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Impact of light on cognition and mood
Křivohlavá, Tereza ; Bendová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Růžička, Jiří (referee)
Circadian rhythms are cyclically repeating biorhythms with an approximate period of 24 hours. The main circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei in the hypothalamus controls the correct timing of physiological processes and behaviors and works to synchronize the whole body into a single period. The circadian clock works correctly if the period and phase are adjusted daily by environmental stimuli consistent with the solar cycle. The alternation of light and dark is the primary synchronizer of circadian rhythms and one that people mostly do not adhere nowadays. At nighttime they are usually exposed to strong lights while during the daytime they spend many hours in a dark room without receiving enough (sun)light. This disruption of biological and environmental clocks causes the desynchronization of the organism and the periodic misalignment of physiological or mental processes in the body. Long lasting desynchronization could have a serious impact on the human body, including emotions and cognitive functions.
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Matching the role of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan, aggrecan, in dense extracellular matrix of perineuronal nets and glial scar
Gmiterková, Lenka ; Růžička, Jiří (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries are worldwide medical problems. Disruption of the tissue leads to the changes in the cellular and extracellular matrix composition. This newly formed scar is not permissive for the axonal regrowth. Its function in prohibiting neuronal plasticity is similar to the perineuronal nets present in undamaged brain. One of the key components of both perineuronal nets and scar is proteoglycan aggrecan. In this thesis I focused on the function of aggrecan in central nervous system, mechanism of its growth inhibitory feature and research in the field of traumatic brain or spine cord injury treatment. It is important topic, since currently there are not any approved human therapies to recover axonal growth at the site of formed scar.
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Annotated translation: L'ABCDaire du cigare (DESCHODT, Eric. L'ABCDaire du cigare. Paris: Flammarion, 1996)
Růžička, Jiří ; Šotolová, Jovanka (advisor) ; Belisová, Šárka (referee)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to create a translation of a chosen section of the book "L'ABCdaire du Cigare" by Éric Deschodt from French into Czech and provide it with an analytic annotation in the second, theoretical chapter. This annotation includes a characterisation of the translation, followed by a translation analysis of the original text as well as a description of the translation method and an analysis of translation problems and shifts using specific examples from both aforementioned texts. Keywords: Translation, translation analysis, annotated translation, tobacco smoking, cigar
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New insights on tau protein aggregation and the spreading of tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease
Pribiš, Matej ; Růžička, Jiří (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
More than 100 years have passed since the original description of a "peculiar" disease of cerebral cortex by Dr. Alzheimer. Lots of discoveries on this disease and its cellular and molecular correlates has been done since then, the disease, however, up to this day resists most of the causal attempts of treatment. The major component of silver stained tangled bundles of fibrils that Alzheimer observed under his microscope has been identified as a microtubule associated protein tau and it has been shown to be a crucial part of many other neurodegenerative disorders, which were collectively named tauopathies. However, even after such a long time, the exact role of tau in neuronal physiology and pathology remains rather obscure. According to the latest research, it even seems that some of the widely accepted truths might require more closer observation and validation. The aim of this thesis is to sum up and clarify the important aspects of the mechanism of tau aggregation, the basic factors that influence it and its transcellular movement as a mechanism of pathology spreading. Keywords: aggregation, pathology spreading, tauopathy, Tau protein iii
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The Relation of Instrumental Form of the World and Labour
Kreisinger, Jonáš ; Růžička, Jiří (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
This paper deals with how the instrumental form of the world is conditioned by the specific form of labor in capitalism. The discussion of a historian and a philosopher Moishe Postone and a Frankfurt School representative Max Horkheimer was used for this analysis. Postone criticizes Horkheimer because of his use of a transhistorical concept of labor, which is unable to explain why the world in capitalism (modernity) is being rapidly instrumentalized. However, Horkheimer's analysis is able to explain the reason why the instrumental form of the world is changing in course of capitalism, which is a perspective Postone's theory lacks. The paper shows that labor in capitalism is a source of instrumental form of the world. However instrumentalisation itself is more of the form of the world appearance. The appearance of the world is in a marxist philosophy conceptualized as an ideology, or in the case of Marx himself by the concept of commodity fetishism. The integration function of an ideology is in the conflict with disintegration function of instrumentalisation on this level of reality.
