National Repository of Grey Literature 82 records found  beginprevious44 - 53nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.01 seconds. 
Coagulation of non-protein algal organic matter
Lukeš, Jan ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Novotná, Kateřina (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with characterizing properties of non-proteinaceous cellular organic matter (COM) of green alga Chlorella vulgaris in connection with its coagulation using aluminium sulphate and polyaluminiumchloride. As a part of this work, interaction mechanisms were also studied. It has been found out that non-proteinaceous COM of Chlorella vulgaris is made up by saccharides (25 % DOCNP, 21 % of dry biomass of non- protein matter) and other unspecified non-protein substances. It has been found out by fractionation of molecular weights that non-protein COM is formed primarily by substances with MW < 3 kDa and substances with MW > 100 kDa. Coagulation by aluminium sulphate taken place in interval pH 5 - 8,5 and coagulation by polyaluminiumchlorid taken place in interval pH 7 - 10 depending on coagulation agent dose. The maximum DOC removals were 17 - 22 % depending on selected coagulation agent, on its dose and pH. Polyaluminiumchloride showed higher DOC removal rates than aluminium sulphate. The highest effectiveness of coagulation was in the area of neutral pH for both agents. In all the coagulation tests the values of residual concentrations of aluminium were higher than the hygienic limit for drinking water (0.2 mg.L-1 ). Primarily high-molecular matter was removed by coagulation and...
The influence of algal organic matter on the character of aggregates formed during the coagulation/flocculation process in drinking water treatment
Filipenská, Monika ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Janda, Václav (referee)
Tato práce se zabývá studiem vlivu kaolinitových ástic (reprezentujících látky tvo ící zákal vody) a peptidové/proteinové složky COM (Cellular Organic Matter) produkovaných sinicí Microcystis aeruginosa na velikost, strukturu a tvar tvo ených agregát v prom nných hydrodynamických podmínkách (gradientu rychlosti) p i úprav vody. Agregace probíhala v Taylor-Couettov reaktoru. Koagulace vybraných typ zne iš ujících p ím sí (kaolinitové ástice, COM peptidy/proteiny a jejich sm s) probíhala pomocí síranu hlinitého a síranu železitého. Vzniklé agregáty byly hodnoceny ve fázi homogenní velikosti (steady state) po 60 min míchání pomocí ukazatel : velikost (polom r) agregát , fraktální dimenze D2 a Dpf a velikostní distribuce. Bylo zjišt no, že velikost agregát je závislá na typu koagula ního inidla, typu koagulované p ím si a aplikovaném gradientu rychlosti. S rostoucím gradientem rychlosti se velikost agregát zmenšuje. Železité koagula ní inidlo produkuje v tší agregáty než hlinité koagula ní inidlo. Podle p ím si roste velikost agregát v po adí kaolinit < COM < kaolinit + COM. Struktura agregát se stává kompaktn jší s gradientem rychlosti. P i použití hlinitého koagula ního inidla vznikají ve srovnání s inidlem železitým kompaktn jší agregáty (mají vyšší hodnotu D2). Kompaktnost agregát klesá v po adí...
Characterization of extracellular and intracellular organic matter produced by phytoplankton in relation to water treatment
Zezulová, Tereza ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Janda, Václav (referee)
This study investigated characteristics of algal organic matter (AOM) derived from four species (cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Merismopedia tenuissima, diatom Fragilaria crotonensis and green alga Chlamydomonas geitleri) dominating phytoplanktonic populations in the reservoirs supplying drinking water treatment plants - the water reservoirs Švihov (the Želivka water treatment plant) and Josefův Důl (the Jizerské Mountains), Czech Republic. The four mentioned microorganisms were cultivated under laboratory conditions and the algal growth was quantified by a number of cells, chrorophyll-a and optical density. Production of AOM was evaluated by dissolved organic carbon concentration measurements, by specific UV absorbance, the amount of peptide/protein and non-peptide (carbohydrate) contents, water affinity and molecular weight (MW). AOM of all considered microorganisms are formed predominantly by hydrophilic substances with low values of specific UV absorbance (< 2 L/(m.mg)). Considerable portions of both types of AOM, i.e. extracellular and cellular organic matters are represented by substances with MW < 1 kDa or with MW > 100 kDa. However, the total amount and composition of AOM significantly depend on algal species and their growth. The obtained results imply that the knowledge of AOM...
