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The Transformation of Reality by Text
Hankiewicz, Jakub ; Pokorný, Martin (advisor) ; Hrdlička, Josef (referee)
This thesis presents transformation as the key principle of production, as well as reception of a literary text. As far as production is concerned, the thesis takes off from the passing nature of any moment, any element of reality, and it perceives a literary text as a way to save and conserve that element. It is obvious that should the given element of the physical reality - perishable in its true character - survive in a text, it needs to undergo a change, a transformation: what needs to change in order for it to survive? By analyzing authors who discuss this nature of the text in their works, the thesis comes to understanding the production of a text as a discovery of such an environment within the text, which would allow the element of reality to be conserved. As far as reception is concerned, the thesis studies the influence a literary text has on our experience of reality. The problem is not only tackled as a perception of the world via a certain literary work, which was for example the case with the literary characters of Don Quixote or Madame Bovary, but the thesis tries to describe the deep transformation of our perception of reality caused by a poetic outlook on elements of the real world.
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Schopenhauer's Concept of Music
Bakovský, Pavel ; Pokorný, Martin (advisor) ; Kolman, Vojtěch (referee)
(in English): The topic of this work is aesthetics and metaphysics of art in writings of Arthur Schopenhauer with emphasis on his concept of music. Its main goal is to present Schopenhauer's aesthetics in broader context of his philosophy and to provide an account of whether his theory is a plausible explanation of art. Important topics include discussion of relationship between art and nature and analysis of Schopenhauer's approach to a concept of (platonic) Idea. This work tries to put forward an interpretation of Ideas based on their role in the order of nature, while sounding doubts about their function in art. It concludes, that while music according to Schopenhauer's account might provide us some important metaphysical insight, it is doubtful whether other arts provide us the kind of knowledge ascribed to them by Schopenhauer.
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From Linguistic Aberration to the Subversion of Power: Literary Code-switching and Code-mixing as Tools for Upsetting the Language of Power and Expressing Expatriation
Zelenková, Alena ; Jirsa, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pokorný, Martin (referee)
This thesis explores literary code-switching, i.e. multilingual aspects within a single speech, as a key polyphonic structural element in the selected works. First, it analyzes Gloria Anzaldúa's Borderlands: The New Mestiza = La Frontera (1987) as a work, where the author seeks to establish a literary tradition that would reflect the life in borderlands and the given community through a new language. Secondly, the language of photography and multilingual speech patterns in W. G. Sebald's The Emigrants (1992) are considered as vital elements of the authenticity play. The following chapter deals with Franz Kafka's short stories, where gestures form an essential part of, if not the whole stories, and determine the fragmentary nature of such writing. Finally, the importance of language of power, the discourse of social realism altogether with their emergence into private and intimate discussions through repetitions and variations is commented upon in Václav Havel's play The Garden Party (1963).
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Written Voice: Whitman's Leaves of Grass (1855) and Miller's Tropic of Cancer
Skovajsa, Ondřej ; Vojvodík, Josef (advisor) ; Bílek, Petr (referee) ; Pokorný, Martin (referee)
The PhD. dissertation Written Voice examines how Walt Whitman and Henry Miller through books, confined textual products of modernity, strive to awaken the reader to a more perceptive and courageous life, provided that the reader is willing to suspend hermeneutics of suspicion and approach Leaves of Grass and Tropic of Cancer with hermeneutics of hunger. This is examined from linguistic, anthropological and theological vantage point of oral theory (M. Jousse, M. Parry, A. Lord, W. Ong, E. Havelock, J. Assmann, D. Abram, C. Geertz, T. Pettitt, J. Nohrnberg, D. Sölle, etc.). This work thus compares Leaves (1855) and Tropic of Cancer examining their paratextual, stylistic features, their genesis, the phenomenology of their I's, their ethos and story across the compositions. By "voluntary" usage of means of oral mnemonics such as parallelism/bilateralism (Jousse) - along with present tense, imitatio Christi and pedagogical usage of obscenity - both authors in their compositions attack the textual modern discourse, the posteriority, nostalgia and confinement of literature, restore the body, and aim for futurality of biblical kinetics. It is the reader's task, then, to hermeneutically resurrect the dead printed words of the compositions into their own "flesh" and action. The third part of the thesis...
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Language and Institiution
Kučerová, Barbora ; Pokorný, Martin (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
(in English): The aim of this thesis is to clarify the normative character of language, that is, how we are bound by a certain set of rules in every speech. We will look into this normative character of language by articulating two essential questions: in what is this normativity grounded and which aspects constitute language as an institution. In the first part of the paper we interpret the work of three authors, Ferdinand de Saussure, Charles S. Peirce and Pierre Bourdieu, in order to answer the question on what the normative character of language is founded. In this part we mainly look into the relationship between language and social consensus, habit/acting and institutions. In the second part of the paper we give a definition of language institution which is inspired by the work of Peirce and Bourdieu. Further on we clarify in systematic way those aspects of language which can be considered as normative. Firstly, we point out those which are clearly part of language, such as lexicon, pronunciation and intonation, official language and institution symbolized by language. The last aspects that we will analyse are speech genres, belief, habit/acting and power.
