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Tick-borne encephalitis risk assessment based on classification of vegetation from remote sensing data
Červená, Lucie ; Potůčková, Markéta (advisor) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee)
Tick-borne encephalitis risk assessment based on classification of vegetation from remote sensing data Abstract The main aim of this thesis has been to find out how to classify various categories of forest vegetation with a different risk of exposure to the tick-borne encephalitis based on the Landsat imagery. The legend used here is derived from the one used in the projects by Daniel, Kolář, Zeman (1995) and Daniel, Kolář, Beneš (1999) but has been reduced to only five classses with no overlaps in their definitions (I. coniferous stands, II. mixed stands, III. young deciduous stands and stand ecotones with a highly heterogeneous structure, IV. deciduous stands with a homogeneous structure, V. deciduous stands with a heterogeneous structure). The supervised classification with the Maximum Likelihood Classifier has been used on the Landsat imagery from various seasons. Difficulties concerned with the presence of clouds and varying Sun elevation across the imagery had to be adressed in the course of the work. The training sites and the control points have been defined by the field research and interpretation of the relevant orthophotomaps and Landsat imagery in 5-4-3 RGB composite. The mask of the forest has been created on the ZABAGED data basis. The time horizon of 2006 - 2010 has been the primary focus....
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Effect of biological treatment on functional ability and mobility of patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Hušková, Barbora ; Pavelka, Karel (advisor) ; Smolíková, Libuše (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE 2ND FACULTY OF MEDICINE Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Medicine Barbora Hušková The influence of biological treatment on functional ability and mobility of patients with ankylosing spondylitis bachelor thesis Prague 2012 Abstract This thesis is primarily a literature search of knowledge about ankylosing spondylitis (AS), supplemented by two case studies of specific patients. The theoretic part describes the characteristics of AS as the main representative of spondylarthritides, including its diagnosis and testing methods. It also contains an overview of current approaches and strategies of a treatment. It focuses on biological treatment with TNF-α blockers. The practical part of the thesis illustrates the findings on the example of a patient with AS treated with biological therapy. It evaluates the subjective feelings in response to treatment and compares the results of treatment with standard therapy (i.e., without biological treatment) on another patient under otherwise similar conditions.
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Nutrition in Gouty Arthritis: from Past to Present, the Real Possibilities of Influence by Nutrition and the Consequences of strict diet restriction
Látalová, Ivana ; Pavelka, Karel (advisor) ; Žák, Aleš (referee)
It is a short work devoted to a disease called gout. The work can be divided into 3 parts. The first part deals with the development of the disease and its treatment. It is also described recent pharmacological treatment of gout and the latest drugs for this disease. Because the work is treated as final in the field of nutrition therapy constitutes a large part of dietary management and diet, which is appropriate to comply with this disease. The work also includes research on disease among patients with gout. These patients were asked about their knowledge of the disease, age, gender and adherence to the diet. The research evaluates whether patients consumed alcoholic beverages. The project also sought individual doctor by profession, in which patients with gout treated. Research data were obtained anonymously from patients at the pharmacy. The research was evaluated using graphs. Results obtained in this research are not very optimistic. Patients have incomplete information. They are usually do not comply with diet. Most patients also admitted to drinking alcoholic beverages. Finally, work is a statement that it would be possible to improve the health status of patients suffering from gout, by following dietary regimen and compliance with the principles of a healthy lifestyle. Key words: Gout,...
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Intracellular Concentration of Methotrexate in Erytrocytes and MTHFR Polymorphisms: Possible Association with Methotrexate Efficasy and Toxicity in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Tuková, Jana ; Doležalová, Pavla (advisor) ; Slanař, Ondřej (referee) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee)
Objective: To investigate whether methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and erythrocyte concentration of methotrexate (EMTX) could serve as predictors of methotrexate (MTX) efficacy and toxicity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods: Genetic analyses and EMTX and folate assessment were performed in 69 JIA patients treated with MTX and classified as full responders (n=51, disease inactivity) or nonresponders (n=18, less than 30 % improvement in paediatric ACR30 criteria while on 15 mg/m2/week parenteral MTX for at least 3 months). Results: Nonresponders were treated with the higher median MTX dose (17.2 vs 12.6 mg/m2/week, P<0.0001), and accumulated more EMTX (217 nmol/L vs 106 nmol/L, P<0.02) and erythrocyte folates (763 nmol/L vs 592 nmol/L, P=0.052) than responders. Analysis of MTHFR allele and genotype frequencies in relation to response failed to detect association. The frequency of any adverse effect was 29.4 % in responders and 33.3 % in nonresponders (P=0.77). The frequency of 677T allele was elevated in patients with adverse effects (52.4 % vs 20.9%, OR=3.88; 95% CI: 1.8-8.6; p<0.002). The probability of any adverse effect was significantly higher in patients with 677TT when compared to 677CC genotype (OR=55.5; 95-% CI: 2.9-1080;...
