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Urban air pollution related to the specific meteorological condition
Tesař, Miroslav
The main objectives of the present project are: (i) To create and maintain the monitoring system for the occult precipitation observation and assessment (i.e. sample taking active devices were installed in the chosen urban areas and both active and passive collectors were installed in the comparative mountainous region ); (ii) to examine if site-to-site differences in cloud and fog water chemical composition exist in the urban areas with various contaminant load; (iii) to assess the dependence of the pollutant concentration on the fog type and meteorological conditions; (iv) to work out the so-called climatological standards describing the frequency and duration of the individual types of occult precipitation for each locality; (v) to study the physical basis of the cloud and fog water deposition on the solid obstacle with the use of the mathematical modelling (using of the micrometeorological model).
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Soil water regime of the artic-alpine tundra of the Giant Mts. region, assessment and modelling
Tesař, Miroslav
This subproject deals with the soil moisture dynamics in the mountainous region of the Krkonoše (Giant) Mts. as a starting point for qualitative studies taking into account the newly developed discontinuous and essentially nonhomogenous approach to the soil water regime character. As precise as possible identification of the accumulation and percolation phases of the soil water regime should be the main result of the soil water regime observation. The attention is also paid: (i) to the study and description of the runoff from a watershed formation taking into account the soil moisture dynamics and storage as an important factor affecting surface runoff formation; (ii) to the determination of the influence of the land-use changes on the soil water regime.
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The rainfall-runoff formation from a small catchment
Tesař, Miroslav ; Šír, Miloslav ; Syrovátka, Oldřich ; Bayer, T. ; Eliáš, Václav
We dedicate this contribution to the question how the relation of outflow of water from the soil into the transport collector determined by hydropedological methods bears with the discharge at the closure profile of a small forest catchment in the course of a vegetation season. In connection with this phenomena we investigate how much is such catchment homogenous. The monitored catchments Liz and Albrechtec are sloping, their geological subsoil is formed of impermeable bottom and they don't contain significant parts with ground water level. The soil cover is composed of several horizons with different aquifer properties, but the precipitated water largely infiltrates downwards the soil, so that a surface and subsurface runoff angle wise downhill to the watercourse is a very rare phenomena which appears at catastrophic rains only. The forest stand is represented by spruce. The both catchments are located in the elevation from 700 to 1000 m a.s.l. in the mountain region of Šumava.
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Water Balance of the Soil Profile of the Headwater Region in the Krkonoše (Giant Mts)
Tesař, Miroslav ; Šír, Miloslav ; Syrovátka, Oldřich ; Dvořák, I.
The present article deals with the soil water regime of the mountainous localities in the Krkonoše (Giants) Mts. (mountainous meadow and dwarf pine forest). Both localities lie at the Labská louka region at the right bank of the Labe river at the elevation of about 1360 m a.s.l. Soil water regime is described by the time course of the soil water storage and outflow of water below the soil profile. The long-term water balance of the soil profile was composed in the form of the cumulative lines of precipitation, evapotranspiration and outflow of water below the soil profile to the substratum. Evapotranspiration was estimated with the help of the energy balance of the plant cover based on the global radiation input and air temperature close to the soil profile. Outflow of water below the soil profile to the substratum was determined using the tensiometric soil moisture monitoring. Soil water storage was recalculated with the use of retention curves from time series of tensiometric data sets. Rainfall totals were measured using the standard rain gauge.
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Urban Air Pollution Related to the Specific Meteorological Condition
Tesař, Miroslav
The goal of the project is to estimate the amount of water and pollutants delivered via clouds and fogs and to examine if site-to-site differences exist in urban areas. A few localities were equipped by instuments. A compariosn of pollutant concentration in fog and cloud water collected in urban regions is carried out. The mathematical deposition model for the assessment cloud and fog water deposition adapted for urban areas is used. The attention is also paid to the influence of the meteorological conditions of the fog developmnet in the urban areas on pollutant concentration.
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Soil water regime of the tundra in the Krkonose Mts., assessment and modelling
Tesař, Miroslav
The present annual report summarises the results achieved in the framework of the Subproject 1 of the VaV/610/3/00 Project entitled: Complex analysis of the long-term changes of the tundra in the Krkonose Mts. in 2000. In order to fill objectives of this subproject 1 and to simplify the structure of the project, five mutually dependent parallel research lines may be distinguished: i) experimental research, ii) laboratory research, iii) numerical modelling, iv) soil water regime study in the basin scale, v) determination of the soil water regime characteristics, vi) estimate of the potential soil water regime changes.
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Occult precipitation as an important input to water and mass balance of the mountainous catchment
Tesař, Miroslav ; Šír, Miloslav ; Kulasová, A. ; Fottová, D. ; Eliáš, Václav
Present article deals with observation, assessment and modelling of the occult precipitation at the small representative basins in the National Park of the Šumava Mts. (Liz, 0,99 km2, 828 - 1024 m n.m.), National Park of Krkonoše (Giants) Mts. (Modrý potok, 2,62 km2, 1010 - 1554 m n.m.) and in the Protected Landscape Region of the Jizerské hory Mts.(Uhlířská, 1,87 km3, 780 - 870 m n.m.). The amount of occult precipitation was estimated with the use of the mathematical micrometeorological model and frog and cloud water samples collected with the help of passive and active collectors were chemically analysed.
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Occult precipitation as an important contribution to the wet deposition in Bohemian Forest
Tesař, Miroslav ; Fottová, D. ; Eliáš, Václav ; Šír, Miloslav
Together six active fog-water collectors and ten passive fog-water collectors were installed in various suitably chosen mountainous parts and urban regions of the Czech Republic with different pollutants loads in order to evaluate if site-to-site differences exist. Fog deposition rates is calculated with the use of the Lovett's mathematical micrometeorogical and obtained samples of cloud were analysed for major ions. Estimated wet deposition for example for NH4+, NO3- and SO4-2 via fog and cloud droplets impaction and sedimentation represents 826, 1810 and 1900 kgkm-2 year-1, respectively.
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