Biodegradation of selected psychopharmaceuticals in underground water using Pleurotus ostreatus
Krejčová, Lucie ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pivokonský, Martin (referee)
The ability of the ligninolytic fungus Pleurotus ostreatusto degrade 4 pharmaceutical drugs and 5 compounds which are either used during drug manufacturing or are created as by-products was studied. These compounds were detected in groundwater near a drug manufacturing plant. The maximum concentration levels of the selected compounds in tested groundwater samples variedfrom0.23 µg/lto 227.87 µg/l apart from 1 compound which was not detected in any sample. The degradation efficiency of P. ostreatus was examined with individual compounds as well as with the mixture of all 9 compounds. When degrading individual compounds P. ostreatus lowered the initial concentration (10 mg/l) of 5 compounds by 62-100% after 14-day cultivation in malt extract-glucose medium. When degrading the compound mixture P. ostreatus lowered the initial concentration (2 mg/l of each compound) of 5 compounds by 50-100% after 14-day cultivation in malt extract-glucose medium. Acute toxicity tests with Vibrio fischeri suggest the formation of metabolites which are more toxic than the original compounds. The EC50 value for individual compounds during toxicity tests with Vibrio fischeri was 5.45-131.98 mg/l. Keywords:biodegradation, pharmaceuticals, ligninolytic fungi, Pleurotus ostreatus, groundwater, toxicity, Vibrio fischeri
Application of Specific UV Absorbance (SUVA) for natural organic matter characterization
Vítková, Tereza ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Barešová, Magdalena (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the characterization of parameter of specific UV absorbance SUVA, which has currently been used during water treatment to estimate the reactivity of natural organic matter (NOM) to form byproducts of water disinfection. First, it was used to assess the potential formation of trihalogenmethane (THM) and it has been used instead of complicated measurement (Edzwald et al., 1985). Since then, its use has amended several times and currently the SUVA ability to predict the formation of individual classes of DBPs (Disinfection By-Products) on hygiene of drinking water has been studied most. Most of the studies examine in particular the formation of THMs and HAAS (haloacetic acids) which are strictly regulated because of their harmful properties for the environment and human health. Its questionless advantage is a quick and easy setting directly in the water treatment plants. However, the existing studies provide quite contradictory conclusions regarding its practical benefits to really predict how the water reacts with disinfectant and forms DBPs during the treatment. Based on the evaluation of the available literature SUVA seems to be more suitable for humic nature water which is similar with its physical properties. Vice versa, using SUVA for water containing AOM is...
Thermodynamics of adsorption of natural organic matter onto activated carbon
Hirsch, Karel ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Čermáková, Lenka (referee)
The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) in water resources can significantly affect the organoleptic properties of water, inhibit the processes of drinking water treatment and may be harmful to organisms and to human health. That is why the drinking water treatment process is therefore emphasizes the elimination of natural organic matter by the best available techniques. To remove NOM is currently proving to be the most effective adsorption process on the activited carbon (AC). The process of adsorption of natural substances on activated carbon affects many factors. Important factors affecting adsorption are the solution properties such as pH, ionic strength (IS), chemical composition and temperature of the solution. Due to different water temperatures, depending on the season, the temperature can significantly affect the process of NOM adsorption on activated carbon in drinking water treatment. The authors in their works devoted primarily to the effect of pH on adsorption and in the literature is shown little information on the effect of water temperature on the adsorption of natural organic matter. This thesis deals with thermodynamics of adsorption of natural organic matter to activated carbon. Bachelor's thesis in the form of research describes the basic properties of thermodynamics of...
Application of Specific UV Absorbance (SUVA) for natural organic matter characterization
Vítková, Tereza ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Načeradská, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the characterization of parameter of specific UV absorbance (SUVA), which has currently been used during water treatment to estimate the potential of natural organic matter (NOM) to form by-products of water disinfection. SUVA is defined as the ratio of absorbance at 254 nm and the values of the concentration of dissolved carbon (DOC). First, SUVA was used as a surrogate parameter instead of more complex measurements to assess the potential formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) (Edzwald et al., 1985). Currently ability of the parameter SUVA to predict the formation of individual classes of DBPs (Disinfection By-Products) on hygiene of drinking water has been studied most. Most of the studies examine in particular the formation of THMs and HAAs (Haloacetic Acids) which are strictly regulated because of their harmful effect for the environment and human health. Its questionless advantage is a quick and easy setting directly in the water treatment plants. However, the existing studies provide quite contradictory conclusions regarding its practical benefits to predict how the water reacts with disinfectant and forms DBPs during the treatment. Based on the evaluation of the available literature SUVA seems to be more suitable for humic nature water which show high value SUVA...
Utilization and comparing the new filter materials for removing iron and manganese
Lukeš, Jan ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Pivokonský, Martin (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the removal of iron and manganese in water treatment. The main goal is to determine applicability and suitability of commercially available filter materials for the process for removing iron and manganese from water. The issue of iron and manganese removal water treatment was investigated on the basis of a literature review that summarizes the possible methods of removing iron and manganese from water. Subsequently, four industrially produced filter materials were selected and tested in laboratory. Condition for selection was that the materials did not require regeneration. This work has shown that the use of industrially produced filter materials is advantageous in appropriately defined operating conditions. Removing iron and manganese with these materials may be a suitable alternative to the methods used today. Their advantage lies in the long life cycle without requiring dosage of oxidizing agent. The other advantage is the possibility to remove the seasonally occurring increased concentration of iron and manganese. Their use is likely to be suitable for automatic operation of the drinking water treatment plant.
Influence of algal organic matter on coagulation of phytoplanktonic cells
Stránská, Štěpánka ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Barešová, Magdalena (referee)
When algal or cyanobacterial populations increase in drinking water reservoirs, water treatment technologies have to cope not only with increased cell numbers but also with algal organic matter (AOM). The presence of cells and AOM in raw water causes some problems in the drinking water treatment process that can lead to the drinking water production of unsatisfactory quality. Residual algae cells and AOM can form toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs). Therefore, to maintain the cell integrity and prevent the release of AOM, it is essential for algae-polluted water treatment. This thesis examines the influence of AOM on coagulation of algal and cyanobacterial cells. The efficiency of coagulation is affected by various algae characteristics. The important have particularly the dependence of the coagulant dose on the cell surface area and the size and value of the surface charge of cells. It has been demonstrated that AOM can have not only negative but also positive influence on coagulation of cells. The presence of high concentrations particularly of low molecular weight (MW) AOM results in inhibition of coagulation. On the other hand, coagulation is improved by low concentration of high-MW AOM (particularly proteins) at approximately pH 4-6. Nowadays, for removal coagulated cells dissolved air...

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