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Religious Sects in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s
Hemza, Tomáš ; Rákosník, Jakub (advisor) ; Pullmann, Michal (referee)
The thesis deals with religious sects in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s. Firstly, it describes new religious movements, which occurred in Czechoslovakia in the first half of the 20th century, especially Jehovah's Witnesses, Adventism, Mormonism and the others. The key theme of this thesis is the phenomenon of religious sects. It explores a procedure of the government, Communist party of Czechoslovakia and State Security. The thesis deals also with the conscientious objection in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s. In conclusion the thesis tries to describe the image of religious sects in newspapers. It draws from various primary sources (National Archives of the Czech Republic, Security Services Archive, Military History Archive) and from various historiographical and sociological literature.
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Jailers in Czechoslovakia 1945 - 1952 (selected stories and roles)
Nováková, Petra ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Bursík, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate transformation of the Czechoslovakia penitentiary system in the years of 1945-1952. Examples of the individual personal histories of the prison officers are utilized in this research. The influence of their work environment is analyzed. Social and political origin of these new prison officers, the issue of their education and motivation for their service entry into the Prison Guard Force is addressed. I am also investigating the behaviour differences of the prison guards considering their treatment of the individual prisoners. Finally, the individual penitentiary facilities are commented on as well. Key words: Communism, penitentiary system, prison officers
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Muse upon "Red Assimilation" of Jews in Czech Lands
Strobach, Vít ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Pullmann, Michal (referee)
The name of my thesis represents few problems, which influenced birth of the text and stand in its background. "Muse upon" is a kind of jink from us ing an ordinary title, that characterizes an analytic elaboration of some partial subject-matter. This text is rather a synthesis. On the other hand the synthesis presuppose the existence of some analytic studie s and that is a mission, which is waiting in the context of "red assimilation" of Jews in the Czech Lands for completion. And so I am not bolt for more, than "musing up on" . . I am interested in the relation of J ews In the Czech Land and socialistlcommunist movement. If I deviate from this subject some time - especially in the last chapter - it is in the intention of colouring the politic and strategy of communists, eventually of whole context, in which took place the dialog between J ews about nationa! and supranationa/ in the twenties and thirties of 20th centuly. This dialog is also the reason, why I focus on Czechoslovak Communist Party after the divorce of Social Democratic Party in the 1921. It was the communist platform that adopted more thoroughly the conception of supranationa!, which was crucial for socialistic inclination of Jews from nineties of 19.th century. I am conceming about the "Jewish question" in Czech socialists movement, but...
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Secularization in Italy in the post-war-era: literature in the social context
Olša, Michal ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Jiroušek, Bohumil (referee)
EN The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the process of secularization in the post-war era in Italy. The study is focused on lower social classes. The aim of my thesis is to show the complexity of the process such as secularization; on the one hand there are statistic numbers showing the trend of falling religiosity, on the other hand we know Italians as believers in God and Italy as a country with catholic symbols appearing openly in public. To understand this ambivalence, it is necessary to distinguish church, religion and faith. As a primary source for my thesis I have chosen novels of the neorealist writers. As neorealism tries to capture predominantly the social reality and the writers show greater capability of uncovering the motivation of historical figure than any other possible sources, selecting the works of the neorealist writers proves to be more than suitable. The main methodology chosen for my thesis is typification, through which I tried to define the social stereotypes. The thesis is composed of nine chapters. Chapters one to three describe the political, economic and social situation of post-war Italy and define the social segment on which the thesis is focused. Presented is a characterization of neorealism and the authors as well as the most important theories of secularization...
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Sculptural centre in Hořice v Podkrkonoší - the Czech artistic exhibition phenomenon of the beginning of 20th century
Cermanová, Jana ; Pullmann, Michal (referee) ; Štaif, Jiří (referee)
Na počátku 20. století disponovaly Hořice v Podkrkonoší českým monopolem jak v oblasti středního sochařského vzdělání, tak ve výstavnictví specializovaném na prezentaci sochy. Dlouhá kamenosochařská tradice regionu poskytla předpoklady pro vznik ve středoevropské oblasti jedinečného sochařského centra. Rozvíjením uměleckého zaměření Hořic usilovala místní inteligence o povýšení města na kulturní středisko kraje. Založení sbírky českých moderních sochařských děl v roce 1908 se stalo jedním z nejpříznačnějších produktů těchto snah. V rigorózní práci se věnuji okolnostem zrodu hořického sochařského střediska a umělecké galerie. Analyzuji činnost, akviziční politiku i uměleckou normu Galerie plastik v první čtvrtině 20. století a zabývám se také obecnějšími souvislostmi života uměleckých muzeí a galerií, do jejichž rámce hořickou instituci zasazuji.
