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The in vitro effects of selected substances on isolated rat aorta
Beránková, Anna ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Anna Beránková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The in vitro effects of selected substances on isolated rat aorta Flavonoids are a numerous group of secondary plant metabolites. Flavonoid compounds are substances widely extended in nature and many of them have a positive influence on human health, primarily for their vasodilatory, antioxidant and anti- inflammatory effects. Three substances were selected for this diploma theses: two substances of isoflavonoid group, genistin and genistein, and the end product of genistein metabolism, 4-ethylphenol. The aim of this work is examination of vasorelaxant effects of this substances in vitro. Vasorelaxing potential of tested substances was tested in vitro in isolated aortic rings of Wistar rat. The effect of increasing doses of individual substances in precontracted aortic rings with intact endothelium was measured. From the obtained values of vessel tension, the DRC curves and EC50 values were created. The results were evaluated. The results analysis shows, that genistein (EC50 2,903.10-5 M) had the most significant activity. Also genistin (EC50 4,045.10-4 M) and high doses of 4-ethylphenol (EC50 1,509.10-3 M) caused...
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Vasodilatory effects of bisphenol AF ex vivo
Kuchařová, Nela ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Nela Kuchařová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Vasodilatory effects of bisphenol AF ex vivo Bisphenols are organic compounds used in the manufacture of plastics, resins, varnishes and lot of other products. However, their effects on human body are associated with a number of adverse effect that need to be investigated in more detail. The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine whether bisphenol AF has vasodilating effects ex vivo and to verify the mechanism of the relaxing effect. The experiments were performed on an isolated thoracic aorta of a Wistar rat. Bisphenol AF was added cumulatively to the precontracted aorta at increasing concentrations and we monitored whether vasodilation was induced. In testing the mechanism of action, we used inhibitors of the mechanisms tested during the experiment. The obtained results were evaluated using the GraphPad Prism program. The results show that bisphenol AF has a dose-dependent ex vivo vasodilatory effect (EC50 = 57.16 μmol/l). The mechanism of this effect is the blockage of voltagegated calcium channels on the vascular smooth muscle cell. The participation of other tested mechanisms has not been confirmed. Key...
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Food interactions of antibiotics
Nováková, Veronika ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Carazo Fernández, Alejandro (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Veronika Nováková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Food interactions of antibiotics Diploma thesis deals with clinically significant interactions between antibiotics and food. It defines basic concepts such as antibiotics, food, drug interactions and also drug-food interactions. The main part of the work deals with the characteristics of individual groups of antibiotics, describes their mechanism of action, including the antimicrobial spectrum, the main side effects and deals with the already mentioned interactions with food and beverages. St. John's wort, grapefruit, alcohol, or polyvalent ions in particular play an important role in these interactions, which can have a significant effect on the course of antibiotic therapy. The next part of this work deals with the effect of probiotics on the natural intestinal microflora, which is disrupted by antibiotics. The last part of the thesis deals with the issue of antibiotic resistance and the principles of correct and appropriate use of antibiotics, which have an impact not only on minimizing the emergence and development of bacterial resistance, but also help to prevent interactions, including drug-food...
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Study of vasodilatory effects of selected silymarin flavonolignans ex vivo on isolated rats aorta
Šimánková, Lenka ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Mgr. Lenka Šimánková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of rigorous thesis: Study of vasodilatory effect of selected silymarin's flavonolignans ex vivo on isolated rat's aorta. Flavonolignans are a group of compounds which include the complex substance of silymarin, which is found and obtained from a plant named Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum). Several studies show its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Its main effect for which it is used in medicine is hepatoprotective activity. The aim of this work is to find out whether selected flavonolignans of silymarin complex vasoor their sulfated metabolites may have vasorelaxant effects. Five selected substances (2,3 dehydrosilybin, silychristin and their sulfated conjugates 2,3-dehydrosilybin-20-O-sulphate, 2,3-dehydrosilybin- 7,20-O-disulphate a silychristin-19-O- sulphate) were tested ex vivo on the Wistar rat aorta. Both tested flavonolignans had vasorelaxant effects comparable to those of the respective monosulfates. In contrast, 2,3- dehydrosilybin disulfate was completely ineffective.
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The ex vivo study of mechanism of vasodilatation effect of 3,4,-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-methylcatechol
Hodinová, Veronika ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Carazo Fernández, Alejandro (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Mgr. Veronika Hodinová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of rigorous thesis: The ex vivo study of mechanism of vasodilatation effect of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-methylcatechol The aim of this thesis was to prove some mechanisms of vasorelaxation effects caused by two colonic metabolites of flavonoids, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 4-methylcatechol, by the ex vivo method of isolated rat's aorta. We confirmed the vasorelaxation effects in both of the metabolites. We found out the mechanisms of vasorelaxation effect by experiments with the inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and also by experiments with inhibitors of calcium-activated potassium channels. We found out that the cyclooxygenase as well as some subtypes of calcium-activated potassium channels have both participated in the vasodilatation effect of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. We were not able to confirm the mechanism of vasodilatation effect of 4-methylcatechol, the results were ambiguous. The participation of the inhibition of cyclooxygenase is unlikely.
