|
|
Prioritization in nature conservation: Šumava National Park as a case study
Janík, Tomáš ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Václavík, Tomáš (referee) ; Boltižiar, Martin (referee)
In recent decades, we have been facing negative changes to the environment across the world. Landscape changes affected by anthropogenic activities and new forms of land use have led to the decline of suitable habitats, landscape fragmentation, and insufficient landscape management, all of which cause biodiversity loss. One of the basic instruments which should prevent these negative changes is spatial nature protection. Often, it is in opposition to other interests in the area. Due to these different interests, it is essential to know the area and set its values and priorities for nature protection. Šumava National Park was chosen for this study as a relatively large and compact area with a high degree of protection, which is differentiated based on zonation, and also with a good data basis as well as turbulent management development. Using landscape-ecological and geographical approaches, several outputs were subsequently created analysing values and priorities of the area. The aim was to contribute to the debate on the management and zonation of Šumava National Park and protected areas in general. The approach consists of a few steps; first the area was characterized from the physical- geographical, socioeconomic, and management point of view. Moreover, a comparison was made with Bavarian Forest...
|
|
|
Analysis of spatial configuration of agriculture land in Czechia and its relation to natural conditions
Duspiva, Marek ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
The spatial configuration of agricultural land has a fundamental influence on the functioning and processes in the landscape. Its form is a reflection of natural conditions, but also of socioeconomic factors. This thesis deals with the issue in a broader context so that the connections and complexity of the studied phenomenon were outlined. The aim of the thesis was the analysis of the spatial configuration (distribution and size structure of agricultural areas, way, and intensity of land use) of agricultural land in Czechia in relation to natural conditions and evaluation of regional differences. For this purpose, very detailed spatial data of agricultural land use from the LPIS register were used. These data include details about so-called land blocks and parts of land blocks. The analysis was performed by observing several parameters, such as the size of agricultural areas, their altitude, slope, and productivity of agricultural land. These parameters were observed in the size categories of land blocks and parts of land blocks, as well as in landscape types of Czechia. The analysis showed significant differentiation in the size of agricultural areas. The majority of agricultural land is concentrated in a relatively small number of significantly above-average size agricultural areas. For example,...
|
|
|
Wilderness and recreation in the Šumava NP - typology of the relationship
Zitová, Anna ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on evaluating the relationship between wilderness and recreation, specifically in the Czech National Park Šumava. Šumava is one of the unique natural sites, not only due to its location in Central Europe, but also due to its unique natural wealth hidden in the heart of Europe. Moors, peat bogs, river springs, but also forest vegetation and much more are among the treasures of this Czech national park. These places are an attraction for many visitors. The work examines how to reconcile these two opposing tendencies. On the one hand, it is a desire to protect the natural environment and, on the other hand, it is the ever-increasing pressure of tourism and recreation. The diploma thesis is divided into two basic parts. The first part is a search of the evaluation of the "wilderness" itself and offers a view of this concept from different angles. It is evident that the view of the wilderness will be different in the world context from what we know from the Czech Republic. Furthermore, it is possible to get acquainted with the influence of recreation on the natural environment, resp. "Wilderness". The work examines the effects of recreation on fauna and flora in the most detail. The practical part of the work addresses the relationship between recreation and "wilderness" in...
|
|
|
Influence of mountain farming termination on forest stands in the east part of the Krkonoše Mts.
Mach, Dominik ; Treml, Václav (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
This thesis focuses on the evaluation of the impact of abandonment of agricultural land on forest stands in the eastern part of the Krkonoše Mountains. The aim of this thesis is to reconstruct the evolution of the forest response to gradual termination of mountain farming. Specifically, I analysed the age structure of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and described the dynamics of secondary forest succession in meadow enclaves around huts. Three main research methods helped meeting the above-mentioned objectives of the thesis. The first is the analysis of old maps. The second is segmentation and supervised classification of aerial photographs. The last is dendrochronological research of the age structures of Norway spruce. Research showed the expansion of forest stands into treeless grassland enclaves. The main driving force behind this process of secondary succession has been the gradual decline of mountain farming. After the end of mountain farming in the middle of the 20th century,the dynamics of forest succession in meadow enclaves increased significantly, with the highest rate of succession in the following 20 years. Forest succession took place mainly along the edges of meadow enclaves. Inside the meadow enclaves, trees were mostly established along streams. The most significant factor that...
