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Approaches to teaching primary school mathematics
Ždímalová, Eva ; Jirotková, Darina (advisor) ; Slezáková, Jana (referee)
Approaches to teaching primary school mathematics Abstract: The main goal of this thesis is to clarify the differences between two distinct approaches to teaching mathematics at primary school, the transmissive approach and so called genetic constructivism. The theoretical part of the thesis describes main features of these two approaches to teaching mathematics. The practical part shows approaches of two concrete teachers of the first grade, which are investigated by observation, analysis of videorecordings from mathematics lessons and interviews with the teachers. The videorecordings analysis shows didactic aspects of each teacher's approach to teaching. Dealing with pupil's error has been chosen as leading didactic aspect and is analysed in more detail. Furthermore, the author's development of her own approach to teaching mathematics is analysed. Key words: approach to teaching, method, technique, constructivist approach, transmissive approach, dealing with errors, individualisation, teacher's professional development
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Teaching mathematics - schema oriented education in outdoor environment
Mladá, Lada ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Hejný, Milan (referee) ; Jirotková, Darina (referee)
This thesis deals with teaching mathematics - schema oriented education in outdoor environment. It seeks advantages of outdoor education and tries to apply them fully in an innovative way of teaching mathematics for primary schools. It connects the innovative methods of teaching mathematics with our nature, in a peaceful and natural way. Nature is not just an expanded space for learning but it is the means of achieving more effective learning. The thesis informs the reader about the history of outdoor education and it enables deeper understanding of nature's potential and its role in education. It takes advantage of Czech and foreign resources on the matter. The thesis wants to enlighten mathematics students and teachers about the positives of outdoor education by providing a collection of ideas, including their real-life realization and their self- reflection, in the form of prepared mathematics outdoor education material. KEYWORDS Substantial Learning Environment, Schema-oriented Education, Outdoor Education, Outdoor Mathematics
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Mathematical Environments Mazes and Cycle Path with Primary School Pupils
Bartoňová, Jana ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Kloboučková, Jaroslava (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the mathematical environments Mazes and Cycle Paths. The first part is concerned with the definition of two opposite educational styles, transmissive and constructivistic. Within the constructivistic educational style it is also focused on schema-oriented education and on defining its principles for teaching mathematics by Hejný's method. It also introduces a new term genetic constructivism - its author proves that Hejný's mathematics and its didactic environments are embedded in ancient history. This diploma thesis gives an answer to the question of why the environments Mazes and Cycle Paths belong to the teaching of mathematics, and therefore, on what mathematical basis it stands. It is for this reason that it provides insight into the fundamentals of graph theory. It is focused on the historical aspect of terms maze and cycle path and charts exercises in Hejný's textbooks of mathematics from environments Mazes and Cycle Paths. The aim of research is to expand the collection of exercises from these two environments, to chart pupils' solving strategies and identify effective teaching methods in accordance with the schema-oriented education, which has been studied in seven experiments. The last part of this diploma thesis presents a didactic game, which is focused on...
