|
|
To Keep Silent
Chvojková, Stela ; Matějčková, Tereza (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
The master thesis is dedicated to silence as a limit phenomenon of language. It elaborates on the problem in dialogue with Ludwig Wittgenstein, in whose philosophy this aspect of silence is central. First, an interpretation of the Tractatus in the light of its final sentence "Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent" is presented. The emphasis is put on the ultimate paradox of the text, which traditional interpretations seek to undermine. In the second part of the thesis, Wittgenstein's later reflections, especially those from the Philosophical Investigations, are used to question the binary distinction between silence and language and as a result, to describe silence as a positive phenomenon linked to the possibility of showing. The thesis thus seeks to explore from different angles the phenomenon of silence in its ambiguity and to underline its philosophical significance.
|
|
|
Reason, History, Tradition. On Gadamer's Theory of Understanding
Raška, Štěpán ; Čapek, Jakub (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
This master thesis aims to present an interpretation of Gadamer's theory of understanding. My interpretation gives an accent firstly on the motive of historicity of all understandings and at the same time her "prejudiceness" (understanding is always associated with some preconditions and it must be understood as circle). Secondly I will stress the Gadamer's concept of tradition. I will explain the tradition just as the immanent structure of historical understanding. In the second part of my text, I will formulate two problems, which are closely related to the Gadamer's theory of understanding. I consider these problems by Gadamer himself as unresolved. These are the problems of freedom on the one hand and the problem of responsibility on the other. In this part of my thesis, I will consider some objections to Gadamer's theory of understanding as well (for example Jürgen Habermas'). In conclusion I will try to take my own position especially to these two problems.
|
|
|
The birth of cinematography and it's influence on philosophical notion of time
Renotière, Gina Agatha ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
Annotation: Time has always been one of the most important topics in philosophy. Philosophers all around the world were coming up with new definitions of time since the antiquity. Is it a movement? An extension of our very soul? Or a bergsonian durée? The invention of cinematography shook all these definitions to the ground. Film presents situations that seem to be going on in another world, in which the characters are able to jump from present to past - the events of several centuries can happen in a matter of minutes - and time seems to submit to no rules whatsoever. But is that truly so? My goal in this thesis is to look deeper into how philosophy grasps the concept of cinematographic time and how its view on cinematographic time differs from its view on time itself. I will base my research on the works of Henri Bergson, Gilles Deleuze, and Mary Ann Doane. Key words: Time, Philosophy of film, Cinematography, Cinematographic time, Durée, Crystal of Time, Division of time
|
|
|
Deleuze: Virtual Differential Fields and their Actualization
Tůma, Martin ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; De Santis, Daniele (referee)
This thesis is divided into two parts, each of which corresponds to a particular line of inquiry. The first asks about the general character of Deleuze's philosophy. What kind of philosopher is he? What are the chief defining features of his philosophy? How does his work fit into the larger context of the history of ideas? We proceed by discussing Deleuze's relation to some of his main influences, namely Plato, Nietzsche, and Kant, but also certain areas of mathematics, gradually sharpening our understanding of Deleuze's own views in the process. The second part then asks, against the background of this general characterization, after the specific form of Deleuze's ontology. What is the Deleuzian world like? What are its constitutive moments? What are the relations between these moments? We begin with the most general outline and gradually complicate it by introducing more of Deleuze's terminology. In particular, what interests us in this second part is Deleuze's concept of the virtual and his mechanism of immanent genesis through which psychical, biological, social, material, as well as all other forms come to be constituted, that is, the process of indi-different/ciation. In order to do this, we use Deleuze's relation to Kant to frame his ontological project, and rely on mathematics to ground the enquiry....
