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Realism at Prague university during the reign of Wenceslas IV
Řezník, Jan ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee) ; Demjančuk, Nikolaj (referee)
This thesis is devoted to the analysis of the realist view in the dispute about the nature of universals at Prague university during the reign of Wenceslas IV. At the same time, I explore the realism of the beginning of the fifteenth century in the Czech intellectual environment with regard to its international influences, with which I deal both synchronically and diachronically. I inquire into Prague realism as an original tradition of thinking, which is inspired by the philosophy and logic of foreign thinkers, but such influence is recontextualized into the Czech intellectual environment in a completely unprecedented way. My epistemological framework is based in inductive research, which I conduct by combining the results derived from the analysis of independent datasets of primary data. Such methodological choice enables me to carry out triangulation, i.e. finding the objective truth through approaching the topic from various viewpoints. I reach the conclusion that the dispute about the nature of universals at Prague university at the beginning of the fifteenth century cannot be reduced to the opposition between the nominalism of German masters and the realism of Czech masters, but realism can be apprehended as an important school of thought in terms of establishing an independent tradition of...
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Seventh-day Adventist Church as a religious phenomena
Fejsáková, Sabina ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Zicha, Zbyněk (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to approximate and specify currently very fast growing eschatological Christian movement Seventh-day Adventist Church. First, the history of this religious community is outlined, both at the place of origin, i.e. in the USA, and in the territory of our state, where it is currently one of the most active churches in mission and preaching. Partial attention is then paid to the central circumstances and key figures behind the founding of this community - especially the Baptist preacher William Miller, who gave the initial impetus to the founding of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church, or the personality of Ellen White, who was known for her extraordinary visionary abilities. The central part of the work is the characterization and definition of the basic features of Seventh-Day Adventism - namely, the basic dogmas and beliefs, in comparison with the most widespread Christian denominations (particularly the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches). In this sense, they are taken into account, comparatively against Adventism, especially the dogmatics of the first ecumenical councils. In the last part of the work, the author takes into account social or anthropological problems and questions related to this movement - for example, the question of a healthy lifestyle (which makes the...
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Importance of Game in Upbringing and Education
Nekolová, Iveta ; Pelcová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
The work will consist of two parts. The first will be theoretical and will reflect the elementary concepts - game, education, education process, the world and culture. The theoretical reflection will comprise a historical overview, philosophical analysis and comparison of various game conceptions. It will be the definition of historical, philosophical, sociological and anthropological perspective. The second part will be oriented practically. We will focus on using games in education as a teaching method. A mini-research executed among schoolmates, soon-to-be teachers, will be included. Using questionnaires we will try to find out the extent of using games in educational process.
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Stoic Elements in Tertullianus' Theology
Hladký, Petr ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
The aim of this work is to introduce the person of Tertullian, an early Christian apologet from the turn of the 2nd century. and 3. Century. A stoic cosmogonic model of the world and a focus mainly on the concept of the soul (psyche) and body (soma). To point out how Tertullian understands these modalities in terms of his theology, as he understands them in his writings of De anima and De carne Christi, how he defends them against his opponents from the ranks of heretics or neo-Platonics. Part of the work is also Tertullian's treatise on the most holy Trinity. The work is structured into three main parts. The first part points to the work, the historical context and the biography of Tertulian. The second part deals with stoic influences affecting the author. The third longest part deals with Tertullian's own theological concept in terms of soul and body. The work of the compilation method of interpretations of individual studies offers a comprehensive idea of Tertullian's idea of the essence of the soul, body, spirit and God.
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Merleau-Ponty's use of painting experience for critique of perception
Titová, Aneta ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Pelcová, Naděžda (referee)
The thesis Merleau-Ponty's Use of Painting Experience for Critique of Perception discusses the philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and his contribution to perception of corporeality and the body, and especially to use of perception in the area of arts, based on the idea that the truthfulness of the object of our perception is not identical with its real image. The aim of the thesis is to outline the issue of living encounter of subject and object of perception. Besides that, it describes the philosophies of Merleau-Ponty's precursors, namely of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, whose work served to him as a source of inspiration. The second objective of the thesis is to describe life and work of the French painter Paul Cézanne, whose art and specific world view inspired Merleau-Ponty's essay named Eye and Mind. The crucial influences on Paul Cézanne's life and artistic evolution were his unbalanced nature, reactions of the society to his work, and the scenery of Provence, the region where he spent major part of his life. The thesis also compares Cézanne's work with some artistic movements, among them impressionism, which he first followed and later abandoned to be able to create purely on the basis of a careful study of nature and his environment, which he attempted to imitate accurately in his...
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The Motif of Machine in Descartes' Metaphysics
Sedlická, Denisa ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
The master's thesis discusses basic elements of metaphysics by René Descartes. The first part of the thesis focuses on his personal life because certain events shaped and influenced his further actions and ideas. To understand the context of time, the paper presents history knowledge that is relevant to the topic. René Descartes is still known today for his philosophical ideas which helped to develop findings in the field of metaphysics. During his lifetime, that is the first half of the 17th century, natural sciences were gaining in popularity. The thesis follows up with mathematization and geometrization of nature. Descartes' basic premise of knowledge is methodical skepticism which ultimately results in his first personal certainty of philosophy. Next part focuses on the clarification of the dualistic concept of two different substances - rez extensa and res cogitans. The largest and most important part deals with the mechanical conception of the human body. René Descartes believes that the human body is a machine operated by mechanical principles. The thesis introduces a systematic description of the body which logically justifies the primary ideas of this French philosopher. KEYWORDS René Descartes, methaphysics, dualism, mind, body, God, machine, mathematics, geometry
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