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Strategy of students' problem solving equation type in the 4th and 5th grade of primary school
Johánková, Renata ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Kaslová, Michaela (referee)
Nowadays we can meet instead of the traditional approach to teaching math also Hejný method in schools. The aim of this thesis is to compare two groups of students (traditionally lead and lead by Hejný method) and their strategies for solving problems of the type of equation, and to compare how successful their solutions are. For the group which is taught traditionally, there were chosen the pupils in the 4th and 5th grade of primary school, who used to use the textbook of the series Alter. In the other group there were chosen pupils who use the textbooks by Hejný et al. Before the experiment there had been selected and formulated tasks for the experiment itself. A part of the experiment are also interviews with selected students. KEYWORDS strategy, successful strategy, non-successful strategy, transmisive and constructivistic way of teaching, the type of equation tasks, pupil's solution of the problem
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Hundred table in mathematics teaching in primary school
Loulová, Jana ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Havlíčková, Radka (referee)
The Hundred Table environment is one of the mathematical environments created by the authors of mathematics textbooks published by FRAUS using the Hejný Method, and this paper investigates it further. The theoretical section looks at the current teaching of mathematics and theories of pupils' cognitive process. It further defines the term 'table' and looks at work with it within FRAUS mathematics textbooks using the Hejný Method. Key here are tasks using the Hundred Table environment, which are further described according to type. The objectives of tasks using this environment are also stated. The theoretical section also gives a description of how Hundred Tables appear in various textbooks, materials and other mathematical situations. The experimental section describes three experiments which I undertook to find an appropriate method for implementing Hundred Tables within teaching. I created a number of new tasks for these experiments and investigated what methods pupils used to solve these tasks. KEY WORDS Hundred Table environment, motivation, pupils' cognitive process, table, task solving methods, mathematics textbooks for Primary School, ways of Hundred Tables, sum of centrally symmetric figures, rectangles in Hundred Tables
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Concept Building Process in 2D Geometry of Primary School Pupils
Vlková, Gabriela ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Jirotková, Darina (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of concept building process in 2D geometry. The topic is aimed at preschoolers and school-aged children. The theoretical part describes the stages of human development and the cognitive stages of development. Then there are characterized the term concept, the concept building process and the stages of the language development in mathematics. The following part describes two theories about the building knowledge in Maths and the levels of thinking in geometry according to the van Hiele model. The last one chapter of this part describes the geometry curriculum within the primary school education. The method of qualitative research - participated observation - was used for the practical part. This part describes the research that consists of seven experiments. The aim of the experiments was to observe the development of children's and pupils' ideas about 2D geometric shapes. Many activities were prepared for the research. On the basis of the activities reflection the activities were changed or completed. The experiments are described by means of the phenomena that appeared. The phenomena are important for the describing the concept building process of 2D geometric shapes - a square, a circle, a rectangle, a triangle. The information from research is compared...
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Abacus at kindergarten
Hiťhová, Daniela ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Slezáková, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis detects whether the children are in kindergarten able to accept the counter at selected activities/games. Children can develop dispositions within these activities/games and deepen skills related to premathematical literacy. The theoretical part focuses on the history of the counter and acquaints with the kinds of counters, their using and ways to use. This part is based on the theory of the term "natural number" and on related processes in the development of premathematical literacy. Farther is based on game theory, defines and classifies the game from different perspectives especially in relation to monitored series of activities. The practical part submites series of ten activities/games, that are designed for five to six year old children. Each activities are characterized, implementation of activities is documented and analyzed. Photographs and video records of selected parts are added to the diploma thesis.
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Negative numbers in contemporary primary school mathematics
Skálová, Tereza ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Jirotková, Darina (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to deal with teaching of negative numbers in mathematics in lower primary school. The thesis brings an overview of exercises related to negative numbers, which are available in textbooks dedicated to lower and upper primary school. Main part of the thesis is devoted to three different experiments - pupils experiment, teaching experiment and parlour game. The pupils experiment analysis the successes and troubles of pupils attending 4th and 5th class when filling out the worksheets focused on various models of negative numbers. Furthermore, the teaching experiment based on a questionnaire survey describes comments of lower and upper primary school teachers in regards to implementation and usefulness of negative numbers. Parlour game experiment demonstrates the ability of pupils to grasp mathematical phenomenon by playing a game. Key words: additive operations with negative numbers experiment models of negative number: thermometer, floor, surface environment Stepping environment Stairs word problems board game negative numbers
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Mathematical environment Bus in primary school
Pártl, David ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Jirotková, Darina (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of the mathematical environment Bus realized through mathematical tasks in textbooks Hejný et al. The issue is aimed at pupils of the fourth grade of primary school. The main point of the theoretical part is study of gradual gradation of tasks in environment Bus from 1st to 5th grade of primary school. It was found that the frequency of the tasks in the textbook for the fourth grade is impaired and on the basis has been prepared experiment that complement the tasks so that the frequency has been unimpaired. The practical part includes the preparation of an experiment in which custom- designed tasks were formulated. They were linked with fourth-year primary school curriculum. By performing two experiments was obtained 262 pupil's solutions of tasks, in which were recorded and analyzed pupil's mistakes. This enabled to formulate phenomenons that could be caused by impaired frequency of tasks in environment Bus in textbooks Hejný et al. KEYWORDS graduaded problems, experiment, Hejný's teaching method, mathematical environment Bus, word problems, work with table
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