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Interspecific and intraspecific variation in gastrointestinal microbiota composition of parrots and its association with incidence of selected disorders
Černá, Kateřina ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Rychlík, Ivan (referee)
Captive parrots are susceptible to various digestive, metabolic, and behavioural disorders. Recent research in other vertebrates has suggested that these disorders can be linked to the gut microbiota, directly or through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Although many commercial probiotic products intended for the use in parrots advertise beneficial effects on digestion and mental well- being, these statements are not sufficiently supported with publicly available scientific evidence, but probably rather based on the extrapolation of the knowledge of microbiota-gut-brain interactions in poultry, mice, and humans. However, there are substantial differences in the gastrointestinal tract morphology and gut microbiota composition between parrots and these model vertebrates. This thesis aimed to describe the interspecific and intraspecific variation in the gut microbiota composition of parrots and to link the variation in microbial communities to the incidence of eight selected behavioural and physiological disorders. The gut microbiota composition of 491 individuals from 85 parrot species was analysed using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. The host species, type of feed, and housing environment were identified as the main factors influencing the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota of parrots. A...
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Impact of a hospital palliative care team on costs and quality of care of patients at the end of life.
Křemenová, Zuzana ; Rychlík, Ivan (advisor) ; Merta, Miroslav (referee) ; Bužgová, Radka (referee)
This dissertation thesis describes the end-of-life care in hospital setting and compare the dying phase with and without specialist palliative care support. The second part of the thesis focus on quality of care improvement by using patient reported outcome measures (PROMS). To increase the quality of symptom assessment in palliative care the routine use of PROMS is recommended. Aims The first study aimed to compare costs of terminal hospitalization and quality of care between the group of patients with and without support of a palliative care team. The second study aimed to provide translation, cultural adaptation and validation of IPOS- renal measure, which is patient reported outcome measure used for patients with advanced chronic renal disease. Methods The first study was a descriptive retrospective case-control study. We explored the difference in daily hospital costs between patients who died with and without the support of the hospital palliative care team. As secondary outcomes, we compared the groups over the duration of the terminal hospitalization, intensive care unit days, intravenous antibiotics, MR/CT scans, oncologic treatment, preferences and limitation of care and family support. In the second study the IPOS-renal was translated to Czech and culturally adapted using cognitive...
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Renal Biopsy in Diabetes, Comparison of Morphology and Clinical Symptoms
Kruntorád, Vít ; Rychlík, Ivan (advisor)
Diploma student work can bring many beneficial skills and useful knowledge. It mainly on him, how much is ready to put time, energy and creative potential. I managed to find the unique theme of work, I have also become a big challenge. The main motivation was Considering that the work has clear clinical meaning and perhaps even impact. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious disease significantly changing the current life of the patient. Good control and treatment disease requires patient discipline in lifestyle and respect of medical schemes. However, even with goodcompensation diabetes may progress and reduce the quality of life affected. This is mainly on chronic complications specific for this disease - that is affected eye, kidney and polyneuropatické. The theme of this work is just one the most serious chronic komlikací diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. We tried to map the situation of kidney damage in diabetics, its dependence on selected clinical parameters and some prognostic parameters. The information that we have collected will be further used in the project of the Czech Society of Nephrology (CNS) within the Czech registry of renal biopsy (CRRB) - Renal biopsy in diabetic patients, survey results in 1999-2003, which isfinancially fully backed by the CNS. Is the exclusive property of CRRB CNS, the...
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Analysis of intracellular pathogen Francisella tularensis expression upon cultivation under stressfull conditions and during the interaction with a host cell
Lenčo, Juraj ; Stulík, Jiří (advisor) ; Rychlík, Ivan (referee) ; Weiser, Jaroslav (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Lékařská fakulta v Hradci Králové Analýza exprese intracelulárního patogena Francisella tularensis kultivovaného za stresových podmínek a v průběhu interakce s hostitelskou buňkou Autoreferát dizertační práce Mgr. Juraj Lenčo Hradec Králové 2007 2 Dizertační práce byla vypracována v rámci doktorského studijního programu lékařská biologie na Ústavu lékařské biologie a genetiky Lékařské fakulty v Hradci Králové, Univerzity Karlovy v Praze a Ústavu molekulární patologie Fakulty vojenského zdravotnictví Hradec Králové, Univerzita obrany Brno. Uchazeč: Mgr. Juraj Lenčo Ústav molekulární patologie, Fakulta vojenského zdravotnictví Hradec Králové, Univerzita obrany Brno. Školitel: Doc. MUDr. Jiří Stulík, CSc. Ústav molekulární patologie, Fakulta vojenského zdravotnictví Hradec Králové, Univerzita obrany Brno Školitel konzultant: Prof. MUDr. RNDr. Miroslav Červinka, CSc. Ústav lékařské biologie a genetiky, Lékařská fakulta v Hradci Králové, Univerzita Karlova v Praze Oponenti: RNDr. Ivan Rychlík, Ph.D. Oddělení bakteriologie Výzkumný ústav veterinárního lékařství Brno RNDr. Jaroslav Weiser, CSc. Mikrobiologický ústav Akademie věd České republiky Stanovisko k dizertační práci vypracovala oborová rada oboru lékařská biologie akreditovaného na Ústavu lékařské biologie a genetiky Lékařské...