|
|
|
Normalized social distance
Šlerka, Josef ; Souček, Jiří (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Macek, Jakub (referee)
This dissertation thesis deals with the application of the concept of information distance to the social network data analysis. We consider this data as recorded acts of social action. As such, they express certain attitudes, values and intentions. We introduce a formula for calculating the Normalized Social Distance and, based on the series of case studies, we prove the usefulness and validity of this approach. The application of formal mathematical and computer science techniques to massive data records of human action in social network environments is enabled by the change brought by new media and the associated technological advancement. This change is accompanied by a gradual transition of research methods in the humanities, referred to as the onset of digital humanities. This approach is characterized by the application of quantitative methods in the field of humanities and the discovery of new data areas useful for analyses. In case of social media data, the differentiation between quantitative and qualitative methods is no longer valid. A good example is also this thesis, in which information theory specifically combines the methods of a traditional social network analysis and the Goffman's frame analysis of human action. Keywords Information distance, Normalized Social Distance, Kolmogorov...
|
|
|
The thinking of picture
Řebíková, Barbora ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Pavel (referee)
The text tries to study the classical theory of mimésis, that contains motives which has influenced our understanding of the reality (image) up to today. The attention is paid to the classical determination of mimésis in the Plato's and Aristotle's work. The work attempts to study besides the classical form of the theory also the transformation in modern philosophical environment. At first it studies the change in definition, the determination of minésis as a projection and representation. It points to the variable accent similarities in the studied theory. Then the work analyses the idea positions of Nelson Goodman, who wholly denies the role of similarity for determination of the art theory as a imitation and he builds the realism on totally different base. There are two models of vision described at the conclusion of the work that correspond with the proposed determination of menésis. The work is the base of the reality (image) mind, that could continue with studying of the contemporary art from the theory point of view.
|
|
|
Natural law
Bulušek, Martin ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the problems which result from the division of law into positive law and natural law. These problems can be summarized by a question whether there is a standard by which one could evaluate the rightness of the positive law or whether there is only boundless legal licence. The thesis sees a possible solution to this dilemma in the work of Friedrich Nietzsche and his ontological reinterpretation of the concepts of subject, morality, power and justice. The result is an insight that by rejecting metaphysically conceived natural law, we do not throw off the possibility of evaluating the law as such. Justice, conceived not as a static factum, but as a constantly found and lost quality of a legal system, should become the instrument of this new criticism. Legal system itself is conceived as an outcome of the struggle of diverse perspectives, which leads to continuous revaluation (interpretation) of its elements and so it constantly leads to new forms of justice from which none can be just "per se", because that would lead to the elimination of the tension which founds the legal system as such.
|
|
|
Image as a New Type of Reality
Aimová, Irena ; Bystřický, Jiří (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
The text deals with the problem of the image and focuses mainly on evolution of different techniques of depiction and on transforming forms of visual representations. Images have a considerable impact on individuals and society because they can affect our ways of thinking and acting. They can also work as modes and schemes of visual perception and thus constitute our "image" of reality. Particular emphasis is given to contemporary transformation of the nature and function of images, as well as modes of reception related to new advances in communication technologies.
|
|
|
Mythic structures and religious motives in the universe of StarCraft computer game series.
Michalič, Robert ; Kostičová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
The goal of this work is to provide the reader with an interpretation of races, factions and storyline of the Starcraft game series universe from the perspective of religious studies and to set its results into context of modern spiritual beliefs collectively called New Age. First part of the work analyzes narrative elements which are found in races and factions of Starcraft univerze and reaches the conclusion that through them the game operates with religiously relevant classification categories of purity and dirtiness, order and chaos. The second part utilizes these results in an analysis of narrative structures understood as relations and interactions between particular races and factions, and shows that categories of order and chaos/purity and dirtiness are functionally analogous to Victor Turner's categories of structure and anti-structure. Conclusion of this analysis claims that Starcraft thematizes the problem of one's oppozite's prevalence over the other. The third part summarizes conclusions of both previous parts, gives examples of order/chaos relations in historical religions and shows how narrative structures present these beliefs as problematic. Subsequently this work points out the identical beliefs celebrating the balance between opposites found in New Age, tries to explain the...
|
|
|
Architectonic space
Sedláková, Martina ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Zuska, Vlastimil (referee)
The thesis "Architectonic Space" deals with the problem of space in architecture. Describing the distinction of polarity of inside and outside, its task is to define the ontological status of the architectural space. Furthermore the discourse of space within architecture is introduced. The study also deals with both the relation of space and architecture (architectural specializing) and the relation of human spatiality and architectonic space.
|
guest ::
RSS feed.