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Prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases
Hrdinová, Zuzana ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Tůmová, Eva (referee)
Preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is one of the main components of preventive medicine. This thesis deals with prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The theoretical part describes the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which is at the background of 90 % of CVD. The next chapters deal with the most common cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. There is described determination of cardiovascular risk and a nutritional prevention is included at the end of the theoretical part. A part of this work is a research carried out on 107 randomly selected individuals. The main objective was to find out the level of knowledge of this individuals about the possibilities of prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The survey was performed in a questionnaire survey, both in electronic and printed form. The survey revealed that the majority of respondents (87,9 %) correctly associate the CVD with an inappropriate lifestyle, only 12,1 % of respondents considered the most important factor in genetics. The negative influence of inappropriate meals and lack of physical activity prevails in the respondents' awareness. Most respondents also correctly stated that CVD accounts for almost 50 % of all deaths in the Czech Republic. An active interest in lifestyle, which is an integral part of preventive measures,...
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Education effect on blood lipid levels in patients with dyslipidaemia
Kuncířová, Veronika ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Tůmová, Eva (referee)
The bachelor thesis examines the influence of education and diet on patients with dyslipidemia. Another object was to explore the eating habits of patients and find out if they are interested in a healthy lifestyle. The theoretical part is based on knowledge from the academic literature. It explains the concept of dyslipidemia, its divisions and causes of disease and describes possible methods of treatment. The pieces of information for the practical part are obtained through questionnaires from patients who are treated in the Center for Preventive Cardiology, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University in Prague. Another source are laboratory tests of blood, which were taken before education and then again after a minimum interval of one month from the education. Values were processed by using graphs and tables. The results clearly showed us that after education and compliance with the recommended diet, values of blood lipids were improved. On three of the four monitored lipid parameters diet had a positive impact. Furthermore, it appears that the majority of patients with dyslipidemia has good eating habits. The last point that has been studied, was the patients' interest in a healthy lifestyle. It revealed insufficinet interest at the majority of the...
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The effect of housing system on egg shell quality and egg internal quality
Vlčková, Jana ; Tůmová, Eva (advisor) ; Skřivanová, Eva (referee)
In the study 3 experiments were carried out. The objective of the first experiment was to evaluate performance of laying hens, quality of air in poultry house, and microbial contamination of the eggshell in laying hens kept under blue, green, red, and yellow light colour in enriched cages. The laying performance characteristics (hen-day egg production, mortality, and egg weight) were not affected by light colour. Similarly, microbial contamination of the air was not significantly different related to the light colour. There were significant interactions in eggshell contamination between cage floor and light colour in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus. The highest number of Escherichia coli was detected in eggs from hens housed in the middle floor given yellow light and the lowest values on the upper floor also under yellow light colour. Similar results were observed in Enterococcus. The results of our study indicate that the light colour has a minor effect on microbial contamination but the significant influence was in the floor position. The highest microbial egg contamination was found on eggs from the middle floor.
In the second experiment, the effect of housing system (conventional cage, litter, aviary) and feed calcium content (3,0 and 3,5%) on laying performance characteristics, technological quality of eggs, microbial contamination of the eggshell and egg content during storage was evaluated. The significant interaction between housing system and feed calcium content was found in egg weight, eggshell strength, eggshell percentage, eggshell weight, Haugh units and albumen index. The housing system affected egg production, feed intake, egg weight and some characteristics of eggshell quality. From characteristics of eggshell quality the feed calcium content affected only eggshell strength and eggshell percentage. The significant interaction between housing system and storage time was found in contamination of eggshell by total number of microorganisms. The housing system affected also contamination of the eggshell where higher number of Escherichia coli and total number of microorganisms were in eggs from litter. Higher penetration of all monitored species of microorganisms on the eggshell membranes was 2nd and 7th day of storage in the group with 3.5% of calcium in the feed mixture in eggs from the litter. This could be associated with lower quality of eggshell in this type of housing.
