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Corruption practices in Bulgaria during the transition and the impact of the EU accession
Velikov, Svetlozar ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Sojka, Milan (referee)
It is now widely recognized that corruption is harmful for economic growth, that it decreases enormously the effectiveness of aid and that it increases poverty. Corruption is a fundamental obstacle for economic development. In Eastern Europe, the radical shift in economic and political systems that occurred after 1989 made existing forms of corruption more visible and opened opportunities for new forms of corrupt practices. Bulgaria is a striking example of a country which was on the edge of economic and political collapse in the mid nineties because of the skyrocketing corruption practices in particular spheres of economic political and social life. Nowadays, ten years after the big crisis Bulgaria is a full fledged member of the European Union (EU) but even in this new reality the struggle against corruption remains the main challenge before the new governments. This thesis will outline and analyze the genesis and uncontrolled growth of corruption processes in Bulgaria during the transition period. It will provide a vast theoretical framework of the issue with definitions spheres and forms of corruption as well as a view on the corruption as a phenomenon of the transition countries. Anticorruption strategies and measures to tackle and overcome corruption in Bulgaria will be examined together with...
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Rationality of Human Action and Preferences: A Criticism of Subjectivist-Teleological Tenets of Economics and an Outline of a Remedy
Horák, Vít ; Sojka, Milan (advisor) ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (referee)
The thesis criticizes the subjectivist-teleological principals of economics, more accurately the inability to fulfill them. Economics intended to work with the individual preferences without bias and without any their concretization. The neutrality is, however, distorted by the accepted assumptions among which is very serious the a priori causality between preferences and action. The teleological perspective as it was introduced by Karel Engliš was sharply delimitated with respect causality. Neoclassical and Austrian school, however, emanate from mixing causality and teleology in their conceptions of action and preferences. It is also possible to formulate it as the assumption of certain a priori rationality of human action. I try to clear up the notion of rationality, show the possibilities of its meaning and point out at the radicalism of any assumed causality between preferences and action. I use these conclusions to outline the preference framework that would not repeat identified mistakes, which would, however, set out from the subjectivist-teleological perspective as well.
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Philosophy of Science and its Moments in Comparison of Schools of Economic Thought
Kovanda, Lukáš ; Sojka, Milan (advisor) ; Půlpán, Karel (referee)
The main aim of this work is to examine compound relationships between economics and philosophy of science. We seek to sketch out crucial tendencies in this sphere which took place especially during 20th century, e.g. modernism/postmodernism and positivism/postpositivism etc., and, then, to outline four potential possibilities of the future image of economics. Accordingly, this work is divided into two plans which pervade each other. In the context of the first plan's comparison of neo-classical and post-Keynesian, in Larry Laudan's term, research traditions in economics, we conclude, that, to the more or less extent, there is an influence of the philosophy of science on economics. Thus, we also argue that every economist, who advocates any particular theory or model, should be familiar, at least to the certain degree, with the specific world view which is always, under any research tradition, implicitly or explicitly, underlying them. In the second plan of this work, we introduce, as we have said, four "scenarios of the future development in the field of economics". To the more or less extent arbitrarily, though arguably, we have chosen few well distinguished economists and other scientists, like Sheila C. Dow, Arjo Klamer, David Colander, D. Wade Hands, Bruce J. Caldwell, and Fritjof Capra, to...
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Ethical Codes and Standards in Banking
Budinská, Zuzana ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (advisor) ; Sojka, Milan (referee)
Thesis deals with the ethical aspect of banking, concentrating on the Czech Republic. The aim of the thesis is to analyze, how much is or can be the process of self-regulation by the means of ethical codes successful. Little bit perfunctorily it devotes to the banking regulation. Specifically it concerns with new Ethical code of CBA - Code of relationship of the bank and the client. The other aim of this thesis is to sketch the global banking problem - money laundering and related banking secrecy, to find out the moral failings and the way they could be solved.
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Regulation, Liberalisation and Competition in the Air Transport Industry
Závoda, Miroslav ; Sojka, Milan (advisor) ; Škrna, Marek (referee)
This thesis deals with the European market of scheduled air passenger transport. In the introductory section there are depicted the specifics of the industry and the economy of air transport is described in a broader context of the network industries. Presented analysis of the regulatory framework gives an overview of the tools restricting the competition in the industry. The European liberalization process is described and the sources of possible market failure and the issues of market stability arising on the deregulated market are discussed. The thesis points out the possible abuse of anticompetitive behavior that can be used by former national flag carriers who are still dominating the European market to drive out the competitors. The problems of detection of the anticompetitive behavior under the European competition law are shown and as a possible solution the implementation of specific provisions regarding the anticompetitive behavior and the abuse of dominant position in air transport is suggested.
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