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Prenatal and Perinatal Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity
Šmídová, Radka ; Pejšová, Hana (advisor) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
Diploma thesis is divided into a theoretical and practical part. I dedicated the theoretical part not only to prenatal and perinatal obesity risk factors, but also to diagnosis, management, health complications and prevention. In the practical part, I described the outcomes of the questionnaire survey dedicated to the mothers of children aged 1-7 years. The aim of this thesis was to find out the occurrence of selected risk factors for childhood obesity. I found out that in my study group, there were some risk factors represented in relatively small quantity (for example smoking during pregnancy, smoking during breastfeeding, gestational diabetes mellitus). Other risk factors, such as mother's or father's obesity were frequent. Some risk factors for childhood obesity are obvious, while others have not yet been proved to be directly related to obesity. However, we can certainly suggest, that the healthy parents' weight, alcohol and nicotine abstinence and exclusive breastfeeding at least until the end of fourth month of life are the factors beneficial not only for the health of the child. Key words: childhood obesity; diet during pregnancy; nutritional programming; obesity prevention; obesity risk factors
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The effect of spa treatment on changes of anthropometric and biochemical parameters in obese pediatric patients
Pejšová, Hana ; Zlatohlávek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Kytnarová, Jitka (referee) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
Childhood obesity is currently considered a serious pediatric problem. The main risk of this metabolic disease lies in the shift of comorbidities associated with obesity to ever younger age categories. This is also related to the increasing overall cardiometabolic risk in these obese individuals. Early detection and treatment of childhood obesity is an essential task of pediatrics. The possibility of non-pharmacological treatment of childhood obesity is spa treatment. It consists of intensive reduction therapy, which includes nutritional, physical and educational interventions. The aim of the study was to monitor changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters after monthly treatment in pediatric patients. Furthermore, to identify and specify selected potential markers of cardiometabolic risk that significantly correlate with BMI and could be useful in children and adolescents. The thesis also focused in detail on two adipocyte hormones - leptin and adiponectin, which already correlate with the amount of adipose tissue in the pediatric population. These hormones could become significant predictive parameters of metabolic syndrome, subclinical atherosclerosis and other comorbidities associated with obesity and cardiovascular risk, already in children. Based on our measurements we can confirm...
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The Importance of Nutrition, The Quality and Effective Doses of Food Suplements EPA/DHA
Krčmářová, Miluše ; Pejšová, Hana (advisor) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
The fats should be understood as a necessary part of a diet and their income should be assessed from the energetic point of view, as well as fats to other nutrients ratio and the kind of fatty acids contained. After a period of total refusal of fats consumption as the cause of obesity and civilization disease occurences, the opinion, that it's not good to remove them from the diet because has prevailed. The reason is there might arise a deficiency in unsaturated essential acids, which are necessary to secure many functionalities in the organism. Among the interest became the polyunsaturated fatty acids with their low presence in the central european diet. This is related to the topic of dietary supplements with omega-3 fatty acids, which is the main topic of this thesis. The goal of this bachelor thesis is to sum up the importance of food supplemens with omega-3 fatty acids usage, to compare quality of the most common products and to bring information about their effective recommended doses. The main focus has been finding reasons why clients of a chosen pharmacy are looking for these products, whether there is a dirtect connection between their health difficulties a their selection of concrete product and what influences their choice. Further, the level of their knowledge about the quality of...
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Non-specialists' awareness of alternative nutritional movements and their risks
Šafářová, Jana ; Chrpová, Diana (advisor) ; Pejšová, Hana (referee)
Nowadays alternative nutritional directions with all their forms are quite widespread. For many people, vegetarianism is not only skipping meat consumption, but also lifestyle. However, deliberate omission of certain types of food carries the risk of a deficit of some important substances. The aim of this thesis was to map awareness of lay people about vegetarianism and veganism. Find out if respondents know what excludes vegan diets, how they differ from vegetarianism and what the risks are. The theoretical part deals with vegetarianism and its division. The thesis focuses mostly on veganism. The theoretical part also contains principles of properly composed vegan diet according to the Czech vegan society. It also contains a description of substances which may be defficient in the vegetarian and vegan diet. It shows the functions of these substances in the body, in what foods they are found and how their deficiency manifests. The practical part was carried out by the quantitative method of the questionnaire survey. The research sample consisted of the lay population most frequently at the age of 20- 29 years. A total of 146 respondents completed the questionnaire. The results of the questionnaires showed that 88% of respondents were able to correctly describe what excludes vegan diet. This...