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Mechanism of the vasorelaxant effect of biochanin A studied ex vivovon isolated rat aorta
Katiová, Diana ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Trejtnar, František (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxikology Consultant: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Consultant specialist: Mgr. Thomas Migkos Student: Diana Katiová Title of Thesis: Mechanism of the vasorelaxant effect of biochanin A studied ex vivo on isolated rat aorta Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolities which are known for thein wide range of effects. Many of them have beneficial effects on the human organism. Thay have anti-inflammatory properties, antioxidant activity and positive effect on cardiovascular system. The main aim of this thesis was to determine possible vasorelaxant mechanisms of action of selected isoflavonoid biochanin A. The vasorelaxation potential was verified in ex vivo conditions on isolated rat aortic rings. The results has confirmed dose-dependent induced vasodilatation. Our experiments confirm that the vasodilatatory effect of biochanin A is independent on the function of endotel. Beside that the experimental part of this thesis is dealing with the effect of this substance on Ca2+ channels of L-type in the plasma membrane and whether vasorelaxant effect is dependent on extracelullar Ca2+ . Our results confirm that similarly as nifedipine biochanin A blocks these channels as well. Moreover biochanin A in the medium without...
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The ex vivo effects of selected silymarin flavonolygnans on isolated rat aorta
Sloukgi, Tatiana ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Tatiana Sloukgi Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: The effect of Silymarin Flavonolignans and their sulfated conjugates on blood vessels ex vivo. Silymarin flavonolignans have recently shown some positive effects on the cardiovascular system. In this work, we studied the vasodilatory effect on rat aorta ex vivo of three silymarin conjugates, silybin A-20-sulfate, silybin B-20-sulfate and 2,3- dehydrosilychristin-19-O-sulfate, and one parent flavonolignan 2,3- dehydrosilychristin. For each substance, a concentration response curve was created and the concentration that produces 50% of maximum relaxation was determined (EC50). All substances exerted very low or no vasodilatory activity. Finally, we focused on the mechanism of action of silybin A. We tested whether its vasorelaxant activity depends on the presence of intact endothelium. The vasorelaxant effect of silybin A on isolated rat aorta ex vivo was clearly endothelium-dependent.
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Cardiovascular effects of silymarin
Ryzová, Leona ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Leona Ryzová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Cardiovascular effects of silymarin Aim: The aim of the diploma thesis is to summarize the existing knowledge about the mixture of natural plant substances collectively referred to as silymarin and to map the results of the latest studies focusing on the cardiovascular effects of silymarin. Main findings: Available data suggest that silymarin has positive effects on the human body, including hepatoprotective, choleretic and cholagogic, neuroprotective, anticancer and antiviral, anti-inflammatory and positive effects on diabetes mellitus. Positive effects on the cardiovascular system include protective effects on the vascular endothelium, antioxidant effects, beneficial effects on blood lipids, regulation of blood aggregation and antidiabetic effects. Although the conclusions from cardiovascular studies are not always the same, most confirm the positive effect of silymarin on the cardiovascular system. A necessary part of future research will be the search for new dosage forms in order to increase the bioavailability of silymarin, which so far limits its clinical application. Conclusion: Silymarin is a mixture of...
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The in vitro effects of selected fenolic substances on isolated rat vessels
Rajtmajerová, Iveta ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Hrdina, Radomír (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Iveta Rajtmajerová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The in vitro effects of selected fenolic substances on isolated rat vessels Silymarin flavonolignans are endowed with various aspects. Recently their hepatoprotective effect has been discussed widely as well as their positive influence on the cardiovascular system. This diploma thesis is concerned with the vasodilatory effects of silybin-A, silybin-B, silybin-A + B and isosilybin-A on rat aorta. The aim of this study was to test the vasodilatory effect of selected substances. The dependence of aortic relaxation on the increasing concentration of tested substances was measured. Isolated Wistar breed rat aorta was used. DRC curves were created and EC50 values were assessed from the obtained values of vessel tension. The results were evaluated subsequently. The vasodilator potential of silybin-A and isosilybin-A is comparable; hence the position of the substituents may be irrelevant in having any impact on relaxation of the vessels. Different vasodilatory effects of silybin-A and silybin-B have been observed thus, the relaxation could be stereoselective. The testing of the equimolar mixture of silybin-A and...
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Administration of cytostatic drugs and extravasation
Rohová, Marie ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové Department of pharmacology and toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Marie Rohová Consultant: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of Thesis: Administration of cytostatic drugs and extravasation Key words: extravasation of cytostatics, vesicants, irritants, specific measures This thesis deals with the issue of extravasation in intravenous administration of cytostatics in oncologic patients, as one of the most feared complication of cytostatic therapy, which may has a serious irreversible consequences for patients. Extravasation describes the unintended leakage of drug from vessel into surrounding tissues or the unintended instillation of drug directly into the perivascular tissues. The severity of tissue injuries depends on several factors, including the volume and concentration of the cytotoxic agent, the localization of extravasation, the sensitivity of the tissue and the vesicant potential of the cytotoxic agent. In order to avoid extravasation, the principles of safe drug use must be followed, and if extravasation occurs, the recommendations for the drug should be known and followed. This is the only way to prevent serious damage to the patient, or significantly reduce the consequences. The experimental...
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