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SMV-2023-40: Characterization of sources and optical elements of coherent optics and use for commercial devices
Holá, Miroslava ; Řeřucha, Šimon ; Pravdová, Lenka ; Čížek, Martin
The contract research was focused on the characterization of the laser source. The characterization of the laser source was divided into two parts. The first part was focused on characterizing the optical frequency of the laser source for at least 100 hours with a resolution better than 100kHz. The second part concerned the zero-drift characterization of a common-path differential interferometer. It was a measurement of interference phase fluctuations during the reflection of interferometer arm beams on a common mirror (zero-drift) lasting at least 100 hours with a resolution better than 1 nm for a pair of differential interferometers with simultaneous measurement of atmospheric parameters.
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Optical frequency distribution with full compensation of induced phase noise
Pravdová, Lenka ; Čížek, Martin ; Hrabina, Jan
In applications demanding high optical frequency stability, two or more reference stages are usually necessary to ensure the laser source's short-term and long-term stability. The short-term stability can be obtained by locking the laser to a high-finesse optical cavity, while the long-term stability can be formed by, for example, a hydrogen maser referenced by a synchronisation signal from a GPS receiver. During the distribution of stable optical frequencies to the target applications, the transmitted signal is affected by the interfering effects of the surrounding environment. This is especially evident in optical fibre transfers, where acoustic interference, vibrations and environmental temperature changes cause induced phase noise. This work describes the distribution network of stable optical frequencies between individual frequency references within the ISI CAS laboratories. The key parts of the setup are realised by free-space optics, and all of the optical links are fully compensated to induced phase noise effects.
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Frequency references and dissemination
Hrabina, Jan ; Pravdová, Lenka ; Šarbort, Martin ; Čížek, Martin ; Holá, Miroslava ; Oulehla, Jindřich ; Pokorný, Pavel ; Lazar, Josef ; Číp, Ondřej
The work deals with an overview of research topics of the “Frequency references and dissemination” group, Department of Coherence Optics, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Czech Academy of Sciences. These topics include frequency locking of lasers by laser spectroscopy and high-finnese optical cavities, digital holography and optical frequency tranfers through fiber and free-space optical links.
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System of frequency standards at the ISI
Čížek, Martin ; Hrabina, Jan ; Pravdová, Lenka ; Číp, Ondřej
The contribution presents a system of frequency standards developed at the Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences. It discusses the need for highly coherent optical frequency references for demanding experiments in spectroscopy with cooled atoms. The system comprises interconnected standards operating in the radiofrequency and optical parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, including an active hydrogen maser, a fiber laser locked to a high-finesse optical resonator, and an optical frequency comb. The relative frequency stability of these standards is analyzed, highlighting their suitability for different integration times and applications. The article also describes the experimental setup for comparing the stability of the frequency standards at the Institute of Scientific Instruments with those at the BEV laboratory in Vienna using a stabilized phase-coherent optical fiber link. The results demonstrate the excellent stability of the frequency standards reaching the -15th order of magnitude, essential for spectroscopy and ion trapping experiments.
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Optical cavity for ultra-narrow linewidth laser system
Pravdová, Lenka ; Hrabina, Jan ; Čížek, Martin ; Číp, Ondřej ; Procháska, František ; Beneš, Jiří
We designed an optical resonator cavity for narrowing standard commercial laser to sub-Hz linewidth. The optical Fabry Perot resonator is designed hemispherical with all components from ULE material and zero crossing temperature at 33°C. The support Zerodur shelf is isolated from the resonator by two Viton O-rings. The resonator is located in an Aluminium chamber with direct temperature stabilization. 2nd temperature stabilisation is provided by 4 Peltier modules enabling heat exchange between the copper jacket and the assembly surroundings. The stainless-steel jacket has passive isolation and protective function.