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Molecular Markers with Impact on Kidney Graft Survival and Glomerulopathies Progression
Brabcová, Irena ; Viklický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jirsa, Milan (referee) ; Rychlík, Ivan (referee)
The progression of chronic glomerulopathy and graft rejection is affected by a number of proinflammatory cytokines, whose role in the pathogenesis of damage is poorly understood. The aim of this dissertation was to identify reliable risk markers of renal dysfunction progression and thereby contribute to a more effective patient treatment. Human native kidney biopsies with histologically confirmed diagnosis of glomerulopathy or kidney graft biopsies were analysed. Intrarenal gene expressions were measured by RT-qPCR. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected by methods based on PCR-RFLP. Immunohistochemical staining was used to identify and quantify the mononuclear cell infiltration. Gene expression of TGF-β1, HGF, BMP7, MCP-1, RANTES and mononuclear cell infiltration were associated with poor renal function and proteinuria at the time of IgA nephropathy diagnosis. Progression of IgA nephropathy during the 2-year follow-up was shown to be dependent on the degree of chronic vasculopathy and TGF-1 expression in the kidney. Patients with graft dysfunction and enhanced intrarenal expression of TGF-1, MCP-1 had significantly shorter graft survival. Higher mRNA expression of IL-10, TGF- 1, IL-6, MCP-1, RANTES and TNF- was observed in patients with graft dysfunction presented at the time of biopsy....
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Markers influencing the course of IgA nephropathy.
Neprašová, Michaela ; Maixnerová, Dita (advisor) ; Dusilová Sulková, Sylvie (referee) ; Rychlík, Ivan (referee)
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide with a very severe prognosis, causing kidney failure in up to 50 % of patients in a period of 30 years. For the diagnosis of IgAN it is necessary to perform a renal biopsy, this is an invasive examination that carries number of risks for the patients (the most common is bleeding and others). The aim of our work was to identify markers that could facilitate diagnosis and might help in determining the disease activity with an estimate of prognosis and consequently optimal use of effective therapy. In the pilot project on 19 patients with different types of glomerulonephritides (IgAN, diabetic nephropathy, membranous glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, ANCA associated vasculitis) and 19 healthy subjects we demonstrated a panel of 7 biomarkers (8-hydroxyguanosine, dodecanal, leukotriene C4, alpha1-antitrypsin, heparan sulfate , IgA-uromodulin, Gd-IgA1) that were able to completely differentiate patients with IgAN from other types of glomerulonephritides or healthy controls. In a group of 93 Czech patients with IgAN we confirmed the influence of clinical factors (PU, HT, eGFR) on the progression of renal function. Using LDA and logistic regression modelling we found that serum Gd-IgA1 (native without pre-treatment with...
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The effect of transplantation therapy on diabetic complications
Bouček, Petr ; Pelikánová, Terezie (advisor) ; Vondra, Karel (referee) ; Rychlík, Ivan (referee)
Microangiopathic (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and macroangiopathic complications are the major causes of morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. The main aims of the thesis were the assessment of the effect of pancreas transplantation with long-term normoglycemia on the course of small fibre diabetic neuropathy in type 1 diabetic patients and the comparison of the effect of kidney transplantation on the prognosis of type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Selected parameters of autonomic nerve function (cardiovascular reflex tests and spectral analysis of heart rate variability) and intraepidermal nerve fibre density in skin biopsies were assessed prospectively following simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplantation in type 1 diabetic patients. In type 2 diabetic patients, patient and graft survival and the occurrence of complications following kidney transplantation were retrospectively compared to matched non-diabetic controls. Advanced stages of diabetic neuropathy were present in type 1 diabetic patients at the time of transplantation and no significant improvement was seen in any of the assessed parameters following pancreas transplantation with long-term normoglycemia, which is indicative of the presence of irreversible structural small nerve fibre changes. Following kidney...
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