In the experiment 3, the effect of different housing system (enriched cage, free range) on technological quality of eggs, microbial contamination of the eggshell, egg content and concentration of protein in albumen during storage was observed. The housing system affected all characteristics of eggshell quality with higher values in cage system. Higher number of pores in eggshell was found in free range. The important relationship between housing system and storage time was indicated in Haugh unit, albumen index, pH albumen and yolk index. The values for characteristics quality of albumen and yolk were better in eggs from cages. Their quality during storage decreased faster in alternative housing systems. There was detected interaction between housing system and storage time also in Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and total number of microorganisms. The highest microbial contamination in fresh eggs was found in free range. The number of microorganisms with storage time significantly decreased faster in eggs from cage system. The penetration of Escherichia coli and total number of microorganisms in albumen was lower in eggs from cage compared to free range. The significant effect of housing system was found in concentration of lysozyme in albumen with higher values in egg from free range. It is obvious that a better quality of the eggs is in the cage housing system. The eggs from this type of housing also remain during storage for longer time in better quality compared with alternative housing systems.
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The evaluation of meat performance of turkeys
Smolík, Martin ; Tůmová, Eva (advisor) ; Chodová, Darina (referee)
The goal of thesis was to create a literature review that will evaluate the influence of genotype, sex and age on growth, carcass yield and composition of meat turkeys. Genotype is one of the most important factors for growth, which is reflected already in the prenatal stage and then continues in the postnatal stage. And at the age of 20 weeks, differencis between males and famale are 35% in temrs of males. Sex plays important, role brouse male turkeys have a significantly higher growth rate. Changing the speed growth also depends on age. Carcass yield moves in broiler turkeys between 76-83%, genotype affects carcass yield and greatly affects the weight of the breast and thighs. Sex determinate primarily weight of valuable parts. Carcase composition varies depending on age. Turkey meat is considered to be good quality with a high content of nutrients. Turkey breast contains 22.6% protein and only 1.7 fat. Effect of genotype on the composition of turkey meat is in the representation of protein and fat. Protein and fat content also depends on sex. Meat composition varies depending on age.
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The effect of age and gender on performance and carcass parameters of nutrias
Bubeník, Tomáš ; Tůmová, Eva (advisor) ; Zdeněk, Zdeněk (referee)
In the thesis we aimed on data connected with slaughter analysis of the body, carcass yield,
feed conversion and content of chemicals, including pH of thighs and loin. In the experiment,
we used standard nutrias which have been weaned at the second month of age. There were 90
nutrias in the experiment. Nutrias were fed with complete feed mix - made by Kooperace
Hrotovice created by CLUS in Prague utility model UV 24096, ad libitum. Nutrias were
weighted every 28 days. At the age of 6, 7, and 8 months, 6 females and 6 males were chosen
and slaughtered. Results were analysed by variation of analysis, ANOVA method and with age
and sex interactions. We have used value P <= 0,05 as statistical significant difference. As a result, we have found out that males grew significantly (P <= 0,05) faster than females. The
highest feed conversion was recorded at 4th month of the experiment. Influence of age on the
weight of carcass without a head and organs was observed (P <= 0,029), carcass weight of
males increased significantly (P <= 0,001). Fat percentage was influenced by both sex
(P <= 0,001) and age (P <= 0,001). It loin part weight decreased with growing age (P <= 0,001),
and was significant (P <= 0,029).according to sex with lower decreasing in males. For the loin
percentage, there was recorded interaction of sex and age (P <= 0,038) and was affected by age
(P <= 0,007) and sex (P <= 0,007) as well. Decrease was significantly faster in females. The pH
values of loin and thighs were growing with age (P <= 0,001) and were influenced by sex as
well, for loin (P <= 0,013) and thighs (P <= 0,016). For proteins we have recorded significant
interaction of sex and age (P <= 0,009). Fat content was higher in females (P <= 0,009).
Conclusion of the thesis showed, that nutrias can be slaughtered in the age of six months,
without a negative on effect meat quality. Males are better in carcass yield, higher protein
content and lower fat percentage, in comparison of same age of females.
