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Functions of secondary metabolites of lichens
Zvěřinová, Gabriela ; Svoboda, David (advisor) ; Bouda, František (referee)
This bachelor thesis is a review of available literature about lichen secondary metabolites and their functions. Lichens produce a great variety of these compounds; most of them are unique to the lichen symbiosis and are not found in higher plants. Besides the role of these compounds in chemotaxonomy and systematics, lichen secondary metabolites exhibit various biological functions and can affect biotic and abiotic interactions of lichens with their environment. Well-known and often described functions of lichen substances include especially antimicrobial, antiherbivory and antioxidant activity, allelopathy, metal homeostasis and photoprotection. This thesis is focused on these functions and summarizes current knowledge in this area. Key words: lichen, secondary metabolites, allelopathy, antimicrobial activity, herbivory, antioxidant activity, photoprotection, metal homeostasis, pollution tolerance, literary review
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The historical evolution of the modern pentathlon at the Olympic Games (1912 - 2012)
Svoboda, David ; Kovářová, Lenka (advisor) ; Horčic, Josef (referee)
Title: The historical evolution of the modern pentathlon at the Olympic Games (1912 - 2012) Objectives: The main aim of this work is to map the development of the modern pentathlon at the Olympic Games and determine and explain the latest trends in the sport in the past and try to guess which direction is likely to take over the next few years. Another aim will be to capture the dynamic developmental period and key moments in the history of the pentathlon. Methods: Thesis has descriptive-analytical character. To meet the goal, we used a qualitative method - collecting documents. We used mostly public documents available at the Olympic study and information center, as well as materials available on the official website of the Olympic Games. Results: We have created a detailed analysis of the complex development of the modern pentathlon, also for the first time in the Czech language. Furthermore, on the basis of acquired and processed data highlighted the crucial period that fundamentally influenced the shape and course pentathlon competitions and estimated direction of development of this sector in the future. Keywords: analysis, rules, multisport, results
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Sophism in the works of Plato
Šimek, Vojtěch ; Svoboda, David (advisor) ; Peroutka, David (referee)
Resumé bakalářské práce "SOFISTIKA V DÍLECH PLATÓNA" Katedra filosofie KTF UK Vedoucí práce Mgr. David Svoboda Vypracoval Vojtěch Šimek Rok 2007 Bakalářská práce má za předmět Platónovo pojetí sofistiky. Platónovy dialogy jsou výchozími prameny a převážným, ale ne jediným, zdrojem informací. První část se zabývá sofistikou na základě platónských dialogů. Druhá část zahrnuje i neplatónské pohledy na sofistiku - nakolik pomáhají lépe pochopit pohled platónský. V první části jsem stručně přiblížil historický kontext řecké polis na přelomu 5. a 4. století př. Kr. a zhruba načrtl Platónovu biografii a jeho filosofickou nauku. Sofistika Platónovy doby je fenoménem úzce spjatým s životem tehdejší polis a s tehdejším demokratickým zřízením. Sofisté vyučují převážně mladé lidi za nemalé finanční ohodnocení. Jejich žáci se mají naučit, jak slovem i činem obstát v konkurenčním klimatu řecké politiky. Dialogy, ve kterých Platón představuje jednotlivé sofisty - protagonisty tehdejšího vzdělávání (paideia), ukazují, že sofistiku považoval za ohrožení, jehož povahu je nutno správně poznat. Sofisté nevlastní podle Platóna pravé vědění o "dobrosti" (areté), nenahlížejí pravé hodnoty vyjádřené skrze ideje. Nezprostředkují pravé vědění (epistémé), ale pouhé zdání (doxa), utvořené z pozorování většiny v lidu. Přemlouvají...