|
|
|
Importance of forest continuity and fragmentation according to beetles as an indicating taxonomic group
Loskotová, Tereza ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Treml, Václav (referee)
Importance of forest continuity and fragmentation according to beetles as an indicating taxonomic group Abstract Old-growth forests can provide suitable habitats for certain organisms which can't live in another type of environment. These organisms can be used as bioindicators of old-growth forests. Spatial organization of forests affects spatial distribution and population abundance of these organisms. Fragmentation process can negatively influence populations of forest organisms. In particular, the aim of this work was to locate areas with forest continuity within the area of interest and to characterize their spatial arrangement. Long-term continuity of forests was identified using historical maps. Spatial distribution of forests is not equal. In the northern and north-eastern part of the area, there is a large forest complex while in the southern and south-western part of the area, there is lot of forest fragments with surrounding of agriculture fields. Next target was to select beetle group with potential bioindicators of forest continuity. Many beetle species live in forests and the group fulfills requirements for indicating groups. Saproxylic beetles were chosen as a crucial group for a subsequent study. Keywords: continuity, fragmentation, indicator, landscape structure, beetles
|
|
|
The level of invasion by alien plants in the Ploučnice River basin
Šenová, Vendula ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
The level of invasion varies according to the habitat type. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the level of invasion in the basin of the Ploučnice River in North Bohemia. The values of the level of invasion were quantified for vegetation plots from the Czech National Phytosociological Database and for segments of riverbank vegetation which were mapped at own field research. Ten maps showing the level of invasion by alien plants were developed based on a quantitative assessment of the level of invasion of particular habitat types at different altitudes. The levels of invasion were measured as proportion of the species that are aliens and total cover of alien species, the same was done for archeophytes and neophytes separately. The other option to quantify the level of invasion was using levels of count of invasive neophytes in the riverbank vegetation. Within each habitat the level of invasion was related to altitude. If the relation was significant, the level of invasion in that habitat was extrapolated according to that relation to altitude. Mean levels of invasion were used for the habitats which the relation was non-significant for. The west, northeast and the central parts of the assessed basin were evaluated as the most invaded areas. It is caused by the occurrence of the most invaded...
|
|
|
Assesment of landscape permeability - example of Prague highway bypass
Štambergová, Barbora ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
Permeability of the landscape is crucial for the survival of many species. However, nowadays is quickly increasing the landscape fragmentation and the connectivity of landscape elements is decreasing. Fragmentation of the landscape is mainly affected by road constructions, which cause even other significant ecological impacts. In connection with recovery of the permeability of the landscape are therefore made these line barriers often passable. Construction of the road over- and under- passes is common measure, but the remaining question is if constructions of these objects help to achieve required measures. The practical part of this thesis is therefore focused on analysis of selected passageways of Prague highway bypass and on the evaluation of their using. Keywords: Landscape fragmentation, landscape permability, ecoducts, mitigation measures
|
|
|
Geoinformatic applications in landscape genetics
Mráz, Jakub ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
This Bachelor thesis shows elementary methods used in landscape genetics. Landscape genetics is a combine field of population genetics and landscape ecology. This field of study uses geoinformatic and statistic methods and methods of its mother fields. Here, the genetic methods from population genetics, will not be shown. This thesis is concern by the methods that are applied in study of the population boundaries and connectivity between populations. History and paradigm of both landscape genetics and Geoninformatic methods are also mentioned, for easier understanding of context. Lastly, most methods here are listed with Geoinformatic systems (GIS), which are computer programs, capable of using these methods and apply them on needed projects. Keywords: GIS, Landscape Genetics, Landscape Ecology, Connectivity, Least-cost path, Circuit theory
|
|
|
Physical-geographical analysis of the distribution of lynx in the Bohemian Forest
Sladová, Michaela ; Romportl, Dušan (advisor) ; Chuman, Tomáš (referee)
Natural landscape has been changed and forest habitats have been fragmented as a result of human activity. Consequently a decay of forest species has been registered and Eurasian lynx belongs to these threatened species. This wild beast had been exterminated in past in Czech Republic. The Czech and German parts of Šumava Mountains belong to the most forested areas in Europe and therefore they represent convenient areas for a steady occurrence of the mammals which need large areas for their existence. That is why the population of this wild beast was re-established through the use of 24 re-introducted specimen in Šumava Mountains during the 1980s. At present Šumava Mountains represent one of the main central areas of steady occurrence of eurasian lynx in Czech Republic. On the basis of radiotelemetric data coming from 10 individuals of Eurasian lynx (6 males and 4 females) the spatial requirements of this wild beast have been analysed by means of the three following methods: Minimum Convex Polygon, Kernel Home Range and Local Convex Hull. Also the impacts of human activities and relief character have been discussed together with the preference of the provincial cover. It has been found out that the spread of this wild beast is limited by the estate, the traffic infrastructure and fragmentation of...
|
|
|
Land Cover Changes in connection with the Iron Curtain using Corine Land Cover Database
Najman, Jiří ; Bičík, Ivan (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
This master's thesis focuses on land use and land cover changes in relation to the Iron Curtain and its fall. The area of concern was delimited with a buffer zone of 15 km from the Iron Curtain (both sides). The space was created according to the administrative structure consistent with the year 1989. Different processes in the economy of the countries involved has had an undoubtedly significant influence on land cover and land use structure and its changes. Agronomic politics in European democratic states was more market oriented and that was mirrored in land use structures. On the other hand, soil in countries under soviet influence was cultivated on infertile grounds, which was untenable after 1990. The fall of the Warsaw Treaty stood for radical changes in the society of states that were directly influenced by the Soviet Union. Based on this fact we can presume more intensive land cover changes on the side of the former East in comparison with the Western countries. This expectation was confirmed using CORINE Land Cover dataset. The former East has undergone changes nearly five times more in comparison with the opposite side of the Iron Curtain boundary between 1990 and 2000. Essential variance was also remarkable amidst individual zones separated by administrative boundaries. The most stable...
|
guest ::
