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Application of Environmental Geophysics Methods in Chosen Localities of the Krkonose National Park
Dvořák, Igor Jan ; Dohnal, Jiří (advisor) ; Císlerová, Milena (referee) ; Petrovský, Eduard (referee)
inrroduction -:,is thesis is a contribution to the rnultidisciplinary study of the arctic-alpine..'::a of the Giant Mountains (a part of the arctic-álpine tundra of the Éigh :.:etes). a unique environment in the context of the other central Europeán -.".i-.lntains. In the Giant Mountains this environment occupies an afea of aboút 4z :.n- (approxirnately 7 .4 oÁ of the total area of the Giant Mountains' with 32 km2 on :he czech side and 15 km2 on the polish side). within the fiamework of several :esearch projects there are a number of studies carried out by czech as well as ňreign experts (Stursa 2002). The results of these studies u,. u.ry important for a'bener understanding of the arctic-alpine tundra environment and its management. In this thesis, three types of abiotic properties were studied: (1) the masnetic properties of the upper layers of the soil; (2) soil moisture properties in relattn to \egetative cover (dwarf pine versus grassland stands); and (3) influence of wind- :rifted snow on the water balance of small mountain catchments. In the case of (1) :rd (2), environmental geophysics methods (magnetic properties and TDR*:asurements) were used. In case of (3), a new method of snow-deoth ::::rmination in the snowbed using a GpS system was developed. i .{rctic-alpine tundra environment The...
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Application of Environmental Geophysics Methods in Chosen Localities of the Krkonose National Park
Dvořák, Igor Jan ; Dohnal, Jiří (advisor) ; Císlerová, Milena (referee) ; Petrovský, Eduard (referee)
inrroduction -:,is thesis is a contribution to the rnultidisciplinary study of the arctic-alpine..'::a of the Giant Mountains (a part of the arctic-álpine tundra of the Éigh :.:etes). a unique environment in the context of the other central Europeán -.".i-.lntains. In the Giant Mountains this environment occupies an afea of aboút 4z :.n- (approxirnately 7 .4 oÁ of the total area of the Giant Mountains' with 32 km2 on :he czech side and 15 km2 on the polish side). within the fiamework of several :esearch projects there are a number of studies carried out by czech as well as ňreign experts (Stursa 2002). The results of these studies u,. u.ry important for a'bener understanding of the arctic-alpine tundra environment and its management. In this thesis, three types of abiotic properties were studied: (1) the masnetic properties of the upper layers of the soil; (2) soil moisture properties in relattn to \egetative cover (dwarf pine versus grassland stands); and (3) influence of wind- :rifted snow on the water balance of small mountain catchments. In the case of (1) :rd (2), environmental geophysics methods (magnetic properties and TDR*:asurements) were used. In case of (3), a new method of snow-deoth ::::rmination in the snowbed using a GpS system was developed. i .{rctic-alpine tundra environment The...
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Physical properties of meteorites and their role in planetology
Kohout, Tomáš ; Kobr, Miroslav (advisor) ; Petrovský, Eduard (referee) ; Funaki, Minora (referee)
Physical properties of meteorites and their role in planetology Tomáš Kohout Together with cosmic spherules, interplanetary dust particles and lunar samples returned by Apollo and Luna missions, meteorites are the only source of extraterrestrial material on Earth. They represent samples of various space bodies from asteroids to other planets. Some are remains of parent bodies, which completely disintegrated during giant collisions and no longer exist in the Solar System. The physical properties of meteorites, especially their magnetic susceptibility, bulk and grain density and porosity, have wide applications in meteorite research such as meteorite classification, studies of their origin, level of terrestrial weathering, shock history and in the estimation of the physical appearance oťtheir parent bodies - asteroids. For example, the comparison of a meteorite's density, porosity or magnetic susceptibility to that of a compositionally similar asteroid may reveal its internal structure. For such purposes, an expanded database of meteorite physical properties was compiled with new measurements done in meteorite collections across Europe using a mobile laboratory facility. However, the scale problem may bring discrepancies in the comparison of asteroid and meteorite properties. Due to inhomogenity, the physical...
