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Characterization of magnetic nanostructures by magnetic force microscopy
Staňo, Michal ; Vetushka,, Aliaksei (referee) ; Urbánek, Michal (advisor)
The thesis deals with magnetic force microscopy of soft magnetic nanostructures, mainly NiFe nanowires and thin-film elements such as discs. The thesis covers almost all aspects related to this technique - i.e. from preparation of magnetic probes and magnetic nanowires, through the measurement itself to micromagnetic simulations of the investigated samples. We observed the cores of magnetic vortices, tiny objects, both with commercial and our home-coated probes. Even domain walls in nanowires 50 nm in diameter were captured with this technique. We prepared functional probes with various magnetic coatings: hard magnetic Co, CoCr and soft NiFe. Hard probes give better signal, whereas the soft ones are more suitable for the measurement of soft magnetic structures as they do not influence significantly the imaged sample. Our probes are at least comparable with the standard commercial probes. The simulations are in most cases in a good agreement with the measurement and the theory. Further, we present our preliminary results of the probe-sample interaction modelling, which can be exploited for the simulation of magnetic force microscopy image even in the case of probe induced perturbations of the sample.
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Effect of ion beam irradiation and annealing on magnetic properties of FeRh nanostructures
Zadorozhnii, Oleksii ; Turčan, Igor (referee) ; Staňo, Michal (advisor)
Fazový přechod prvního řádu z antiferomagnetického do feromagnetického stavu v Fe50Rh50 z něj činí vhodný materiál pro nové generace spinových elektronických zařízení s nízkou spotřebou. Tato práce se zabývá způsoby, jak lze teplotu fázového přechodu železo-rhodia (FeRh) lokálně ovlivnit pomocí fokusovaneho iontového svazku (FIB) a žíhání. FIB byl zvolen vzhledem k tomu, že slitina FeRh vykazuje magnetickou citlivost na stupeň jejího chemického uspořádání, což je charakteristické pro všechny slitiny feromagnetických a neferomagnetických kovů. Tepelné žíhaní umožňuje obnovení krystalografického uspořádání, a uvolnění mřižkových defektů a dislokací. Magnetické vzory byly vyrobeny za použití FIB na bázi galia a žíhány ve vakuu. Topografie a magnetické chování těchto iontově ozářených vzorů byly zkoumány pomocí mikroskopie atomárních a magnetických sil při různých teplotách, a ukázaly jasnou závislost mezi dávkou iontového záření a magnetickou odezvou ve stavu před a po žíhání.
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Fabrication of Nanowires into Porous Alumina by Electrolysis
Staňo, Michal ; Čechal, Jan (referee) ; Škoda, David (advisor)
This thesis deals with preparation of metal nanowires based on electrodeposition from aqua solution of metallic salts into porous dielectric aluminium oxide templates. The theoretical part covers various bottom-up methods of nanowire preparation using a template, electrochemistry and electrodeposition overview. The Experimental part is focused on the nanowire (Ag, Cu, Ni-H) preparation by means of direct current and alternating current electrodepositon and geometrical characterization of fabricated nanowires by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. Defects of commercially available and prepared porous alumina templates are mentioned. Branching and coalescence of nanowires are briefly discussed as well.
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Implementation of sample heating into atomic force microscope
Patočka, Marek ; Staňo, Michal (referee) ; Kolíbal, Miroslav (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is an implementation of a sample heating device into an atomic force microscope. The heating is performed by a Micro-Electro-Mechanical chip equipped with a heating element, which is implemented into the LiteScope microscope. The thesis describes electrical and mechanical design of the device. Proof-of-concept experiments were also conducted in order to prove functionality of the solution. Increased attention was devoted to determination of heater’s potential for use in the fields of material sciences and magnetic force microscopy.
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Study of 3D modulated magnetic structures
Dočkalová, Lucie ; Staňo, Michal (referee) ; Turčan, Igor (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with an experimental preparation and static characterization of the magnetization of 3D modulated magnetic nanostructures. The aim of the thesis is to use innovative methods in nanofabrication to devise magnetic structures that exhibit properties that cannot be achieved by standard lithography methods. In the beginning, the reader is acquainted with the micromagnetism theory. Emphasis is put on a magnetic anisotropy. The preparation of the sample is described in the second part of the thesis, together with used techniques, such as electron-beam lithography (EBL) and focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID), are stated. In the experimental part, Kerr microscopy is used for the evaluation of static magnetic responses of prepared 3D modulated magnetic structures. They are compared with static responses of planar magnetic structures. Besides other things, amplitudes of modulations are measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM), and the influence of amplitude on the induced magnetic anisotropy is evaluated. It is found out that prepared 3D modulations induced the uniaxial anisotropy field, which can influence a preferred direction of a vector of magnetization.