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Biotic interactions in epiphytic lichen communities
Černajová, Ivana ; Svoboda, David (advisor) ; Peksa, Ondřej (referee)
The objective of my bachelor's thesis is to review available literature on biotic interactions in epiphytic lichen communities. At first the epiphytic habitat is defined. The next part deals with the interactions, specifically competition and predation. Lichens compete for light and space among each other and with other cryptogams at the same time. There are a few known mechanisms of competition, most of them being based on overgrowing of thalli and chemical action. Thallus morphology, growth rate and content of allelochemicals are the main traits determining success in competition. Competitive abilities depend on various abiotic factors as well as on total composition of the community. Lichens are forced to invest in chemical defence by the presence of herbivores and parasites. Distribution of the defence substances matches the optimal defence theory. There is numerous evidence that biotic interactions modify characteristics of both individuals and species, mainly considering the secondary metabolites content and the width of the realized ecological niche. Competitors and predators may determine species distribution. The thesis summarises the knowledge of the mechanism, character and impact of the competition and predation in epiphytic lichen communities. Key words: lichens, cryptogams, epiphytes,...
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Aristotle's conception of ethics
Vitošková, Markéta ; Sousedík, Prokop (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
Diploma thesis deals the Aristotle's conception of ethics. The aim of this thesis is to introduce and to do understandable a overview of ethics. First of all, the thesis concentrates general characteristic time, Aristotele's life and status of ethics in the Aristotle's philosophy. Secondly, the thesis mentions general Aristotle's ethics. It deals with the subjekt, goals, good and hapiness, virtue and moral conduct. Third, the thesis deals intelectuall virtue including knowledge, art, wisdom and understanding. Fourth, the thesis concentrates moral virtuos and courage, moderation, generosity, other generosity, healthy ambition, calmness and truthfulness. Fifthly, the thesis mentions the conception of justice and its division into general and partiak justice. Last, thesis is devoted friendship and its companions. Keywords: Aristotle, ethics, virtue, justice, friendship
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The metaphysical thought of Thomas Aquinas. From the concept of being and unity to the concept of whole and part
Svoboda, David ; Sousedík, Stanislav (advisor) ; Matula, Jozef (referee) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
The subject-matter of the thesis is the metaphysical thought of the renowned medieval philosopher and theologian Thomas Aquinas (1224/5-1274). The main goal ofthe thesis is to expose Aquinas' part-whole doctrine (mereology) in the broad context of his metaphysical theory. In concrete, we mean to elucidate the part-whole relationship in the background ofthe key metaphysical principles and concepts, such as the notion of being and unity or the issue of the ontological structure of a categorial being. The whole thesis can be divided into two main parts. In the first part we tackle those issues, which must be outlined to comprehend Aquinas' mereology in the broad horizon of his metaphysics. In the second part we set forth the independent attempt to advance Aquinas' part-whole theory.
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Lichens growing on diabasic rocks
Lenzová, Veronika ; Svoboda, David (advisor) ; Bouda, František (referee)
This bachelor thesis is a review of available literature about the lichens growing on diabasic rocks. Diabasic rocks are volcanic rocks of upper proterozoic and lower paleozoic age. They occur in the Czech Republic in Barrandien and Nízký Jeseník areas only. The most investigated sites concerning lichens are the Berounka river valley and Prague region. Diabasic rocks are very suitable substrate for lichens due to specific properties and these rocks provide greater lichens diversity in comparison to the other substrates. This thesis contains list of 213 lichen species, which were published on diabasic rocks within the Czech Republic. According to the literature 3 lichen species have been found only on diabases in the country.
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Building the hotspots in order to strengthen the common border security after the Arab Spring
Svoboda, David ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Králová, Kateřina (referee)
The bachelor's work Building the hotspots in order to strengthen the common border security after the Arab Spring is dedicated to analysis of how hotspots in Italy and Greece have helped to the reduction of migration crisis in the EU. The migration crisis were resulted in Europe after the Arab Spring. This analysis works with data like the number of migrants in Greece and Italy, asylum applications, with an emphasis on 2015-2017. This bachelor's work works on verifying of these three hypotheses: The hotspots will increase the identification of newly arrived migrants soon, will reduce the number of illegal migrants traveling from the hotspot site deeper to the EU, and that hotspots can speed up the decision-making process with migrants. This work has four chapters. The first chapter explains the basic terms of this work - migrant and refugee. It also explains why the migrant must not be expelled from the EU. The second chapter is dedicated to the characteristics of the migration crisis (2013-2016) and the main pillars of the EU asylum and migration policy. The third and fourth chapter describe the hotspots. The first one describes the origins of hotspots (from the initial idea to financing), building of them, it also describes the EU support teams and possibilities that migrants has if they receive...
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