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Chromatic Aberration of Several Important Refractors of the 19th and 20th Century
Rail, Zdeněk ; Jareš, Daniel ; Tomka, David ; Doleček, Roman
In 19th century refractors dominated in astronomical research. Lenses of these devices were made of the classical glasses. Main optical aberration of these telescopes was residual chromatism. In this paper residual chromatism of several important refractors is shown. We managed to get optical parameters of 40, 36, 25 inch refractors of Alvan Clark, 12 inch telescope of Greenwiche observatory and 6 inch heliometer of Joseph Fraunhofer with which paralax of star was measured for the first time. The paper contains parameters of the dublet of König telescope of Prague‘s observatory
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Optical Designs of the Chromospheric Telescope and the Coronograph
Rail, Zdeněk ; Jareš, Daniel ; Tomka, David ; Doleček, Roman
This paper presents optical designs of several devices which are used in solar astronomy – coronograph and telescope for the observations of chromosphere. We insist on high quality of images and simplicity of the whole optical design. The coronograph is composed of 7 optical parts to minimize dispersed light. The chromospheric telescope is designed both for birefringent and Fabry-Perot filters. All these designs could be used as the initial solutions for much complicated devices
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Residual aberrations of Clark 8“ telescope of Ondřejov
Rail, Zdeněk ; Jareš, Daniel ; Lédl, Vít
This paper deals with residual aberrations of Clark 8“ (diameter 203 mm) lens of Astronomical Institute of AS CR,v.v.i. in Ondřejov. Objective was disassembled and cleaned in Development Optical Workshop of AS CR in Turnov in 1999. During this process optical parameters of lenses were measured and this makes possible to evaluate mathematical simulation of this dublet.
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Catadioptric systems of Argunov, Popov and Klevcov
Rail, Zdeněk ; Jareš, Daniel ; Lédl, Vít
This paper deals with two-mirror systems of Argunov, Popov and Klevcov which use meniscus correctors in convergent beam of light placed near their secondaries. These systems make possible to construct of highly aberration corrected devices. Several telescopes of this type are producted commercialy and belong to the best corrected catadioptric systems.
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The Corrector of Volosov
Rail, Zdeněk ; Jareš, Daniel ; Lédl, Vít
Soon after discovery of meniscus telescope of Maksutov optical properties of doublet corrector was researched. Doublet was placed into parallel light beam in front of common optical system. Afocal corrector composed of two thin lenses of the same glass enables to correct optical aberrations of many systems and to reach radical improvement of their imaging properties. Compared to Schmidt plate doublet corrector possesses only spherical surfaces and its manufacturing tolerances are much freer than meniscus of Maksutov. Derivation of main equations was performed by Volosov, Galpern and Grebenshchikova in 1943. Our paper deals with optical aberrations of the system consisting of common aspherical mirror and corrector of Volosov. These systems are less known among opticians and astronomers but enable construction of fast cameras and telescopes.
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