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The effect of oviposition on egg quality at the beginning and end of the laying cycle
Greglová, Ellen ; Tůmová, Eva (advisor) ; Michaela, Michaela (referee)
The egg quality is affected by many factors, among which various interactions may occur. The aim of the diploma thesis was to assess changes in the quality of eggs laid in the morning, midday, and in the evening at the beginning and the end of the laying cycle in six laying hybrids: Bovans Brown, Bovans Sperwer, Isa Sussex, Moravia Barred, Moravia BSL and Dekalb White, each individually housed in cages. The experiment was realized at the beginning of lay, between 19 and 26 weeks of age and at the end of lay betwen 64 and 70 weeks of age. During the experiment, were conected eggs at 6 a.m., 9 a.m., 12 p.m. and 5 p.m. and were recorded daily. In total, 300 eggs from each genotype and of each period were evaluated. At the beginning of the laying cycle, the interactions of oviposition time and genotype (P 0.03), were observed in the yolk weight (P 0.004) and the color of the yolk. The highest weight yolk had the eggs laid by white-egg hybrid Dekalb White early in the morning (13.79 g at 6 a.m.) and during the day the weight of yolk decreased. However, the yolk weight of brown-egg Bovan Brown hens increased until 9 a.m. and then decreased again. The darkest yolk was laid by genotype Bovans Brown at 12 p.m. (8.0 g), while the lightest yolk was laid by Dekalb White at 12 p. m. (3.00). At the end of the laying cycle, interactions of oviposition time and genotype (P 0.028) were observed in the albumen percentage. The highest values had hybrid Moravia BSL with eggs laid in 12 a.m., 5 p.m. 64.23 %, 63.33 %), and the lowest percentage had hens of Bovans Sperwer at 9 a.m. (58.19 %). Oviposition time significantly (P 0.003) affected only the strength of the shell. At the beginning of the laying cycle, we recorded higher strength at 9.00 a.m. (54.89 g.cm-2) compared to the eggs collected at 6 a.m. and later (41.39 a 24.58 g.cm-2). The genotype (P 0.005) affected most of the parameters of quality.
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The classroom climate
TŮMOVÁ, Eva
This work deals with the classroom climate. The aim is to measure and compare the classroom climate at chosen South Bohemian primary and secondary schools. The work consists of two parts. The first part is theoretical and deals with the basic concepts related to the classroom climate. It deals with the school class as a social group, the position of students in the group, key players and climate determinants as well as with the developmental stages of adolescence, also with the differences between elementary and secondary grammar schools and the possibilities of measuring classroom climate. The second part, which is the fundamental for this work, defines the objectives, assumptions and research methods. In conclusion, the measurement results, their interpretation and verification of assumptions are set.
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Psychological and analytic novel in the period of 30th and 40th of 20th centrury.
TŮMOVÁ, Eva
The thesis is orientated on psychological and analytical prose of 30s and 40s years of the 20th century. It describes its tendency in these years and then it detailed deals with Jaroslav Havlíček?s prose. The thesis is focused on three books where we can find the stard and the end of Havlíček?s work. It is concentrated on the most important elements that can be found in Havlíček?s prose. There are especially disease and death. The element?s of death and disease are showed a little bit differently each of these three books. So they are compared in the end of this thesis. Main character?s psychological movements are also not forgotten.
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Financial analysis of the travel agency EXIM Tours, a. s.
Tůmová, Eva ; Holečková, Jaroslava (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the financial analysis of the travel agency EXIM Tours, a. s. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical. It includes the description of the basic methodology of the financial analysis and the definitions of the indicators used in the financial analysis. In the second part, the company EXIM Tours is introduced and its financial situation is evaluated using the financial indicators described in the theoretical part. The figures have been monitored for the last four financial years (from 2007 to 2010) and they are compared with the recommended figures. In some cases, they are compared also with the figures achieved by its competitors.
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