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Spin waves in non-trivial magnetic landscapes
Klíma, Jan ; Staňo, Michal (referee) ; Wojewoda, Ondřej (advisor)
Magnonics is a branch of physics dealing with spin waves, or their quanta – magnons. Spin waves are one of the candidates for beyond CMOS technology. Circuits and components utilizing the properties of spin waves have the potential to complement or replace the current technologies based on CMOS chips, which are nearing their physical limit. Information processing via spin waves requires the ability to effectively steer spin waves in magnonic circuits, especially in variously bent waveguides connecting individual circuit elements. Due to spin waves’ anisotropic behaviour, this remains on of the challenges to tackle. In the presented thesis, we used corrugating of the magnetic layer of the waveguides, which induces uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, with which we can control the magnetisation landscape in the waveguide with sub-micrometre precision. Using this approach, we can achieve zero-field-propagation of spin waves in desired modes in arbitrary directions. To aid our designs, we developed a model that analyses energy contributions and calculates the resulting effective magnetic field. Using this model and a thorough analysis of the dispersion relation, we designed a bent magnonic waveguide capable of steering spin waves, which we demonstrated by Brillouin light scattering microscopy.
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Implementation of sample heating into atomic force microscope
Patočka, Marek ; Staňo, Michal (referee) ; Kolíbal, Miroslav (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is an implementation of a sample heating device into an atomic force microscope. The heating is performed by a Micro-Electro-Mechanical chip equipped with a heating element, which is implemented into the LiteScope microscope. The thesis describes electrical and mechanical design of the device. Proof-of-concept experiments were also conducted in order to prove functionality of the solution. Increased attention was devoted to determination of heater’s potential for use in the fields of material sciences and magnetic force microscopy.
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Study of 3D modulated magnetic structures
Dočkalová, Lucie ; Staňo, Michal (referee) ; Turčan, Igor (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with an experimental preparation and static characterization of the magnetization of 3D modulated magnetic nanostructures. The aim of the thesis is to use innovative methods in nanofabrication to devise magnetic structures that exhibit properties that cannot be achieved by standard lithography methods. In the beginning, the reader is acquainted with the micromagnetism theory. Emphasis is put on a magnetic anisotropy. The preparation of the sample is described in the second part of the thesis, together with used techniques, such as electron-beam lithography (EBL) and focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID), are stated. In the experimental part, Kerr microscopy is used for the evaluation of static magnetic responses of prepared 3D modulated magnetic structures. They are compared with static responses of planar magnetic structures. Besides other things, amplitudes of modulations are measured using an atomic force microscope (AFM), and the influence of amplitude on the induced magnetic anisotropy is evaluated. It is found out that prepared 3D modulations induced the uniaxial anisotropy field, which can influence a preferred direction of a vector of magnetization.
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Effect of ion beam irradiation and annealing on magnetic properties of FeRh nanostructures
Zadorozhnii, Oleksii ; Turčan, Igor (referee) ; Staňo, Michal (advisor)
Fazový přechod prvního řádu z antiferomagnetického do feromagnetického stavu v Fe50Rh50 z něj činí vhodný materiál pro nové generace spinových elektronických zařízení s nízkou spotřebou. Tato práce se zabývá způsoby, jak lze teplotu fázového přechodu železo-rhodia (FeRh) lokálně ovlivnit pomocí fokusovaneho iontového svazku (FIB) a žíhání. FIB byl zvolen vzhledem k tomu, že slitina FeRh vykazuje magnetickou citlivost na stupeň jejího chemického uspořádání, což je charakteristické pro všechny slitiny feromagnetických a neferomagnetických kovů. Tepelné žíhaní umožňuje obnovení krystalografického uspořádání, a uvolnění mřižkových defektů a dislokací. Magnetické vzory byly vyrobeny za použití FIB na bázi galia a žíhány ve vakuu. Topografie a magnetické chování těchto iontově ozářených vzorů byly zkoumány pomocí mikroskopie atomárních a magnetických sil při různých teplotách, a ukázaly jasnou závislost mezi dávkou iontového záření a magnetickou odezvou ve stavu před a po žíhání.
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Characterization of magnetic nanostructures by magnetic force microscopy
Staňo, Michal ; Vetushka,, Aliaksei (referee) ; Urbánek, Michal (advisor)
The thesis deals with magnetic force microscopy of soft magnetic nanostructures, mainly NiFe nanowires and thin-film elements such as discs. The thesis covers almost all aspects related to this technique - i.e. from preparation of magnetic probes and magnetic nanowires, through the measurement itself to micromagnetic simulations of the investigated samples. We observed the cores of magnetic vortices, tiny objects, both with commercial and our home-coated probes. Even domain walls in nanowires 50 nm in diameter were captured with this technique. We prepared functional probes with various magnetic coatings: hard magnetic Co, CoCr and soft NiFe. Hard probes give better signal, whereas the soft ones are more suitable for the measurement of soft magnetic structures as they do not influence significantly the imaged sample. Our probes are at least comparable with the standard commercial probes. The simulations are in most cases in a good agreement with the measurement and the theory. Further, we present our preliminary results of the probe-sample interaction modelling, which can be exploited for the simulation of magnetic force microscopy image even in the case of probe induced perturbations of the sample.
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