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Winery wastewater treatment
Horňák, David ; Procházková, Michaela (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
Wastewater management is a current topic for wineries, as wastewater treatment accounts for a large part of operating costs. Currently, technologies based on biological processes are mostly used to treat wastewater from wineries. However, these have a number of drawbacks, such as higher investment and operating costs, a large footprint or the requirement for the necessary technical knowledge of the operators. This paper deals with the selection of an economically less demanding technology for the treatment of winery wastewater and the experimental assessment of its efficiency with respect to the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Photo-Fenton oxidation was selected based on a thorough literature search. The Box-Behnken design was used to design of the experiment. Based on the experiment, the optimum operating conditions were found to be temperature 25 °C, pH 3, Fe2+ ion amount 20,2 mg/l, H2O2/Fe2+ ratio 64 and reaction time 3 h. The achievable COD removal efficiency is 11,8 %, which is not consistent with the values reported in the literature. The main reason for the low efficiency could be the insufficient intensity of the UV radiation used. Further research could build on the optimal conditions found and address the shortcomings of this experiment.
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Nature and Historical Characteristics of the Jizera Mountains
Procházková, Michaela ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (referee)
This bachelor thesis describes natural relations and history of the Jizera Mountains. First part is focused on geological and geomorphological processes creating the landscape and also on climatic and hydrological aspects. A second part gives an account of flora, which is a little reduced due to poor mineral subsoil. The exceptions are peat-bogs. These ecological subtypes represent the most valuable and the most important biotope of the Jizera Mountains. There we could discover a lot of unique and protected species of plants and animals. A history of the Jizera Mountains mapping here the settlements from prehistory age to modern times is also described in detail. Neither I do not forget to mention a development of textile and glass industry, which are also very important for this region at the field of economics. The deportation of the Germans after 2nd World War was an essential event resulting in almost complete displacement of the Bohemian border region. People have returned to the mountains due to tourism and a phenomenon of "the summer cottage" at 60th and 70th years of 20th century. A question about protection of the most specific comes out with an increasing quantity of visitors in this area. In the last part of the bachelor thesis is focused on this topic. This thesis has especially educational...
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A minor as debtor in proceedings to enforce judgment (by judicial officers or private enforcement agents)
Procházková, Michaela ; Pohl, Tomáš (advisor) ; Macková, Alena (referee)
This Master's thesis describes the position of a minor debtor in enforcement proceedings. The aim of this thesis it to, first, provide with a complex summary of the issue, concerning primarily topical questions which are discussed by experts in connection with childrens' indebbtedness, and second, to further identify the key drawbacks regarding the enforcement proceedings against minor debtors, with an offer for a solution. The thesis is subdivided into two parts. In the first part, there is the notion of a minor defined - for the purposes of this text, a minor is a person who is younger than eighteen years old and, concurrently, who was not emancipated by a court. The following chapters describe the protection of a minor in the legal system in general, where there are principles of best interest of a child and the right of a child to be respected in their opinion described. Further, the procedural protection of a minor is discussed, concerning primarily the procedural specifics of trials where a minor is a party to the case, including enforcement proceedings. Proper representation of a minor and provision of information to minors is emphasized within the chapter. At the very beginning of the second part, enforcement proceedings is described, and then the particulars of this proceedings are...
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Role of General Nurse in Rehabilitation Nursing
Procházková, Michaela ; Hošťálková, Monika (advisor) ; Svěráková, Marcela (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with problems of rehabilitation nursing in practice. The main aim of the work was to establish the awareness of general nurses on rehabilitation nursing and whether they co-operated within the scope of a multi-disciplinary team. My Partial Aims were to find out what did general nurses consider to be rehabilitation nursing, whether they rehabilitated with patients and whether the multi-disciplinary team was used in practice. The theoretical part of the thesis aims at summary of information as related to rehabilitation nursing. There is also stated the way of education of general nurses nowadays and statutory stipulations on their work contents. The empiric part used quantitative investigations with the data obtained through an Internet questionnaire. The respondents were the general nurses from the Czech Republic. The results reached clearly indicate that general nurses have sufficient knowledge in the field of rehabilitation nursing and they sufficiently co-operate with other members of the multi- disciplinary team. The knowledge obtained will be published in social networks and there will also be created a plan for better orientation in positioning of patients. Keywords: rehabilitation nursing, rehabilitation, nursing, multi-disciplinary team, inter- disciplinary co-operation
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Methods for monitoring contamination in wastewater
Ravasová, Michaela ; Procházková, Michaela (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
Bachelor thesis in the introduction explains the term wastewater. The basic indicators of wastewater pollution are presented and their significance and impact on water quality is explained. Afterwards are explained and described laboratory methods used to measure selected indicators of pollution. Since these methods are unsuitable for continuous wastewater monitoring, following section describes basic sensors for monitoring of wastewater directly at the measuring site. The basic principles which are used in sensors are described and parameters that sensors measure and their influence on environment is explained. Next, three chosen developing methods, i.e., biosensors, electronic noses and fluorescence spectroscopy, which will be applicable for on-line water monitoring in the future. The individual sensors are summarized in final tables. The aim of this work was to create simple overview of methods used for wastewater monitoring.