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A comparison of eating habits and lifestyle between the vietnamese comunity living in Czech republic, the population in Vietnam and native Czechs
Pham, Khanh Ha ; Hubáček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Pejšová, Hana (referee)
This bachelor's thesis investigates the lifestyle and eating habits in Vietnamese and Czechs but also in the Vietnamese living in Czech Republic. The aim of this thesis is to find out and analyze the potential differences in their dietary patterns. The theoretic background of this work is based on the existing knowledge on the effects of nutrients and food commodities on human health, the knowledge on each chronic metabolic disease and the dietary measures needed to prevent as well as to cure them. The thesis also describes some of the eating habits known from the characteristics of each group's national cuisine. The own research then analyzes and compares the data acquired from a questionnaire about the eating habits of 280 people in all mentioned groups. The results on the frequency of food consumption, food preferences, lifestyle are then described and submitted with graphs and tables. The results show that the greatest differences in eating habits between the Vietnamese and Czech respondents in this research lie in the consummation of milk and milk products and starchy foods as side dishes. Less significant are the differences in the consummation of alcohol, fish, their habits in physical activities, the amount of hot meals and the biggest meals in a day. Even though Vietnamese consume...
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Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics - are they really effective?
Šmídová, Zuzana ; Pejšová, Hana (advisor) ; Pechar, Radko (referee)
Probiotics and prebiotics constitute an important part of our nutrition and possess many positive effects on human organism. Synbiotics represent combination of both of them. The aim of the theses in the theoretical aspect was to create a systematic review of available knowledge on the given topics and in the practical part to assess the level of awareness on these topics with regard to their presence and effects. In the practical part of the theses the questionnaire survey methodology was used. After evaluation of all answers it was found out that most people are familiar with the term probiotics, less people with the term prebiotics and the least respondents with the term synbiotics. Fermented dairy products are consumed by 88,3 % of respondents, mostly 2-3 times a week. The rest not consuming them indicated mostly the reasons of bad flavour or some form of intolerance. The respondents know also other fermented foods (sauerkraut, vegetables), however, these are less consumed than fermented dairy products. The least often the food supplements containing these substances are consumed. Due to the low level of awareness on prebiotics and synbiotics it would be very appropriate to improve public awareness on the given topics in order to increase their consumption, mainly in the form of their natural...
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Fiber intake in developed countries and possibilities for its increase in population
Ježková, Kristýna ; Pejšová, Hana (advisor) ; Křížová, Jarmila (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with fiber intake and possibilities of its increase. The main aim of the thesis is to evaluate the actual intake of fiber in the population and to find out whether people actually know what fiber is and what should be its daily intake. The theoretical part is focused on fiber itself. It describes its characteristics, distribution, properties and sources. The effect of fiber on human health and the consequences of insufficient or excessive fiber intake are discussed as well. The practical part is focused on the real intake of fiber in the population. It is done in the form of a questionnaire survey, in which I try to find out what knowledge of fiber people have, but also how often they consume foods containing fiber. Most of the questionnaires were handed out to customers of one unnamed pharmacy and healthy nutrition center in Prague and other passers-by. Altogether, I managed to collect 84 questionnaires. The questionnaire results show that vast majority of respondents have an idea of what fiber is and which foods contain it most; however, they do not know what the recommended daily intake is. Still, half of the respondents think their diet includes enough fiber. The fiber intake in men and women was not much different. The most significant difference was in the...
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The influence of the family social and financial background on the origin of children's obesity
Vokurková, Zuzana ; Pejšová, Hana (advisor) ; Chrpová, Diana (referee)
: Obesity is a very serious health and social-economic worldwide problem today. Childhood obesity means a higher risk of obesity and other associated health problems in later adulthood. As some research shows, every fourth child in the Czech Republic is overweight and every seventh child is obese. The cause of obesity is not only poor eating habits and lack of physical activity, but also genetic, psychological and socio-economic factors. For this reason, prevention itself is an important and only successful step. The main goal of this bachelor thesis was to find the connection between the socio - financial background of the family and the childhood obesity. Find out if the level of education and the level of family income affect childhood obesity. The work also focuses on mapping the eating habits of obese children in connection with social and financial backgrounds. The materials for the theoretical part of the thesis were obtained from professional literature, medical journals, articles and internet sources WHO, SZÚ, ÚZIS. Child obesity and socio-economic influences have been defined in this section. The research part of the work was carried out in the form of a quantitative questionnaire survey, which was anonymous and entirely voluntary. The questionnaire was submitted and approved by the...
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Alternative eating habbits and their perception by people aged 18-27
Mokrejšová, Andrea ; Pejšová, Hana (advisor) ; Chytilová, Eva (referee)
1 Abstract: This Bachelor's thesis is focused on problems of alternative nutrition and their knowledge and perception by young people in Czech republic. The Bachelor's thesis is divided into two parts; theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part the most popular alternative eating ways are analyzed. By a search was made text about general characteristic of alternative diets and about healthy benefits and risks resulting from their compliance. In this part is the characteristic of young people group by psychosocial view. There are included the discussion about reasons why they can decide to compliance alternative nutrition and their general attitude to nutrition and healthy lifestyle. The practical part tries to explain the context between nutrition and health for respondents and their knowledge about alternative dietology and their general relationship to alternative nutrition. These facts were evaluated by anonymous questionnare. We can see that the majority part of respondents doesn't observe principals of alternative dietology but they have knowledge about it. Their perception is positive and some of respondents regulate their food. The absolute majority of respondents doesn't percept the strict observe better for their body health than racional nutrition. The main goal of this Bachelor's thesis...
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