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Biological therapy of pathological disorders
Libichová, Iva ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Title of diploma thesis: Biological therapy of pathological disorders Author: Iva Libichová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršálová, CSc. Email of supervisor: Marie.Voprsalova@faf.cuni.cz Abstract The aim of this thesis is to give a comprehensive overview of current options of biological therapy. Since this course of study is relatively new, biologics are described from common point of view including their manufacture. The major part is dedicated to individual categories of biologics. How biologics are obtained, what is the mechanism of action and use of certain biologics in treating diseases. Pathogenesis of diseases, in which biological therapy is currently used and an overview of the therapy of these diseases using biological therapy is described in the last section. I also mention some of the adverse effects of these biologics which have very frequent or frequent occurrence of adverse effects or of these which have a lot of adverse effects.
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Pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus followed up in diabetes clinic
Bradová, Hana ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Hrdina, Radomír (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Mgr. Hana Bradová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of rigorous thesis: Pharmacotherapy of diabetes mellitus followed up in diabetes clinic This rigorous thesis describes current approach to therapy of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adult patients. The theoretical part includes subchapters related to evaluation of diabetes mellitus compensation, non-pharmacological measures and especially pharmacological treatment of this disease. Additionally it sums up key information about drugs available on the Czech market (metformin, pioglitazone, sulfonylurea derivatives, repaglinide, acarbose, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs, gliflozines, insulins and insulin analogs) and recommended therapy. Furthermore separate subchapter is dedicated to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with an insulin pump. The experimental part introduces therapy of the disease on sample of 100 patients (50 type 1 diabetic patients and 50 type 2 diabetic patients) in a selected diabetes clinic. In addition to the pharmacological treatment and its results, selected patient data (for example age at which a diagnosis was made, duration of the illness, some comorbidities...
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The in vitro effects of selected fenolic substances on isolated rat vessels
Rajtmajerová, Iveta ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Hrdina, Radomír (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Iveta Rajtmajerová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The in vitro effects of selected fenolic substances on isolated rat vessels Silymarin flavonolignans are endowed with various aspects. Recently their hepatoprotective effect has been discussed widely as well as their positive influence on the cardiovascular system. This diploma thesis is concerned with the vasodilatory effects of silybin-A, silybin-B, silybin-A + B and isosilybin-A on rat aorta. The aim of this study was to test the vasodilatory effect of selected substances. The dependence of aortic relaxation on the increasing concentration of tested substances was measured. Isolated Wistar breed rat aorta was used. DRC curves were created and EC50 values were assessed from the obtained values of vessel tension. The results were evaluated subsequently. The vasodilator potential of silybin-A and isosilybin-A is comparable; hence the position of the substituents may be irrelevant in having any impact on relaxation of the vessels. Different vasodilatory effects of silybin-A and silybin-B have been observed thus, the relaxation could be stereoselective. The testing of the equimolar mixture of silybin-A and...
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Treatment of asthma bronchiale
Čudová, Martina ; Tilšer, Ivan (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Topic: Therapy of asthma bronchiale Author: Martina Čudová Bronchial asthma is a lifetime chronical inflammatory disease of the airways. Chronical inflammation is linked to bronchial hyperreaktivity and both lead to reversible and variable obstruction of airways. The prevalence of this disease has been increasing in recent years, mainly in children and teenagers, where asthma becomes the most frequent disorder. Asthma isn't curable, but thanks to opportune diagnosis and correctly configured treatment, the patient can be absolutely without difficulties. Conversely, untreated asthma leads to irreversible functional environments, which deteriorate the patient's performance and his quality of life. An important part of the treatment is preventive proceding, its goal is the avoidance of the patient's contact with triggers. Pharmacotherapy is devided into treatment of exacerbation, when alleviation drugs are used, primarily inhalational rapid acting β2-agonists and long-term anti-inflammatory therapy, there are drugs of choice inhalational kortikosteroids. The latest substances include the antileukotriens and monoclonal antibody against IgE (omalizumab).