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Propaganda and youth in Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren
Nezdařil, Petr ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Rákosník, Jakub (referee)
The thesis topic is Nazism propaganda targeted on youth in protectorate Moravia-Bohemia. Firstly it covers the analysis of national-socialistic ideology and its campaign methods with focus on refurbishment of propaganda vision and mission that were used by the organization Kuratorium for youth education in Bohemia and Moravia. The organization was supposed to educate "race-convenient" youth in nationalistic ideology. Its publicly available magazines "Zteč", "Správný kluk" and "Dívčí svět" were used as key sources. Second objective are propaganda adoption analysis by targeted youth generation and further word of mouth. Final observations were on differences between goals of propaganda towards youth and mature generation.
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Parish history in Ústí nad Orlicí and the Roman Catholic Church Czechoslovakia in years 1927-1963
Sklenář, Michal ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Šebek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Petráček, Tomáš (referee)
The dissertation shows one of the possible portraits of the history of the Roman Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia between the years 1927-1963. On the example of Václav Boštík (1897-1963), the dean in Ústí nad Orlicí between the years 1934-1942 and 1945-1961, the thesis focuses on continuities and discontinuities in the history of the local Roman Catholic parish. The presented analysis combines the socio-historical, microhistorical and biographical approach, by means of which it shows pastoral and other strategies of dean Václav Boštík - an ecclesiastical administrator and statutory representative - in various situations during the first two-thirds of the twentieth century. Local events are interconnected with the context of Czech ecclesiastical history at the statewide and diocesan level as well as with a broker context of Church history. Key words 20th century, the Roman Catholic Church, Czechoslowakia, communism, Ústí nad Orlicí, Václav Boštík (1897-1963)
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The poetics of the Czech nationalism and the policy of identity of the Czech Jews between nation, race and class (1876-1921)
Strobach, Vít ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Frankl, Michal (referee) ; Barša, Pavel (referee)
The thesis submitted by me deals with two interconnected problems. The first part of the text consists of an analysis of changes of the Czech nationalistic discourse, with an emphasis on periods of political crises in the years 1897 - 1899 and 1918 - 1920. I attempt, primarily, to picture the importance of racial analysis - a transcription of nationalistic discourses into biological terms on the background of the struggle for recognition of those public spheres which tried, at the end of the 19th century, to enter the political space defined as the Czech national society. Racial analysis became, within the discourse, one of the strategies of this struggle for recognition and means of expression of opposition against the liberal conception of equality and the state that represented such a liberal order (i.e. the Austro-Hungarian monarchy). Following the First World War, the function of racial analysis changed: this time, racial war discourses helped to preserve the integrity of the national state and the notion of a common national interest. In the second part, which is more analytical and extensive, I try to explain how the modern policy of the Jewish identity formed itself in the given political space. First, I outline the form and development of languages of political identity integrating liberal and...
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Bohemian poor law in years 1918-1938 and its historical roots
Pátra, Milan ; Rákosník, Jakub (advisor) ; Pullmann, Michal (referee)
The transformation of the poor law into modern social assistance, that represents one of the free pillars of the contemporary welfare state, has been a very long process. Until the Age of Enlightenment the Church played an expressive role in this respect. Afterwards it came from the state, which created rules of law to insure the considerable part of the population against illness, injury and old age by means of social insurance. Despite all this, there survived the specific group of people that was distinct from the existing system. Hence came the field of activity for municipalities and associations that were in charge of this business. This thesis focuses on development and activity of these organisations. It takes Prague as a model on the municipal scale and the former district of Brandýs nad Labem on the scale of associations' activity.
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