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Measuring magnetic properties of environmental samples
Zárubová, Alžběta ; Petrovský, Eduard (advisor) ; Kapička, Aleš (referee)
A. Zárubová: Měření magnetických vlastností environmentálních vzorků 1 ENGLISH ABSTRACT This bachelor's thesis presents briefly principles and examples of applications of magnetic measurements in environmental studies. Environmental magnetism is based on determination of iron oxides, their content, concentration and grain size. This information can be interpreted in terms of particle origin, transport or diagenesis. The results can provide information on, e.g., climatic changes in the past, short-term events influencing our environment (e.g., volcanic eruptions) or about contemporary problems associated with human activity (environmental pollution). In the last case, environmental magnetism does not intend to replace geochemical methods, but the main aim is to provide fast and easily available additional information, which helps us to be more effective in mapping contaminated areas, monitoring progression of pollution or modeling transport processes of contaminants. Magnetometry is currently intensively used for mapping contamination of atmosphere, soils and sediments; it can be used in defining long-term levels of contamination, individual pollution sources and their contribution to the overall pollution. This thesis provides a brief overview of the physical basics of environmental magnetism and examples...
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Paleomagnetism and magnetomineralogy of rocks from the Bohemian Massif and Tethyan Realm
Schnabl, Petr ; Pruner, Petr (advisor) ; Hrouda, František (referee) ; Petrovský, Eduard (referee)
Mgr. Petr Schnabl - Dissertation Paleomagnetism and magnetomineralogy of rocks from the Bohemian Massif and Tethyan Realm Abstract The thesis deals with paleomagnetic and rock magnetic properties of Silurian/Devonian and Jurassic/Cretaceous limestones, Paleogene/Neogene basaltic rocks and altered Silurian basalts. The main goal is to determine the history of the Earths' magnetic field from the Silurian to the present. Two lithostratigraphic formations are defined in the Jičín volcanic field on the basis of volcanology, paleomagnetism and radiometric dating. The Trosky Formation (24.6?/18.3 - 15.7 Ma) is composed of several Strombolian-type volcanoes, while the Kozákov Formation (5.2 - 4.6 Ma) is represented by effusive products with a crater vent of a single giant volcano. One Pliocene (4.3-3.3 Ma) and two Pleistocene phases (2.6 -2.1 Ma and 1.8 - 1.1 Ma) of volcanic activity Magnetostratigraphy is a very important tool for the definition of the J/K boundary. The boundary between the Crassicolaria and Calpionella zones is present within geopolarity zone M19n. The boundary between the ammonite zones Jacobi and Durangites also lies close to this point. Paleomagnetic directions of Silurian and Devonian rocks in the Bohemian Massif are very difficult to interpret and have been studied as a challenging problem...
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Methodology for evaluating the soil properties by using magnetic susceptibility , applicable for the assessment of soil degradation due to water erosion
Kapička, Aleš ; Kodešová, R. ; Jakšík, O. ; Klement, A. ; Petrovský, Eduard ; Grison, Hana
This work has been supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic (Project No. QJ1230319, “Soil water regime within a sloping agricultural area”). The goal was to propose methodology for using the soil magnetic parameters for accessing soil properties and their spatial distribution within agricultural areas affected by water erosion. Methodology includes: choice of sampling design for target area (optimized based on other auxiliary data) and soil sampling (topsoil), soil sample processing (drying, grinding, sieving, etc.), method of magnetic susceptibility measurements (using Bartington MS2 and Kappametr SM400) and procedure to calibrate models of predicting soil properties from soil magnetic properties. Prediction of the oxidable organic carbon from the mass specific magnetic susceptibility determined in the laboratory is shown here as an example of practical application of this methodology for soil properties assessment in certain soil types. In addition close correlation between volume magnetic susceptibility measured directly in the field and mass specific magnetic susceptibility obtained in the laboratory documents that the oxidable organic carbon may be estimated directly from the field measurements.
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Fly-ash mobility in sandy material
Kodešová, R. ; Kapička, Aleš ; Fialová, Hana ; Žigová, Anna ; Kočárek, M. ; Kopáč, J. ; Petrovský, Eduard
Fly-ash migration in three sands of various particle size distributions and consequently various porosities was studied in the laboratory. The fly-ash was applied on the top of all sands packed in plastic cylinders followed by pulse infiltrations. Water regime was monitored using the soil water content sensors SM200 and micro-tensometers T5. Kappameter SM400 was used to monitor migration of ferrimagnetic particles-tracers presented in the fly-ash. Undisturbed samples of sands polluted by fly-ash were taken at the end of the experiments to study final fly-ash distribution in section planes and thin sections of sandy material.
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