|
|
Application of fluidized layer of granular material in water treatment
Čuda, Jan ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Pitter, Pavel (referee)
Chemical treatment is the most often method used in water treatment in the Czech republic. It is based on dosage of destabilisation reagent into raw water, formation of separable aggregates and their separation by sand filtration. Waterworks optimalisation is predominantly carried out by change of the chemical parameters, typically by change of destabilisation reagent dose. Physical parameters in water treatment like the magnitude of the velocity gradient and period of its duration are undervalued commonly, although they have crucial effect on quality of the aggregates. Character of the aggregates (size, density, compactness) influence their separability. This study aims at evaluation of influence of the magnitude of the velocity gradient on quality of suspension formed. Infuence of stirring intensity was performed on the pilot plant situated in the Želivka waterworks, which is fed from Švihov reservoir. The pilot plant worked at two modes: 1) slow stirring by perforated baffles and 2) fast stirring by fluidised layer of granular material. Fast stirring was either aggregational (served only as stirring element), or separational (separation of aggregates proceed already in the fluidised layer) Infuence of the magnitude of velocity gradient was evaluated by aggregation test. Seperation effectivity...
|
|
|
Study of 137Cs, 90Sr and 3H behaviour in hydrosphere in vicinity of Nuclear Power Plant Temelin
Ivanovová, Diana ; Hanslík, Eduard (advisor) ; Pitter, Pavel (referee) ; Prouza, Zdeněk (referee)
The thesis focuses on an analysis of the results of long-term monitoring of the concentrations of 137Cs, 90Sr and 3H in hydrosphere in the vicinity of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. The monitoring was carried out during the period 1990-2008 subsequently in several projects, which include Research of impacts of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant on hydrosphere and other components of the environment (National project no. N 03-331-867), Research on impacts of nuclear facilities on the environment (VaV/510/1/96), Strategy and methodology of integrated studies of long-term trends in landscape development in close and wide vicinity of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant (VaV/640/8/03), Programme on monitoring and assessment of impacts of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant on the environment, and Monitoring for Czech Power Works, a.s., Nuclear Power Plant. The thesis was carried out in T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, public research institution. The radionuclides were monitored in surface water, river sediments, aquatic flora and fish species. The main objective of the thesis was to analyse and integrate all of the knowledge on concentrations and behaviour of these radionuclides, which originate mainly from residual contamination, in order to assess the impacts of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant (Temelín plant) on...
|
|
| |
|
|
Study of 137Cs, 90Sr and 3H behaviour in hydrosphere in vicinity of Nuclear Power Plant Temelin
Ivanovová, Diana ; Hanslík, Eduard (advisor) ; Pitter, Pavel (referee) ; Prouza, Zdeněk (referee)
The thesis focuses on an analysis of the results of long-term monitoring of the concentrations of 137Cs, 90Sr and 3H in hydrosphere in the vicinity of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant. The monitoring was carried out during the period 1990-2008 subsequently in several projects, which include Research of impacts of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant on hydrosphere and other components of the environment (National project no. N 03-331-867), Research on impacts of nuclear facilities on the environment (VaV/510/1/96), Strategy and methodology of integrated studies of long-term trends in landscape development in close and wide vicinity of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant (VaV/640/8/03), Programme on monitoring and assessment of impacts of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant on the environment, and Monitoring for Czech Power Works, a.s., Nuclear Power Plant. The thesis was carried out in T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute, public research institution. The radionuclides were monitored in surface water, river sediments, aquatic flora and fish species. The main objective of the thesis was to analyse and integrate all of the knowledge on concentrations and behaviour of these radionuclides, which originate mainly from residual contamination, in order to assess the impacts of Temelín Nuclear Power Plant (Temelín plant) on...
|
|
|
Binding of trace elements to colloids in MSW landfill leachates
Matura, Marek ; Ettler, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Pitter, Pavel (referee) ; Faimon, Jiří (referee)
1 SUMMARY The association of trace elements with colloids in leachates from closed and active municipal solid waste (MSW) was studied using the cascade filtration/ultrafiltration method. A study was carried out after long-term monitoring of seasonal variations of the leachate quality. Both landfills are situated in the vicinity of Prague and the closed landfill site represents a serious environmental risk for part of this city. In the first step, the evaluation of the long-term seasonal changes in the main and trace element contents in leachate from the closed landfill was performed and supplemented by investigation of precipitation/dissolution processes in the solid phases. It was shown that the quality of the leachate is strongly influenced by rain events, which are responsible for the dissolution of calcite and Fe oxides in the landfill body. This process leads to the release of Cu, Zn and Cd bound to these solid phases and to an increase in their concentrations in the leachate. The contents of the other element are significantly decreased by simple dilution. Therefore, the mobility of all the studied elements increases substantially during rain events. Monitoring of the seasonal variation in the leachate quality enabled us to determine the appropriate conditions for isolated sampling for studying the...
|
|
|
Application of fluidized layer of granular material in water treatment
Čuda, Jan ; Pitter, Pavel (referee) ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor)
Chemical treatment is the most often method used in water treatment in the Czech republic. It is based on dosage of destabilisation reagent into raw water, formation of separable aggregates and their separation by sand filtration. Waterworks optimalisation is predominantly carried out by change of the chemical parameters, typically by change of destabilisation reagent dose. Physical parameters in water treatment like the magnitude of the velocity gradient and period of its duration are undervalued commonly, although they have crucial effect on quality of the aggregates. Character of the aggregates (size, density, compactness) influence their separability. This study aims at evaluation of influence of the magnitude of the velocity gradient on quality of suspension formed. Infuence of stirring intensity was performed on the pilot plant situated in the Želivka waterworks, which is fed from Švihov reservoir. The pilot plant worked at two modes: 1) slow stirring by perforated baffles and 2) fast stirring by fluidised layer of granular material. Fast stirring was either aggregational (served only as stirring element), or separational (separation of aggregates proceed already in the fluidised layer) Infuence of the magnitude of velocity gradient was evaluated by aggregation test. Seperation effectivity...
|
|
| |
|
|
Optimalization of the coagulation process of surface water with high content of aluminium and natural organic matter
Pivokoňská, Hana ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Komínková, Dana (referee) ; Pitter, Pavel (referee)
7 ABSTRACT The submitted doctoral thesis deals with the optimisation of chemical treatment process of water with the high concentration of aluminium and natural organic matter (NOM). Natural organic matter in connection with the higher concentration of natural aluminium is the common components of some surface water in the Czech Republic. The high aluminium in water reservoirs can lead to the higher concentration of residual aluminium in drinking water and then it can cause some health problems. Both of these components can be removed from drinking water by chemical treatment process based on the destabilisation and the aggregation. Chemical treatment aims at the formation of aggregates that are separable by filtration through a layer of granular media. The efficiency of the NOM and Al removal is influenced by many chemical and physical factors (the reaction conditions under which the aggregation takes place, the type and dosage of destabilisation reagent, the reaction pH value, the mean velocity gradient, and the period of its duration). For this reason it is very important to optimise the condition of water treatment. The main problem is inadvisable type and dose of the reagent and unsuitable intensity and duration of mixing. Common water treatment technologies are based only on the reagent doses...
|
guest ::
