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Democratic erosion in the world
Nehoda, Marek ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
This thesis deals with democratic erosion, mainly in form of executive aggrandizement. Thesis is based on the theory of Nancy Bermeo, who defined and started to scholarly deal with the issue of aggrandizement. Methodologically, this work uses the principles of a case study, with individual case studies being Hungary, Nicaragua, Thailand, Turkey, Mali, and Armenia, in which the subject of research is the phenomenon of executive aggrandizement in each branch of power during the years 2008 to 2018. The research questions are answered thanks to systematic analysis of branches of power within case studies. The result is discovery that across different political systems and regions there are common features in the examined cases. In all cases, except Thailand, there is a unicameral parliament present, and that the institution aggrandized first is usually the one that can threaten the continuity of executive mandate the most. Furthermore, it is possible to generalize the signs of democratic erosion. These particularly include - unconstitutional activities, manipulation of the electoral process, limitation of powers or gaining control over the legislation/judiciary/executive, etc. Finally, executive aggrandizement occurs the most over the judicial power, where research shows that the judiciary most often...
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Transformation of Socialist Parties in Spain and Portugal in the Shadow of the Economic Crisis
Bányácská, Kristýna ; Guasti, Petra (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the transformation of socialist parties in Western Europe - Spain and Portugal. This thesis aims to analyze the electoral programs of socialist parties in the shadow of an economic crisis. This diploma thesis aimed to discover how the socialist parties in Spain and Portugal transformed and how. The greatest attention focuses on the internal part of the transformation of socialist parties. This thesis used qualitative content analysis and manual coding on programs. The results of this interpretative content analysis show, that the parties mostly deal in their programs with economic issues and much less with identity politics, which tested the theory of Berman and Snegovaya (2019), which claims that, if a left-wing party deals with more economic issues in its program, it has a better chance at succeeding in a given political system. The Portuguese Socialist Party and the Spanish Socialist Party are currently relevant political forces within the political system and both managed to be part of the governments as well. They both also have managed to overcome the entry of a higher number of new populist parties. The result of this work is, therefore, the analysis and subsequent comparison of the election programs of both socialist parties, a deeper understanding of their...
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France in the Arctic
Domkář, Michal ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the modern French Arctic policy and its gradual evolution. A crucial prerequisite is the transformation of the Arctic narrative, that is how the region is generally seen. While it had been previously understood as a place for international cooperation, global warming has dramatically changed the region. Thus, both the key points of the Arctic debate and its participants and the overall narrative have changed. The goal of this thesis is to find out whether France reflects this change of the narrative and if so, how. France has shown interest in the region for a long time and its long-lasting presence makes it an important actor. The research has been done through the analysis of relevant government documents and proclamations which demonstrate the official country's approach the best. The resulting findings confirmed the transformation of Arctic policy, which changes its main proclaimed interest over time. The emphasis is no longer on scientific activity as it once was. Although it is increasingly incorporating security and the strategic importance of the region into its approach, given the recency of the phenomenon, it cannot yet be said with certainty that this will become the central focus of future policy, although the trend described suggests that it will.
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Nowoczesna: A Transformed Entrepreneurial Party?
Pohanka, Vojtěch ; Stauber, Jakub (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
Entrepreneurial parties are a relevant but overlooked topic in contemporary political science. This thesis seeks to contribute to the emerging literature on entrepreneurial parties with a case study of the Polish party Nowoczesna (Modern). The main research question that it seeks to answer is whether Nowoczesna, during its various stages of development, met the criteria of the entrepreneurial party model. The case of Nowoczesna was chosen primarily because the party underwent a leadership alternation, which is of theoretical relevance for the entrepreneurial party concept. For its theoretical framework, the thesis uses the definition of the entrepreneurial party concept developed by Hloušek, Kopeček and Vodová in their 2020 book The Rise of Entrepreneurial Parties in European Politics. To operationalize the multidimensional concept, the thesis uses a variety of indicators, including von dem Berge and Poguntke's Assembly-based Intra- party Democracy index as well as measures of electoral and social media personalization. Semi- structured interviews with Nowoczesna's members provided additional insight into the party's origin and development. The analysis finds that Nowoczesna met the criteria and could be classified as an entrepreneurial party during its foundational period and then began to diverge...