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Fictional languages in literature
Jelínek, Jiří ; Hrdlička, Josef (advisor) ; Pokorný, Martin (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to introduce the so far ignored topic of fictional languages in literature. In the first part it focuses mainly on the function of the fictional languages in the literary works, and analyses the basic options of the fictional languages classification, based on whether they can be labeled as an independent work of art, as an autonomous part of a work, or as an instrument of the aesthetic function in the work. Furthermore, it divides the fictional languages in accordance to the way in which they take effect, either through the expression-form, through the expression- substance, through the content-form, or through the content-substance, taking the terminology from the Louis Hjelmslev's sign model. The second part consists of the analysis of the cases of fictional language usage in prose; these usages are grouped into three divisions. Languages, which help to create an invented world (and eventually add up to its authenticity), are represented by J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional languages. The dystopian languages include Newspeak from the novel Nineteen Eighty Four by George Orwell, ptydepe and chorukor from the play The Memorandum by V. Havel, and "Moon Czech" from the prose The True Excursion of Mr. Brouček to the Moon by S. Čech. Fictional languages related to philosophy are...
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Laser spectroscopy of semiconductor quantum dots
Pokorný, Martin
This work is focused on examining photoluminescent properties of InAs quantum dots (QDs) on GaAs substrate covered by GaAs1-xSbx strain reducing capping layer (SRL) prepared by Stranski-Krastanow method. We measured luminescence decay time of two samples with different concentration of Sb in this layer. We investigated the influence of temperature, intensity and wavelength of the excitation pulse on the luminescent decay time. We also compared the properties of the samples after excitation by 760 nm pulse and 850 nm pulse - the former one is energetically above the substrate band gap; in the second case we excited only the QDs and the wetting layer (WL). We consequently derived recombination and relaxation processes occurring inside InAs QDs and also the transport of charge carriers from the substrate and the WL into QDs. One part of this diploma thesis was to learn about the methods of measuring ultrafast photoluminescence and build the experimental set-up.
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Interpretative Semantics as a Contribution to Reception of a Literary Text
Koblížek, Tomáš ; Pokorný, Martin (advisor) ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (referee) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis deals with the project of interpretative semantics as it has been developed by the French linguist François Rastier. The aim of the thesis is twofold: Firstly, to introduce and to further elaborate on the principles of this theory. Secondly, to point out possible benefits of Rastier's project for interpretation and analysis of literary texts. The key issue which characterizes the Rastier's semantics and which also represents the main axis of the present thesis can be put forward as follows. On one hand, the interpretative semantics grasps the text as a linguistic object which is open to various formal arrangements and to various articulations of semantic units. On the other hand, each text in its linguistic and non-linguistic context receives a particular shape and particular meaning. This general issue is discussed in detail in four mutually bound chapters where it is also applied on literary texts: (1) The first chapter deals with the notion of isotopy as the main textual principle. From the perspective of this concept a text cannot be grasped as a "big sentence" with an apriori determined syntax. Textuality rather resides in relationships between iterated (isotopic) elements which can be detected in the particular text on different linguistic levels (morphemes, lexies, sentences)....
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The adoption of Christianity by the Goths
Pokorný, Martin ; Veverková, Kamila (advisor) ; Lášek, Jan Blahoslav (referee)
UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE HUSITSKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA BAKALÁŘSKÁ PRÁCE PRAHA, 2014 MARTIN POKORNÝ UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE HUSITSKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA Bakalářská práce PŘIJETÍ KŘESŤANSTVÍ U GÓTŮ THE ADOPTION OF CHRISTIANITY BY THE GOTHS Vedoucí práce: Autor práce: ThDr. Kamila Veverková, ThD. Martin Pokorný Poděkování Děkuji paní ThDr. Kamile Veverkové, ThD. za laskavou pomoc, cenné rady a komentář při tvorbě bakalářské práce. Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci /Přijetí křesťanství u Gótů" zpracoval samostatně a výhradně s použitím citovaných pramenů, literatury a dalších odborných zdrojů.. Současně dávám svolení k tomu, aby má bakalářská práce byla umístěna v Ústřední knihovně UK a používána ke studijním účelům. V Praze dne 10. 6. 2014 Martin Pokorný ANOTACE Tato bakalářská práce pojednává o Gótech - germánském kmeni, který v průběhu sedmi století sehrál významnou roli v evropských dějinách. Práce je zpracována do dvou oblastí - historické a teologické. Historická část popisuje původ gótského národa, jejich vzájemný válečný vztah s římským impériem a nevyhnutelné rozdělení na Vizigótskou a Ostrogótskou říši. Teologická část líčí odklon Gótů od pohanství, následnou christianizaci národa včele s biskupem Wulfilou a přijetí křesťanství v ariánské podobě, jak Vizigóty, tak i Ostrogóty. KLÍČOVÁ...
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The Poetics of Space in The Alexandria Quartet.
Malý, Lukáš ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Pokorný, Martin (referee)
Poetics of space in The Alexandria Quartet is created by multilevel structures. This poetics is closely connected to the main space of the story - Alexandria, which is at the same time one of the novel's topics. Each level is suggested in connection to various theoretical conceptions which are subsequently used for my own analysis. Alexandria is initially an aesthetic coulisse of the story which is portrayed by descriptive passages. Strongly subjective and lyrical descriptions of the city establish overall impression of the story and potentially support reader's experiential illusion. Alexandria and its specificity is further modulated and thematised by its special macroscopic conditions which border Alexandria as an autonomous fictional space with its own rules within the novel's fictional world. Part of poetics of the space in this novel is also portraying spatio-temporal aspect of the reality (chronotope) no only on the level of the story, but also on the level of storytelling. Alexandria is further explicit rhetoric and also through semantic indexation personified and enters semantic relations with the main characters and events. Each level is complementary to another and all are part of the semantic gesture of the novel. Alexandria becomes a separate symbol, mythical entity which importance is...
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