, CAT and PON1 in different pathophysiological states. Materials and methods: The activities of CuZnSOD, CAT and PON1 were measured in six different pathophysiological states. Forty patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS), 35 women with depressive disorder (DD), 30 septic patients (SP), 50 patients with pancreatic cancer (PC), 50 patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) and 13 patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) were included in different studies together with sex- and age-matched healthy controls (CON). Patients with AP and SP were observed in the course...
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Metabolism of fatty acids in pancreatic diseases
Macášek, Jaroslav ; Tvrzická, Eva (advisor) ; Stožický, František (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee)
Introduction: Chronic pancreatitis (ChP) is a progressive inflammatory disorder characterized by the destruction of parenchyma that is replaced by fibrous tissue. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a serious oncologic disease with poor prognosis. There is evidence that deregulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism is connected with a number of diseases. We decided to analyze profile of FA in plasma lipid classes in patients with ChP, with 2 type diabetes mellitus (DM), with PC and healthy people. Pattern of FA is affected by many factors including starvation, dietary intake and various pathological states. The aim of the study was to analyze FA pattern in all lipid classes in all groups of patients, to elicit eventual deficiency of essential FA and to detect relationship between clinical or biochemical disturbances and FA profile. Material and methods: Patients with ChP (n= 39, 30/9 M/F), patients with ChP+DM (n=39, 30/9 M/F), patients with 2 type DM (n=38, 30/8 M/F) and healthy persons paired by the sex and age (n=39, 30/9 M/F) were included in the first group. Second group consisted of 84 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (47/37 M/F) and 68 healthy volunteers (36/32 M/F). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were examined by conventional methods. Profile of FA in plasma lipids was determined by...
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Relationship of selected indicators of nutritional status and results of oesophageal cancer treatment with chemoradiotherapy and surgery
Zemanová, Milada ; Tvrzická, Eva (advisor) ; Vaňásek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee)
The impact was assessed of clinical and nutritional factors on prognosis of 107 oesophageal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CHRT) and surgery. Individualised nutritional support, according to grade of dysphagia was carried out in all the patients. Serum leptin, soluble leptin receptors (SLR), TNF, IGF and fatty acid (FA) profiles in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) were studied as well. Addition of paclitaxel to carboplatin and continual fluorouracil significantly increased toxicity without influencing efficacy of the treatment. Post-operative node negativity, grade of dysphagia, weight loss and serum albumin were proved to be prognostic factors of survival and time to progression. CHRT led to decrease of SLR, palmitoleic and oleic acid and increase of n-3 polyunsaturated FA in PC. Lower concentrations of SLR were associated with improved survival of the patients. Key words: oesophageal cancer, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, weight loss, paclitaxel, albumin, soluble leptin receptor, fatty acids
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Advanced lipidomics in selected clinical conditions
Staňková, Barbora ; Tvrzická, Eva (advisor) ; Hyánek, Josef (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee)
Abnormalities of lipid metabolism are considered risk factors for cardiovascular, metabolic, nephrologic diseases amd some malignancies, as well. Nowadays, a lot of effort is devoted to study new risk factors and surrogate markers of conditions mentioned above to improve their prognosis and decrease mortality. The aim of this thesis was to provide a comprehensive survey of lipid metabolism, characteristics of different lipid compounds in health and diseases and of possibilities of utilization of selected lipid parameters in the diagnostics of pathological conditions listed above. Selected lioid parameters were observed in several studies, focused on specific pathological conditions. Besides conventional lipid analytes, the composition of fatty acids in plasma lipid pools was studied in healthy controls, and in the patients suffering from metabolic syndrome, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer, as well. Markers of an oxidative stress (oxidatively modified LDL particles and conjugated dienes in precipitated LDL) were assessed in healthy controls, patients with metabolic syndrome, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, and in the patients with different concentrations of plasma apoB-48, too. LDL particles subfraction were investigated in healthy controls, in the patients with different...
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