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Michalská, Dana ; Štěpán, Jan (advisor) ; Stárka, Luboslav (referee) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee)
Microdamage of bone tissue is one of important aspects of quality of bone. Marked suppression of bone turnover by bisphosphonates is associated with increased accumulation of bone microdamage in animal models. The purpose of our study was to test the hypothesis that long-term treatment with alendronate (ALN) results in accumulation of microdamage in bone in women after menopause and in that case to impairment of bone quality. In this cross-sectional study, 66 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (mean age of 68.0 years, mean BMD T-score of - 1.7 at total hip and -2.8 at lumbar spine; 62% with prevalent fractures) were evaluated. Thirtyeight had been treated previously with ALN (10 mg/day for a mean duration of 63.6 months) while 28 were treatment naive (TN). Before initiation of ALN treatment, mean serum PINP, plasma CTX, and OC were significantly increased as compared with reference values in premenopausal women (P< 0.05). After 6 months of ALN treatment, the mean of biochemical bone markers indicated significant suppression of bone remodeling (-70.5%, -84.1%, and - 67.3% for PINP, CTX and OC, respectively; P< 0.05). After 43 months of ALN treatment, markers of degradation and synthesis of type 1 collagen were below the lower limit of normal reference range in 50% of women treated with ALN. Without...
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Analyses of remote sensing techniques for detecting quartz and calcite in rock
Šourková, Lucie ; Štefanová, Eva (advisor) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee)
Remote sensing technique in geology is relatively fast and low cost procedure for initial research method preceding a more detailed field campaign. Remote sensing offer an excellent method of mapping surface geology mainly in arid regions. The analysis of remote sensing methods for silicon and calcium detection is the aims this thesis. The method were tested on satellite sensors Aster and Landsat ETM+ in Sechura desert region in northwest of Peru. For solution to mineral detection was the Aster data the most suitable. The data was preprocessed. From the atmospheric correction method was chosen the Empirical Line Calibration. The best methods for good identification of silicate and calcite were: mineralogic combination 5/7-5/4- 3/1 ETM+ bands, color composite ratio bands Aster 13/10-13/14-12/13, Principal Component Analyses and classification Spectral Angle Mapper. On the strength of results was suggested metodical procedure including steps from preprocessing to classification. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Immunochemical detection of tissue damage
Vytášek, Richard ; Herget, Jan (advisor) ; Pavelka, Karel (referee) ; Nečas, Emanuel (referee) ; Fučíková, Terezie (referee)
Primární podnět, vedoucí k tkáňovému poškození, je obvykle exogenního původu. Endogenního původu jsou zřejmě ta poškození tkáně, kdy dochází k soustavnému, dlouhodobému modifikování (např. vlivem stárnutí) některé její komponenty, která vede k ztrátě její funkčnosti (např. glykace proteinů čočky či racemisace jejich aminokyselin). Exogenní zásah, vedoucí k poškození tkáně, může být fyzikální podstaty (mechanickýporanění, tepelný - popálení, ionizující záření atd.), chemický (např. toxiny, alergeny, ale i přebytek či nedostatek kyslíku) nebo biologický (např. infekce). Chemický či biologický podnět vyvolává primární odpověď a tou je obvykle uvolnění cytokinů do extracelulárního prostoru anebo produkce volných radikálů. Účinek cytokinů na ostatní buňky je velmi různorodý a závisí na jejich typu, ale cytokiny jako takové tkáně nedegradují. Oproti tomu volné radikály mohou sice mít vlastnosti hormonů (oxid dusnatý) a mít protektivní účinek, ale mnohem častěji tkáně poškozují, ať už jako takové nebo svými reaktivními produkty (po reakci s kovy, oxidanty nebo reduktanty). Volné radikály, díky své reaktivitě, mají krátkou dobu existence a proto jejich stanovení je obtížné a často se převádí na stanovení stabilního produktu vznikajícího reakcí volného radikálu. Příkladem může být měření produkce oxidu dusnatého na...
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Šenolt, Ladislav ; Pavelka, Karel (advisor) ; Rovenský, Jozef (referee) ; Pokorný, Jaroslav (referee)
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) represent the most common forms of musculosceletal disorders that affect diarthrodial joints, lead to joint damage and disability. Extra-articular manifestations accompanied the joint disease only in RA. Diagnosis of both conditions most commonly bears on the conventional radiography. Mostly in OA, radiographic changes often occur late in the disease and are largely irreversible. Molecular markers could reflect joint damage, inflammation, or immune response. Current investigation revealed potential uses of molecular markers, ranging from understanding pathogenesis of the diseases to predicting and monitoring the outcome of the treatment. The aim of the thesis was to analyze several biochemical markers in serum, synovial fluid and synovial tissue samples from patients with RA and OA. and to evaluate their diagnostic and predictive values as well as their contribution to the pathogenesis of the diseases. We found increased serum pentosidine concentrations in OA patients that were ol a predictive value of the joint space narrowing in OA of the knee joint and correlation between pentosidine and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in synovial fluid that make pentosidine one of the new potential biomarkers of the OA. Scrum level of COMP was similar among...
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Využití multispektrálních družicových dat nové generace a laserového skenování pro dokumentaci analýzy jevů v životním prostředí‚ starých zátěží a jejich vlivu na okolí
České vysoké učení technické v Praze, Fakulta stavební, Katedra mapování a kartografie, Laboratoř fotogrammetrie a Laboratoř DPZ, Praha ; Pavelka, Karel
Tento projekt je zaměřen na využití nového typu družicových optických, radarových a hyperspektrálních dat pro oblast životního prostředí, zejména pro účely sledování skládek a jejich vlivu na okolí, pro monitorování složek životního prostředí a dlouhodobé změny zemského povrchu. V roce 2005 byla provedena rešerše na téma laserové skenování, letecké metody, laserového skenování a výběr vhodné lokality. Dále byla provedena rešerše fotogrammetrických metod dálkového průzkumu Země (DPZ) pro časové sledování v modelovém území, vytvoření časové řady, zahájení monitoringu. Popis činností a výsledků monitorování.
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