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System for scanning hydrogen cyanide absorption lines
Hošek, Martin ; Řeřucha, Šimon ; Hrabina, Jan ; Čížek, Martin ; Pravdová, Lenka ; Číp, Ondřej
The definition of both meter and second relies on precisely measured frequency. The convenient sources of such frequencies are lasers stabilized by molecular vapours. The He-Ne lasers stabilized by iodin vapours represent the cornerstone sources in the visible spectrum. On the other hand, the infrared spectrum (particularly the 1550 nm C-band) is of metrological interest thanks to its cost-effective, readily available components. The widely used absorption media at 1550 nm has been two acetylene isotopes (12C2H2, 13C2H2), while H13C14N represents an alternative covering a wider spectrum well corresponding to the telecommunication C-band. The 2ν3 rotational-vibrational band had been investigated, but due to the use of not-so-precise methods, the presented data feature high uncertainty compared to acetylene data. We represent methods that will lead to precise assessments of hydrogen cyanide's absorption line centres with the potential to introduce HCN to Mise en Pratique, making it an internationally recognized source of precise frequency for the realization of traceable laser etalons.
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Multiband fiber polygon for accurate time and coherent frequency transmission
Havliš, O. ; Vojtěch, J. ; Šlapák, M. ; Číp, Ondřej ; Čížek, Martin ; Hrabina, Jan ; Pravdová, Lenka ; Slodička, L.
The CESNET association, in cooperation with the Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS, abbreviated ISI CAS), ČD Telematika and University Palacký in Olomouc (UPOL) Department of Optics built a multiband polygon on real optical routes . The multiband polygon is designed for two-way transmission of ultra-stable quantities, i.e. transmission of acurrate time and coherent frequency (T/F).
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SMV-2022-38: Characterization of sources and optical elements of coherent optics and use for commercial devices
Holá, Miroslava ; Řeřucha, Šimon ; Pravdová, Lenka ; Čížek, Martin
The contract research was focused on the characterization of the flatness of the optical elements and the characterization of the laser source. The optical elements were characterized using a Zygo interferometer. The characterization of the laser source was divided into two parts. The first part was focused on characterizing the optical frequency of the laser source for at least 100 hours with a resolution better than 100kHz. The second part concerned the zero-drift characterization of a common-path differential interferometer. It was a measurement of interference phase fluctuations during the reflection of interferometer arm beams on a common mirror (zero-drift) lasting at least 100 hours with a resolution better than 1 nm for a pair of differential interferometers with simultaneous measurement of atmospheric parameters.
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Fragmentation-free ultrastable transfers through shared optical fibers
Vojtěch, J. ; Smotlacha, V. ; Havliš, O. ; Šlapák, M. ; Altmannová, L. ; Kundrát, J. ; Vohnout, R. ; Velc, R. ; Čížek, Martin ; Hrabina, Jan ; Řeřucha, Šimon ; Pravdová, Lenka ; Lazar, Josef ; Číp, Ondřej ; Kuna, Alexander ; Roztočil, J.
Fibre optics transfers of precise time and ultra-stable optical frequency are gradually becoming part of portfolio of network services of research and educational networks. These national infrastructures very often share fibres with regular data transmission, because of significant share of fibre cost rental on the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO). Situation is very similar in the Czech Republic, where there was more than 3000 km of ultra-stable transmissions within Czech e-Infrastructure, which itself runs over about 5800 km of dark fibre lines.
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Highly-coherent laser for precise optical frequencies dissemination
Pravdová, Lenka ; Čížek, Martin ; Hrabina, Jan ; Jelínek, Michal ; Řeřucha, Šimon ; Mikel, Břetislav ; Lazar, Josef ; Havliš, O. ; Altmannová, L. ; Smotlacha, V. ; Vojtěch, J. ; Velc, R. ; Číp, Ondřej
The paper presents a multipurpose laser with a very narrow spectral line, operating at a wavelength of 1540 nm and designed for cooled ions spectroscopy and the dissemination of precise optical frequencies over optical fibre links. The optical frequency of a commercial single-mode laser (NKT Photonics Koheras Basik) is spectrally narrowed to the level of several Hz using a high-quality optical resonator as an optical reference and an acousto-optic modulator as an active control element. The optical resonator is made of a low length thermal expansion coefficient material and is placed in a multi-shell vacuum chamber providing a stable operating environment. Optical frequency stabilisation uses PDH (Pound-Drewer-Hall) modulation and detection technique.
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