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Phosphorus recovery from liquid digestate
Heger, Jan ; Procházková, Michaela (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
The focus of this thesis is the posibility of obtaining phosphorus from liquid digestate. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on summarizing the current situation regarding phosphorus recovery. The research summarizes the essential information about the method of struvite precipitation, by which phoshphorus is obtained in the form of struvite, which can be further used as a fertilizer. Based on the process information, an experimental device was designed to obtain phosphorus in the form of struvite, corresponding to industry standards. It is a cylindrical vessel with a conical bottom, in which the liquid digestate with the chemicals is mixed with a stirrer. The functionality of the device was tested experimentally on the created device. The results of the experiment were analyzed by XPS method, which confirmed the formation of struvite. For future operation, modifications of the device and pre-treatment of the liquid digestate were proposed, which could improve the whole process and its results.
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Balance of energy, water and nutrients in the aquaponic cycle
Szotkowski, Matěj ; Procházková, Michaela (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
Předložená diplomová práce byla zpracována s cílem vytvořit přehled poznatků v oblasti akvaponické potravinové produkce. Informace získané během tvorby tohoto přehledu pak měly vést, v kombinaci s daty získanými z funkčního provozu, k vytvoření matematického modelu akvaponického cyklu. Na akvaponické farmě provozované společností Flenexa plus s.r.o., která byla zdrojem potřebných procesních dat, měla být dále zpracována a vyhodnocena bilance energie a vody. Nakonec měla být v průběhu práce posouzena možnost implementace mikrořasového fotobioreaktoru do akvaponického cyklu. Úvod práce představuje motivaci vedoucí k potřebě inovovat dnešní potravinovou produkci. Kriticky jsou zhodnoceny predikce vývoje lidské populace, a to pak hlavně z pohledu dopadu, který by tento růst měl na zemědělskou produkci. Současná situace se na základě získaných poznatků ukazuje jako neudržitelná, primárně pak v oblastech vodohospodářství a energetické spotřeby. Následně je jako možné řešení vedoucí ke zlepšení udržitelnosti potravinové produkce zkoumána akvaponie. Akvaponie je definována a její jednotlivé komponenty jsou představeny z hlediska mechanismu jejich fungování a z pohledu jejich návrhu. Mezi popsané oblasti patří například principy tzv. coupled a decoupled akvaponie a popis možných typů hydroponického komponentu. V této části práce je pozornost věnována také představení cyklů jednotlivých živin v rámci akvaponie. Následující a poslední teoretická část práce je pak věnována mikrořasovému fotobioreaktoru. Jsou zde popsány mechanismy, jak motivující, tak odrazující od zakomponování bioreaktoru do akvaponie. V oblasti výhod se jedná hlavně o jeho roli ve stabilizaci pH a spotřebě toxikého amoniaku. Na druhou stranu jeho ekonomické dopady na profitabilitu akvaponie jsou velmi proměnlivé v závislosti na způsobu implementace. Samotný mikrořasový fotobioreaktor je pak v práci detailněji představen. Jednotlivé procesní ukazatele ovlivňující růst řas jsou rozebrány, a to společně s jednotlivými typy fotobioreaktoru, metodami sklizně a využitími pro vyprodukované mikrořasy. Na základě poznatků schromážděných v této práci pak lze jako nejvhodnější k implementaci do akvaponie doporučit hybridní fotobioreaktory, u kterých je většina osvětlení zajištěna v podobě slunečního svitu. Samotná experimentální část práce pak začíná popisem zkoumaného provozu společnosti Flenexa plus s.r.o. z pohledu aplikovaného akvaponického procesu. Jednotka podrobená měření byla provozně stabilní a využívala implementace hydroponického komponentu typu Deep Water Culture (DWC). Spolu s detailním popisem celého provozu jsou poskytnuty a vyhodnoceny vypracované bilance vody a energií. Pozornost je pak přesunuta k matematickým modelům vypracovaným a ověřeným na základě dat a poznatků shromážděných z provozu společnosti Felenexa plus s.r.o. Logika a algoritmy, na kterých jsou oba modely postaveny, jsou v této části vysvětleny a diskutovány společně s hlavními funkcemi a schopnostmi obou modelů. První, primárně statistický model je představen jako nástroj pro použití při uvádění akvaponie do provozu. Druhý, fyzikální model pak v uživatelsky přívětivém formátu představuje základ pro model řízení akvaponické farmy s mikrořasovým fotobioreaktorem. V neposlední řadě jsou nastíněny také cesty možného budoucího vývoje pro oba vytvořené modely. Práce je následně završena shrnutím a diskusí nad poznatky a výstupy získanými během celého tvůrčího procesu.
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Folate and its role in early embryonic development of higher vertebrates.
Zahradníková, Hana ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Procházková, Michaela (referee)
Folate or vitamin B9 is an essential water-soluble nutrient that takes part in important cellular processes. These include amino acid metabolism, methylation, and nucleotide synthesis, the last two of which play a key role in early embryonic development. It was approximately 30 years ago when folic acid supplementation was confirmed to help prevent embryonic neural tube defects and since then an intake of 400 µg of folate a day has been recommended to all women of childbearing age. Despite this, folate deficiency is a relatively common phenomenon and during pregnancy can lead to congenital malformations and pregnancy complications. This bachelor thesis summarizes the latest findings on the association of neural tube defects and miscarriages with single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding folate metabolism enzymes in humans, focusing mainly on the gene encoding the enzyme 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Furthermore, this thesis deals with potential mechanisms of the folate's protective effect which could participate in the prevention of neural tube defects and are studied mainly on model organisms. Key words: folate, embryo, neural tube defects, MTHFR, homocysteine, miscarriage, single-nucleotide polymorphisms
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