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Quality of life evaluation in pregnant women in the Czech republic and Slovakia by means of a specific questionaire QOL-GRAV
Bujňáková, Terézia ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Title of diploma thesis: Quality of life evaluation in pregnant women in the Czech republic and Slovakia by means of a specific questionaire QOL-GRAV Author: Terézia Bujňáková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Rathouská, Ph.D. Backround First, an overview of the theory concerning quality of life, pregnancy and folic acid intake was the part of the main aims of this thesis. Experimental section is focused on evaluating quality of life of pregnant women, supplementation of folic acid before and during gravidity and its potential effect on quality of life of women in the Czech republic and Slovakia, evaluated by a specific questionaire QOL-GRAV. Methods We used a quntitative method in the form of specific questionaire QOL-GRAV, in which questions about folic acid supplementation and eating habits changes before and during pregnancy, were implemented. 564 pregnant women from Czech and Slovak republic were questioned in any week of gravidity or two weeks after delivery, at latest. Results We can consider quality of life of pregnant women in Czech and Slovak republic as very good, according to average value 18,81 points of 45 points overall obtained from the questionaire, where minimum possible value of 9...
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Vaccinations before travelling abroad
Sejkorová, Monika ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Bc. Monika Sejkorová Vaccinations before travelling abroad Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Specialist in laboratory methods Background: The thesis consists of theoretical summary of information which characterizes travel vaccination. Further, it consists of a questionnaire study, whose goal was to determine the volume of people's knowledge about travel vaccination, their attitude and personal experience with vaccination. Next goal was to statistically evaluate influence of age, level of education and work in healthcare industry on individually chosen questions. Methods: Questionnaire study was performed from September 2020 to January 2021 and consisted of 24 questions. The questionnaire was directed to male and female respondents of all age groups from Czech Republic (620 respondents). Statistical outputs were done by IBM SPSS Statistics software. Results: Most of the respondents (95 %) were aware of travel vaccination. Most often they found out about it from media (36 %), the source of more detailed information was obtained from vaccination and travel healthcare center (35 %). 30 % of respondents chose to let themselves vaccinate. The most frequent reason for no vaccination was that the respondents did not travel to a high-risk country (86 %). Three respondents...
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Oral immunological tolerance - food allergies
Chludová, Helena ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medicinal Sciences Consultant: PharmDr. Jana Rathouská, Ph.D. Candidate: Helena Chludová Title of diploma thesis: Oral immunological tolerance - food allergies Food allergy is a pathological immune response caused normally by harmless food antigens. At this time, treatments are based on the management of avoidance of potential allergens and immediate treatment of allergic reactions. The prevalence of the disease is increasing while the level of care remains insufficient. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and appropriate prevention seem to be the key to reduce successfully the prevalence of food allergies. The fact of the matter is that oral tolerance generally occurs on mucosal surfaces. It primarily suppresses specific immune responses to antigens in the gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, the process protects against an inappropriate immune response to a number of foreign antigens or common commensal organisms in the digestive tract. Indeed, if oral tolerance fails, immune reactivity leads to food allergies. During the last decade, research has considerably focused on the timing of the introduction of solid and potentially allergenic foods in infant nutrition. This early period of life is associated with...
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Immunopharmacology and immunotherapy of cancer
Havlíková, Kateřina ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Consultant: PharmDr. Jana Rathouská, Ph.D. Candidate: Kateřina Havlíková Title of diploma thesis: Immunopharmacology and immunotherapy of cancer Main goal of this work is to summarize modern trends of immunopharmacology and immunotherapy of tumour disease and to stress their importance for the future of therapy. To add context to immunotherapy there are also described characteristics of tumour disease and immune system, on which many principles of immunotherapy are directly based. This diploma thesis is divided into three individual parts - carcinogenesis, immune system and immunotherapy. The carcinogenesis chapter includes basic mechanism of cancer development, principles how body protects itself against tumour disease and mechanisms how this protection fails. In the immune system chapter there are described individual types of immunity and mechanism by which immunity fails in the case of tumor disease. The immunotherapy chapter describes recent findings of how the properties of immune system can be utilized to combat tumor disease. Approved and used therapies are included.
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Quality of life evaluation in pregnant women in the Czech republic and Slovakia by means of a specific questionaire QOL-GRAV
Bujňáková, Terézia ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Title of diploma thesis: Quality of life evaluation in pregnant women in the Czech republic and Slovakia by means of a specific questionaire QOL-GRAV Author: Terézia Bujňáková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Rathouská, Ph.D. Backround First, an overview of the theory concerning quality of life, pregnancy and folic acid intake was the part of the main aims of this thesis. Experimental section is focused on evaluating quality of life of pregnant women, supplementation of folic acid before and during gravidity and its potential effect on quality of life of women in the Czech republic and Slovakia, evaluated by a specific questionaire QOL-GRAV. Methods We used a quntitative method in the form of specific questionaire QOL-GRAV, in which questions about folic acid supplementation and eating habits changes before and during pregnancy, were implemented. 564 pregnant women from Czech and Slovak republic were questioned in any week of gravidity or two weeks after delivery, at latest. Results We can consider quality of life of pregnant women in Czech and Slovak republic as very good, according to average value 18,81 points of 45 points overall obtained from the questionaire, where minimum possible value of 9...