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Current therapeutic options for the treatment of cystic fibrosis in children
Čapková, Lucie ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Lucie Čapková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D Title of diploma thesis: Current therapeutic options for the treatment of cystic fibrosis in children The aim of this thesis was to summarize current therapeutic options used for cystic fibrosis therapy in children. In the introduction, the pathogenesis of the disease, and methods of diagnosis are provided. The main part of the thesis is focused on the pharmacological possibilities of treatment including complications. In the concluding part, new options of causal therapy (currently in phase III clinical trials) are mentioned.
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Optimization of allergic asthma model in rats
Radová, Hana ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Mgr. Hana Radová ABSTRACT (thesis towards the PharmDr. degree) Optimization of allergic asthma model in laboratory rat The aim of this thesis was the optimization of allergic asthma model in laboratory rats as experimental animals. More specifically, based on the determination/quantification of the number of cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages and lymphocytes) in bronchoalveolar lavage of Wistar rats, we attempted to determine the optimal time interval (1 hour or 24 hours) needed for the manifestation of an adequate allergic reaction after antigen challenge. Subsequently, we compared Wistar rats with Brown Norway rats over this time interval, and more parameters in Brown Norway rats were examined, specifically the level of eosinophil peroxidase and proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. We evaluated the induction of the tested model in comparison with non-allergic animals. In conclusion, (1) the time interval of 24 hours after the antigen challenge is more appropriate for the assessment of the selected model of allergic asthma; the time of one hour was not sufficient for the development of the allergic reaction. (2) Considering all evaluated parameters, Brown Norway rats are more suitable...
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Acne Therapy: Comparison of Treatment and Patients' Experience
Picková, Jana ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Jana Picková Consultant: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Acne therapy: comparison of treatment and patients' experience This thesis deals with the clinical aspects of the therapy of acne. In theoretical part, basic facts about acne together with current pharmacological options of its treatment have been summarised. The non-pharmacological methods have been covered as well. In experimental work, data (the occurrence of acne in the population in relation to sex, environment, season and the therapy used) obtained from patients' health cards, and information obtained from the patients through a questionnaire have been evaluated and compared.
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Oxidative stress and its role in respiratory diseases
Zakouřilová, Jana ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Melicharová, Ludmila (referee)
Free radicals are essential part of common physiological metabolic processes in the organism. They are involved in the protection of the organism from heterogeneous elements, participate in many chemical reactions, serve as substrates for a numer of enzymes, have a signal function, mediate vasodilatation and also participate in reproduction. However all these functions must be under continous and strict control of antioxidant mechanisms because free radicals are also highly reactive substances. Failure of antioxidant control mechanisms can give rise to or at least contribute to serious damage of genetic information, molecules, tissues or regulatory mechanisms. The purpose of antioxidant protection of the organism is to counteract the negative effect of free radicals, even during and ongoing disease. The system is extremely complex, its individual components cooperate and sometime are in synergy with one another. The overproduction of free radicals can participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases of the respiratory system (for example: COPD, asthma bronchiale, ARDS, lung cancer). In the treatment of the diseases with suspected overproduction of free radicals, antioxidants may also be administered during therapy. To achieve good results, exact assessement of the actual condition of the organism...
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Administration of cytostatic drugs and extravasation
Rohová, Marie ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové Department of pharmacology and toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Marie Rohová Consultant: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of Thesis: Administration of cytostatic drugs and extravasation Key words: extravasation of cytostatics, vesicants, irritants, specific measures This thesis deals with the issue of extravasation in intravenous administration of cytostatics in oncologic patients, as one of the most feared complication of cytostatic therapy, which may has a serious irreversible consequences for patients. Extravasation describes the unintended leakage of drug from vessel into surrounding tissues or the unintended instillation of drug directly into the perivascular tissues. The severity of tissue injuries depends on several factors, including the volume and concentration of the cytotoxic agent, the localization of extravasation, the sensitivity of the tissue and the vesicant potential of the cytotoxic agent. In order to avoid extravasation, the principles of safe drug use must be followed, and if extravasation occurs, the recommendations for the drug should be known and followed. This is the only way to prevent serious damage to the patient, or significantly reduce the consequences. The experimental...
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