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Comparison of national public policies of Roma integration in Central Europe
Tuzar, Vojtěch ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Říchová, Blanka (referee)
The societies of most European countries, especially those in Central Europe, are plagued by a high incidence of social and civic exclusion of Roma. The living situation of a significant part of the Roma community is a long-standing human rights challenge for modern welfare states. Since the collapse of the bipolar world, with the flowering of liberal values of equality, it has been assumed that Roma would be relatively swiftly integrated into mainstream society and that unjustified disparities in access to public services would be eliminated. Over the last thirty years, all states affected by significant levels of exclusion of the Roma minority have attempted to address this sensitive issue through a wide range of policies, but without any relevant and lasting impact. The present thesis examines national public policies in the field of Roma minority inclusion in Slovakia, Poland, and Czech Republic and Hungary in the current period. The main objective of the thesis is to compare the national integration policies of selected Central European countries by applying Actor-centred Institutionalism Theory and the A-A-A Model. The result of the scientific research is to present a comparative overview study that will generally reveal parallels and discrepancies in the states approach to Roma exclusion and...
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Network analysis of intraparty fissions over time: Co-voting within selected parliamentary party clubs
Brabec, Dušan ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Valeš, Lukáš (referee) ; Ocelík, Petr (referee)
1 UNIVERZITA KARLOVA FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH VĚD Institut politologických studií Katedra politologie Dušan Brabec Síťová analýza vnitrostranických štěpení v čase Výzkum míry souhlasného hlasování uvnitř poslaneckých klubů vybraných parlamentních stran Disertační práce Praha 2022 2 Bibliografický záznam Brabec, Dušan. Grafické modelování vnitrostranických štěpení v čase: Síťová analýza míry souhlasného hlasování uvnitř poslaneckých klubů. Praha, 2022. 100 s. Disertační práce (Ph.D.) Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut politologických studií. Katedra politologie. Školitel: doc. Michel Perottino, Ph.D. Abstract The main goal of this study is to capture and analyze the dynamics of the transformation of party unity within political parties, which have split as a result of the ongoing internal party crisis. Emphasis is placed on the identification of internal dividing lines using data on parliamentary votes. The study is based on quantitative methods, relies on approaches and tools used in network analysis, and from a theoretical perspective it draws from the literature related to party unity, etc. Party unity was approached as a quantity that serves as a proxy for possible relationships within the analyzed parliamentary groups, whereas the degree of consensus voting (ie party unity) indicates...
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Interpellation in Czech parliamentarism 2010-2021. Theoretical and analytical views
Czinege, Matěj ; Říchová, Blanka (advisor) ; Perottino, Michel (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to present the basic aspects of parliamentary questions (interpellations) and their actual use within Czech parliamentarism. Interpellations serve as a means of controlling the parliament, which is one of its most important functions. This function simply confirms the parliamentary system, thus fulfilling the purpose of parliamentarism. Interpellation is an essential element of the scrutiny function of parliaments. Its study not only sheds light on the functioning of parliamentarism, but also reveals the different levels of relations between the legislative and executive branches. It is one of the essential elements for understanding the functioning of a particular political system. The thesis focuses on the period between 2010 and 2021. This allows us to follow the development of the interpellation in the context of Czech parliamentarism over a longer period of time, without being a historical work. The thesis defines the basic characteristics of interpellations and focuses on their functions, which it then analyses on the basis of available data.
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Party System of Catalonia
Baranyaiová, Gabriela ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Říchová, Blanka (referee)
The Parliament of Catalonia was restored in 1980 within the transition to democracy in Spain. From the beginning the coalition of Convergència i Unió was dominated in party system. This coalition was consisted by two parties and had absolute parliamentarian majority between years 1984 and 1995. Its dominance was disrupted by Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya in elections in 1999 and also in 2003. Until then, there was a bipolar system where CiU won elections to the Parliament of Catalonia and PSC-PSOE elections to Congreso de Diputados in this autonomous region. CiU won every Catalan parliamentary elections till 2012. After the collapse of CiU in 2015, one of its parties, Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya, started to cooperate with Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya primarily because of Catalonia's independence. The number of relevant parties started to increase in 2015. The aim of the thesis is to answer following questions: what party system according to Sartori's theory occurred/occurs in the Parliament of Catalonia and whether there was a change of party system or not. If yes, then which circumstances affected this change. Furthermore, the results of the elections to the Parliament of Catalonia and to Congreso de Diputados in Catalonia are compared. This comparison seeks to answer the question of...
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