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Motivation and Stimulation of Volunteers in a Multidisciplinary Team
Dudová, Eva ; Vrzáček, Petr (advisor) ; Růžička, Jiří (referee)
This thesis focuses on the direction and coordination of volunteers in organisations with multidisciplinary teams working with homeless people, and the challenges faced by both these organisations and their volunteers. The results of the experimental section, which focuses on the motivation of volunteers and stimulation from the organisations, have their basis in practical research using semi-structured interviews with leading workers at the organisations, their volunteers, and volunteers from the Labre project, which represents an introductory characterisation of the problem in practice; one which the respondents then refer to in the interviews. Problem areas as identified by both the workers and the volunteers themselves include integration into the organisation, unsupervised activity, non-stimulating conditions, irregular contact, and apathy from the side of the target group. Systematic leadership by a volunteer coordinator is financially demanding for the organisations, and the workers attend to their volunteers in addition to other competences, making systematic leadership more difficult. A recommendation for workers in non-profit organisations working with volunteers is derived from the results of the empirical part. It is based on a careful consideration of the application of volunteer work,...
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IMPROVISATION OF WYNTON KELLY ON THE SOMEDAY MY PRINCE WILL COME ALBUM
Valenta, Ondřej ; KŘIŠŤAN, Vít (advisor) ; RŮŽIČKA, Jiří (referee)
The topic of the thesis is the improvisation and style of playing of Wynton Kelly, the American pianist coming from Jamaica, particulary on his Someday My Prince Will Come album from 1961.
The first part is theoretical and refers to his musical beginnings, his first solo and side-man projects. Besides refers closer to the recording of the Someday My Prince Will Come album. Also, the theoretical part slightly refers to the improvisation in general.
The heart of the thesis is the practical part though. It is the analysis of his playing skills based on melodic-harmonic-rhytmic part, his timing, phrasing, blues feel, melodic ornamentation, transcribed sheets with examples attached.
The main goal of this thesis is all the musicians to be inspired by one of the most gifted pianists, considering his swing and single-melody lines at least.
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The role of ageing in the changes of the brain extracellular matrix and extracellular space properties
Kamenická, Monika ; Vargová, Lýdia (advisor) ; Růžička, Jiří (referee)
The process of aging causes the major changes in nervous tissue such as changes in the size of brain, architecture of glial cells and extracellular matrix. The size of brain is on the decrease as consequence of aging and there is a change of molecules as well as morphology at all levels. Extracellular space (ECS) is interstitium important especially in communication between cells mediated by diffusion. The limit of diffusion in extracellular space is given by size of ECS, which is discribed by volume fraction and tortuosity, that reflect amount of diffusion barriers. The changes of ECS diffusion parameters during aging were measured by real-time iontophoretic method in four parts of brain (cortex - Cx, hippocampus - Hp, inferior colliculus - IC and corpus trapezoideum - TB). Further, we studied influence of deficiency of Bral2 link protein at differences of ECS diffusion parameters and importance of Bral2 protein at aging and regulation mechanisms of cytotoxic brain edema. Our results show, that aging leads to decreasing of ECS volume v Cx and Hp, but it was not observed in IC and TB, where the intact perineuronal nets act like protecting shield against the degenerative disease induced by aging. However, small differences in composition of perineuronal nets, deficiency of Bral2 link protein, may...
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The impact of opioids on the effect of cytostatic agents on the C6 and CCF-STTG1 astrocytoma cell lines
Honc, Ondřej ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Růžička, Jiří (referee)
Despite its numerous side effects, morphine and the opioids derived from this drug, belong among the only effective options for treatment of pain linked to oncological illness. The effect of opioids on the efficiency of cytostatics in vitro has been the subject of many papers but the results are often contradictory, which could be probably caused by the great variability of experimental models and approaches. Some recent studies indicate that the consequences of activation of opioid signaling in astrocytes display certain differences from other cell types. Glioblastoma multiforme, the tumor derived from astrocytes, belong among those with the worst prognosis, mostly for the frequent resistance to cytostatics. In this thesis we focused on the effect of morphine, methadone and DADLE on the efficiency of cytostatics of temozolomide, doxorubicin and vincristine on the cell lines C6 and CCF-STTG1 derived from glioblastomas. Also, we examined the effect of the above mentioned opioids on the level of oxidative cellular stress and using N-acetylcysteine, a ROS scavenger, we verified the role of oxidative stress in cellular systems activated by the effect of the mentioned opioids on the efficiency of cytostatics. We also assessed opioid receptors and the receptor TLR4 in the examined cell lines. The...
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