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Friendships and partner relationships in young adults with autism spectrum disorder
Slavíčková, Kateřina ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
This master thesis examines friendship and partnership relationships in young adults with autism spectrum disorders. In the literature section, the definition of autism spectrum disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-V manual is presented, the specific areas of autism spectrum disorders are discussed, with attention being paid mainly to the social area, and the chapter also focuses on diagnosis and support options. The next chapter covers general aspects of friendship and specifics in friendships for people on the spectrum. The chapter on partner relationships is divided in the same way. The literature section also includes specifics of relationships in the online world and concludes with a brief summary. The research section begins by introducing the research objectives and research questions. The research design was conceived as qualitative. The research was conducted in two phases, the first of which was an online questionnaire. The second phase then consisted of semi- structured interviews that aimed to deepen the findings from the questionnaire. Both phases of the research were evaluated qualitatively using the thematic analysis method. The results of the thesis describe how people on the...
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Comparison of usage of selected apperception techniques in children aged 6 to 7 years
Tylš Adámková, Jana ; Soukupová, Tereza (advisor) ; Sotáková, Hana (referee) ; Preiss, Marek (referee)
The main topic of this dissertation is the usage of apperception techniques in diagnosing children aged 6 to 7 years, with an emphasis on the practice of School Psychology. The theoretical part focuses primarily on psychological diagnosis in School Psychology with the emphasis on apperception techniques, their benefits, and downfalls. The other focus is on the Thematic Apperception Test and Roberts-2, as well as selected assessment systems. The practical part is introduced by the research methodology. Both diagnostic methods were administered to 30 children aged 6 to 7 years, whose responses were assessed using standardized systems, and subsequently compared both quantitatively and qualitatively. The main finding is that the stories evoked by Roberts-2 cards exceeds the stories evoked by TAT cards in developmental quality, the latter of which the children find too overloading to produce an optimal reaction, with varied results in their adaptability. The dissertation also presents the specifics of administering these methods to children. Based on the data derived from 50 children, the Czech norms for Roberts-2 method for children aged 6 to 7 were created in their working stage, and than compared with the original American norms.
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The Impact of High Accessibility of Pornography on Relationships
Skalický, Václav ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Špačková, Klára (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with the connection between romantic relationships and internet pornography use. Initial research goal was to identify significant relations between pornography use, characteristics of romantic relationships and sociodemographic attributes and continuously determine, whether interest in relationships among single people can be inhibited by pornography use. Final goal was to asses, whether relationships can be influenced not only by pornography in general, but also by pornography's current unlimited accessibility on the internet specifically. Results show that the ways people use pornography - such as the frequency of use, the type of content viewed or the age of the first exposure to it - are significantly related to many aspects of people's relationships and are also significantly related to some sociodemographic attributes. In addition, unlimited accessibility of pornography can indeed have its own impact on relationships through the consequences of the decreasing age of first exposure to pornography. Inhibitory effect on interest in relationships hasn't been demonstrated. KEYWORDS pornography, internet pornography, romantic relationships, sexuality
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Developing functional communication in pupils with ASD at elementary school
Čebišová, Petra ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Valentová, Lidmila (referee)
Currently, children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are a highly discussed topic. Children with ASD primarily struggle with social interaction, communication, and behavior. In this thesis, we focus specifically on the issue of communication, and how to develop functional communication in children with ASD at the primary school level. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter covers the characteristics of ASD, its history, classification of ASD forms, and the triad of impairments. The second chapter focuses on social behaviour in pupils, including defining social behavior, social skills, and pupils with ASD in peer groups. The third chapter is titled "Developing communication in students with ASD" and covers the support for communication development, alternative and augmentative communication, and the role of teachers/assistant educators in communication development for pupils with ASD. The fourth chapter delves into the empirical investigation, discussing the objectives, methodology, and process of the empirical study. The fifth chapter includes a case study divided into three sub- chapters, which focus on respondent case studies, interviews, and observations. Additionally, the thesis contains a discussion and recommendations for practice. Keywords: Functional Communication,...
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Pre-literacy skills of socio-culturally disadvantaged kindergarten children
Korbelová, Karolína ; Málková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Sotáková, Hana (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the mapping of the pre-literacy skills of socio-culturally disadvantaged children in the last year of kindergarten in comparison with the performance of pre-literacy skills of their peers. The thesis is based on empirical research in kindergartens with children (N=47) aged 68 to 82 months and their parents (legal representatives). The aim of this research work is not only to describe and characterize the pre-literacy skills of pre-schoolers from socio-culturally disadvantaged backgrounds, but also to systematically review what is known about the phenomenon of socio-cultural disadvantage in the existing psychological literature and to propose a specific procedure for identifying socio-cultural disadvantage. This procedure is applied in this paper as part of the methodological steps in the research part of the thesis. The socio-cultural disadvantage is thus identified based on the mother's highest level of education and the child's level of receptive vocabulary. Statistical analyses of data on the pre-literacy skills of socio-culturally disadvantaged children and their peers who are not at risk of socio-cultural disadvantage reveal that socio-culturally disadvantaged children perform statistically significantly worse than children who are not at risk of socio-cultural...
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Development of phonemic awareness in preschool children utiziling the Elkonin method
Tesařová, Kamila ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
The topic of the diploma thesis is Training the development of phonemic awareness in preschool children using the Elkonin method. The method serves as a tool for preventing difficulties in the development of reading and writing in primary school. The diploma thesis is focused mainly on the development of phonemic awareness and further on the development of language skills in selected children in a regular kindergarten. The thesis is divided into two parts. To the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part defines the basic terms related to the topic - communication, language and speech, hearing. It introduces the reader to the development of a child's speech from the period of intrauterine development to the age of about six years. Due to the focus of the diploma thesis, the greatest emphasis is placed on the speech development of a preschool child. The content of the chapter devoted to speech development is also the definition of language levels of speech. The theoretical part in one of the chapters defines the concepts of phonetics, phonology and phonological abilities. This is followed by a section devoted to the development of phonological awareness and its level at the beginning of reading mastery. The personality of Daniil Boršovič Eľkonin and the method of Training the development...
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Family Resiliency of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Veselá, Veronika ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to research the area of family resiliency of children with autism spectrum disorder. The theoretical part deals with the resiliency phenomenon in general, stressful situations and strategies for their management by so-called coping mechanisms. This part is followed by family resilience, which provides brief description of the concept of the family, family resiliency itself and then informs readers about the specific models of family resiliency, out of which the most well-known concept comes from the McCubbins. The third chapter of the diploma thesis focuces on a family of a child with a disability. This part of the diploma thesis explains how the family responds to the child's disability, what adaptation phases they go through, and also reflects factors that can have positive impact on the adaptation of the family in a difficult life situation. The last chapter of the theoretical part focuses on the characteristics of autism spectrum disorders. It helps the readers understand the topic of autism spectrum disorders, their manifestations, partial diagnoses and also the effects of autism spectrum disorders on the family of an autistic child. The empirical part of this thesis aims to find out and map what is the resiliency of families of children with autism spectrum...
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