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Atopic dermatitis ańd progress in therapy
Krymová, Lucie ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
Atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease which is one of the most common skin diseases. The prevalence is relatively high and is still growing. In former times, atopic dermatitis was considered primarily a childhood disease but today, the prevalence is increasing in adult patients too. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic incurable disease with a significant negative impact on patients' lives. The negative impact on the quality of life often leads to a lack of adherence of these patients to the standard treatment procedure, which implies the need to combine different therapies in the field of complementary and alternative medicine. While there is still not enough data available to conclude that adjuvant therapies are effective in the conventional sense, there are already promising results that suggest that these therapeutic strategies might be an alternative to treating this disease. Although mild and moderate forms of disease can be well controlled using external treatments, such as emollients, topical corticosteroids, and local calcineurin inhibitors, the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis is still a major challenge. Systemic treatment with corticosteroids is a relatively effective treatment in many cases, but cannot be used for a long time due to numerous side effects. And...
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Voluntary vaccination in children
Sejkorová, Ilona ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Bc. Ilona Sejkorová Voluntary vaccination in children Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Specialist in laboratory methods Many viruses or bacteria may be the cause of infectious diseases. Is possible to use vaccination against some of them. Voluntary vaccination in childeren is still an actual topic. Even though, vaccination has many opponents, it still belongs to the most effective preventive precautions. Objectives: The thesis consists of a theoretical summary of information related to child voluntary vaccination problems. The practical part consists of a questionnaire study whose goal was to determine the attitude of parents and potential parents to child optional vaccination topic. Also, to find out the awareness of the population about the topic, to assess the most used voluntary vaccination, and possibly further information about dangerous side effects of the voluntary vaccinations. Methods: A questionnaire study for a period October 2018 to February 2019 in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire consisted of 20 questions directed to parents and potential parents of various ages (606 respondents). Results: Most of the respondents (94 %) were aware about a possibility of the child voluntary vaccination. More than a half (51 %) of respondents was informed about...
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Drug allergies - immunopathological reactions of skin and mucous membranes
Švecová, Monika ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medicinal Science Consultant: PharmDr. Jana Rathouská, Ph.D. Candidate: Monika Švecová Title of diploma thesis: Drug allergies - immunopathological reactions of skin and mucous membranes Immune reactions to small molecular compounds as drugs can cause a variety of diseases mainly involving skin, mucous membranes, liver, kidney, lungs and other organs. In addition to relatively well-known immediate and IgE mediated reactions to drugs, many drug - induced hypersensitivity reactions appear delayed. These reactions are predominantly characterized by exanthematous macular or maculopapular skin eruptions. However, approximately 2 % of cases develop into a severe and life - threating systematic immune reaction associated with organ damage. Severe/life - threatening reactions include bullous reactions, such as Stevens - Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, but also acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of these reactions is based on the understanding of the mechanisms by which drugs are recognized by T lymphocytes, on a thorough analysis of subtypes and function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells...
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Pathophysiology of Metabolic syndrome and current therapeutic approaches.
Mohamed Hamdy, Engy ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Rathouská, Jana (referee)
The goal of this thesis is the knowledge and analysis of the Metabolic Syndrome and its association with the cardiovascular diseases. Aspects such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, and complications will be discussed in this thesis. The general and known pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches towards the syndrome will be analyzed. It is also discussed in this thesis the new therapeutic approaches towards the syndrome, with the benefits and toxicities listed.
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Antigenic structures of erythrocytes
Anderlová, Petra ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Background: The knowledge of antigens expressed on red blood cells is an integral part of a transfusion medicine that uses this knowledge for effective and more safe hemotherapy. The aim of this work is to create an overview of selected important blood group systems and to compile existing knowledge into one document. Main fingings: Most antigenic structures on erythrocytes are included in group systems that provide better lucidity and orientation. Each group system contains both antigens and relevant antibodies, whose importance is clinically specific. Expression of the antigens on erythrocyte is always given by genetics, so it is possible to find links between belonging to some blood group and appearance of some diseases. Conclusions: There have been sought information about individual group systems, their antigens and their antibodies. In antigens especially about their structure and genetic background, in antibodies especially about their particular reactivity and clinical relevance. These already existing facts have been compared with some selected clinical trials and there has also been referred to associations of blood antigens with the occurrence of some pathological conditions. Keywords: antigen, antibody, blood group system, blood transfusion
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